[外语类试卷]大学英语四级模拟试卷967及答案与解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 967及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Suspend Schooling to Work 1目前有些大一学生申请休学一年到校外打工 2出现这种现象的原因是 3你对此的看法 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions at

2、tached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Nuclear Age The Earth

3、exploded into the nuclear age on 16 July 1945. On that day, the US tested a completely new type of weapon in the New Mexico desert. Crafted from a tennis-ball-sized plutonium sphere (钚球 ), the bomb produced an explosion equivalent to 20,000 tons of TNT. Sixty years on, tens of thousands of tonnes of

4、 plutonium and enriched uranium (浓缩铀 ) have been produced. The global nuclear arsenal (兵工厂 ) stands at about 27,000 bombs. Nine countries very proba-bly possess nuclear weapons,while 40 others have access to the materials and technology to make them. But nuclear technology has also been used for pea

5、ceful means. The first nuclear reactor to provide electricity to a national grid opened in England in 1956. Now, 442 reactors in 32 nations produce 16% of the worlds electricity. Nuclear power has been championed as a source of cheap energy. But this was weakened at the end of the 20th century by re

6、actor accidents, the problems of radioactive waste disposal, competition from more-efficient electricity sources and unavoidable links to nuclear weapons proliferation (核武器扩散 ). Nonetheless, growing evidence for global warming had led some to argue that nuclear power is the only way to generate powe

7、r without emitting greenhouse gases. Dropping the bomb The Hiroshima (广岛 ) bomb was made of enriched uranium, compressed by detonating explosives to achieve a supercritical mass (超临界质量 ). The Nagasaki(长崎 ) bomb was made of plutonium. Following 1945, the US developed massively destructive hydrogen bo

8、mbs. Some are equivalent to many millions of tons of TNT, and yield vast amounts of energy through nuclear fusion. Nuclear weapons technology has been adapted for many military uses, such as intercontinental missiles, huge fission (裂变 ) weapons, mini-nukes (微型核弹 ), gamma ray weapons, nuclear landmin

9、es (地雷 ), and nuclear defence missiles. By bombing Japan, the US started a worldwide arms race, and the Cold War with the Soviet Union. The Soviets developed and tested their own bomb in 1949. The United Kingdom achieved the feat in 1952, followed by France in 1960, China in 1964 and most recently I

10、ndia and Pakistan in 1998. Israel is widely thought to possess nuclear weapons and North Korea declared in 2005 that it did too, though neither has conducted tests. Iraq and Libya (利比亚 ) have attempted to develop them in the past, and Iran has been accused of having a secret nuclear weapons programm

11、e. Stopping the Spread While up to nine nations have nuclear weapons, 187 others have promised not to manufacture them. Twenty countries such as Switzerland, Brazil, Argentina, Canada and South Africa once had programmes; but as signatories to the 1968 Treaty on the Non Proliferation of Nuclear Weap

12、ons (NPT), later abandoned them. The NPT aimed to limit the spread of atomic weapons and bound the five original nuclear weapons states to sharing nuclear technology and materials for peaceful means mainly through US and Russian disarmament, the treaty has achieved the decommissioning (退役 ) of 38,00

13、0 warheads (弹头 ) since 1986. However, the treaty is under strain in 2005. Nuclear-armed states stand accused of failing to reduce their arsenals (兵工厂 ), and of considering new weapons, like mini-nukes. Iran reached an agreement with Europe to halt uranium enrichment activities, but may renege (食言 )o

14、n that deal. The 1996 Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty is an attempt to limit test detonations and slow nuclear armament, but the US senate refused to approve of it in 1999. Controlling the remains of the Soviet Unions vast and poorly protected nuclear arsenal is another great challenge. The In

15、ternational Atomic Energy Agency is struggling to keep track of smuggling and the black market in nuclear materials and technology, and fears of terrorists acquiring a dirty bomb are frequently expressed. The sale of materials and information was highlighted in 2004, when a Pakistani nuclear scienti

