[外语类试卷]大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷116及答案与解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 116及答案与解析 Section B 0 The Central Nation A)Immigration places America at the centre of a web of global networks. So why not make it easier? Immigration benefits America because they study and work hard. That is the standard argument in favor of immigration, and it is correct. Leav

2、ing your homeland is a big deal. By definition, this means you need enough energy and courage to make the decision of immigration, which is why immigrants are abnormally entrepreneurial. But there is another, less obvious benefit of immigration. Because they maintain links with the places they came

3、from, immigrants help America plug into a vast web of global networks. B)Many people have observed how the networks of overseas Chinese and Indians benefit their respective motherlands. Diasporas speed the flow of information: an ethnic Chinese trader in Indonesia who finds a commercial opportunity

4、will quickly tell his cousin who runs a factory in Guangdong. And ties of kin, clan or dialect ensure a high level of trust. This allows decisions to be made swiftly: multimillion-dollar deals can sometimes be sealed with a single phone call. America is linked to the world in a different way. It doe

5、s not have much of diaspora, since native-born Americans seldom emigrate permanently. But it has by far the worlds largest stock of immigrants, including significant numbers from just about every country on earth. Most assimilate quickly, but few sever all ties with their former homelands. C)Conside

6、r Andres Ruzo, an entrepreneur who describes himself as “Peruvian by birth; Texan by choice“. He moved to America when he was 19. After studying engineering, he founded a telecoms firm near Dallas. It prospered, and before long he was looking to expand into Latin America. He needed a partner. He stu

7、mbled on one through a priest, who introduced him to another IT entrepreneur, Vladimir Vargas Esquivel, who was based in Costa Rica and looking to expand northward. It was a perfect fit. And because of the way they were introduced by a priest they both respected they felt they could trust each other

8、. Their firm now operates in ten countries and generates tens of millions of dollars in annual sales. Mr. Ruzo wants the firm, which is called ITS Infocom, to go global. So although he and Mr. Vargas Esquivel speak to each other in Spanish, they insist that the firms official language must be Englis

9、