16、st admitted to selling nuclear technology to Libya, North Korea and Pakistan. Atoms for peace Nuclear power generation has been linked to nuclear weapon proliferation. In fact, the first industrial-scale reactors, built in the US in 1944, were designed to produce plutonium for weapons and the energy

17、 generated was wasted. The first nuclear reactor to provide electricity to a national grid opened in Calder Hall in England in 1956. Today countries such as Japan and France use nuclear power to provide up to 75% of their energy. Nuclear fuel has also been used to power submarines, such as Russias d

18、oomed Kursk; spacecraft such as Cassini, Galileo and the failed Mars-96; and ice breakers, aircraft carriers and other ships. The Pentagon (五角大楼 ) even briefly entertained the idea of a nuclear powered jet. Going critical However, several high profile accidents damaged public confidence in nuclear p

19、ower. The worst US nuclear accident was in 1979, when a cooling system broke down at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania. The reactor melted down, releasing radioactive gas into the environment. There are now concerns about safety with other ageing US reactors. The worlds most serious nuclear accident

20、 happened in 1986, at Chernobyl (前功联乌克兰北部城市 ) in Ukraine. The radiation released killed 30 people directly and spread over northern Europe. The accident has led to radiation induced conditions such as thyroid (甲状腺癌 ) cancers and leukaemia (白血病 ), birth defects, baby deaths and pollution of lakes and

21、 forests. Three other reactors at Chernobyl began working again in 1988, but the last finally closed in 2000 after Western nations eventually paid Ukraine to close it. Similar reactors in Eastern Europe may be just as dangerous. In 1999, 70 people were exposed to radiation in Japans Tokaimnra uraniu

22、m processing plant after workers added seven times the safe quantity of uranium to a settling tank. This caused an uncontrolled chain reaction. Many dangerous accidents have occurred in facilities such as Windscale, Sellafield, Mayak, Monju, Tsuruga and Mihama. Radioactive nuclear waste-which remain

23、s dangerous for many thousands of years-is another serious drawback of the industry. Governments have considered disposing of it by reprocessing; burying it deep underground, such in Nevadas Yucca Mountain in the US; burning it; shipping it to other coun tries; destroying it with giant lasers; encas

24、ing it in glass blocks and storing it on-site at nuclear facilities. But concerns have been raised about potential flooding o repositories (贮藏室 ), secret disposal sites and the risks of transporting waste. Cleaning up decommissioned nuclear sites is also expensive and difficult. Yet nuclear power st

25、ill has one advantage that could prompt a comeback the lack of greenhouse gas emissions. Some now consider it as a good way to reduce the emissions linked to global warming. The US government has already announced plans for a number of new nuclear power stations-the first since 1979. John Pickerell,

26、 8 August 2005 (Adapted) 2 Nuclear power has been considered as a source of cheap and safe energy. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 The US started a worldwide arms race and the Cold War With the Soviet Union by bombing Japan. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Israel and North Korea were widely thought to possess nucle

27、ar weapons and have conducted tests. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Most of the countries are taking efforts to fight against terrorism. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The NPT aimed to limit the spread of atomic weapons and share nuclear technology and materials for peaceful means. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Nuclear

28、 technology was sold by a Pakistani nuclear scientist to Libya, North Korea and Pakistan. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Nuclear power is too dangerous and expensive for peaceful use; therefore, many countries are reluctant to accept it. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 The first nuclear reactor to provide electric

29、ity to a national grid opened in England in _. 10 The worlds most serious nuclear accident happened in _. 11 Cleaning up decommissioned nuclear sites is _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or mor

30、e questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） They are twins. （ B） They are c

31、lassmates. （ C） They are friends. （ D） They are colleagues. （ A） The man is planning a trip to Austin. （ B） The man has not been to Austin before. （ C） The man doesnt like Austin. （ D） The man has been to Austin before. （ A） The size of the room. （ B） Long working hours. （ C） The hot weather. （ D） T

32、he fan in the room. （ A） The man has changed his destination. （ B） The man is returning his ticket. （ C） The man is flying to New York tomorrow morning. （ D） The man cant manage to go to New York as planned. （ A） It is difficult to identify. （ B） It has been misplaced. （ C） It is missing. （ D） It ha

33、s been borrowed by someone. （ A） Looking for a timetable. （ B） Buying some furniture. （ C） Reserving a table. （ D） Window shopping. （ A） Cold and windy. （ B） Snow will be replaced by strong winds. （ C） It will get better. （ D） Rainy and cold. （ A） It is no longer available. （ B） It has been reprinte

34、d four times. （ C） The store doesnt have it now, but will have it soon. （ D） The information in the book is out of date. （ A） He wants to buy a second-hand ear. （ B） He wants to search for his lost car. （ C） He wants to talk about different kinds of cars. （ D） He wants to know the latest model of ca

35、rs. （ A） 80. （ B） 76. （ C） 86 （ D） 70 （ A） California. （ B） Florida. （ C） Texas. （ D） Georgia. （ A） Places the man has visited. （ B） A paper the woman is writing for a class. （ C） School activities they enjoy. （ D） The womans plans for the summer. （ A） She has never been to Gettysburg. （ B） She took

36、 a political science course. （ C） Her family still goes on vacation together. （ D） Shes interested in the United States Civil War. （ A） Why her parents wanted to go to Gettysburg. （ B） Why her familys vacation plans changed ten years ago. （ C） Where her family went for a vacation ten years ago. （ D）

37、 When her family went on their last vacation. （ A） Its far from where she lives. （ B） She doesnt know a lot about it. （ C） Her family went there without her. （ D） Shes excited about going there. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you wi

38、ll hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Maths. （ B） Physics. （ C） An. （ D） Chemistry. （ A） He was a student of art. （ B） He was a newsman. （ C） He

39、was farmer. （ D） He was a writer. （ A） In 1916. （ B） In 1061. （ C） In 1915. （ D） In 1985. （ A） More than 12%. （ B） Almost 50%. （ C） Nearly 60%. （ D） About 70%. （ A） They are self-evident. （ B） They are yet to be proved. （ C） They are to be further studied. （ D） They are supported by scientific evide

40、nce. （ A） Different Forms of Exercise （ B） Exercise-The Road to Health （ C） RunningA Popular Form of Sport （ D） Scientific Evidence of Health Benefits （ A） Saves more than 15,000 lives each year. （ B） Reduces road accidents by more than half. （ C） Reduces the death rate in traffic accidents. （ D） Sa

41、ves lives while driving at a speed up to 30 miles per hour. （ A） Wear a seat belt each time he drives. （ B） Stop children riding in the front seat. （ C） Make the front seat passenger wear a seat belt. （ D） Make the front seat children under 14 wear a seat belt. （ A） Someone who is under 14. （ B） Som

42、eone who is backing into a parking space. （ C） Someone who is delivering and collecting letters. （ D） Someone who is picking up the children from the local school. （ A） Wear a seat belt for health reasons. （ B） Wear no seat belt for health reasons. （ C） Get a valid medical certificate before wearing

43、 a seat belt. （ D） Pay a fine rather than wear a seat belt. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fil

44、l in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 There are some problems for internatio

45、nal students and 【 B1】 _ studying in the United States. Making friends is a 【 B2】 _. Many colleges and universities offer a 【 B3】_ of student clubs and organizations where both foreign born and native American students have a greater chance of meeting people with 【 B4】 _ interests. Information about

46、 these out-of-class activities is often 【 B5】 _ in the student center and listed in the student newspaper. If people feel separate from the social 【 B6】 _ of American college life, they should actively 【 B7】 _ people with shared interests. It is unlikely that students will make friends just by passi

47、ng people on the 【 B8】 _. 【 B9】 _. The reason is that they do not understand the system and are not willing to ask questions. 【 B10】 _. 【 B11】 _. Some colleges offer students tutorial support in such subjects as writing, language study, computer skills and other basic subjects. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39

48、【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through ca

49、refully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 47 Caffeine is a drug that is naturally produced in the leaves and seeds of many plants. Its also produced 【 S1】 _and added to certain foods. Caffeine is defined as a drug because it stimulates the c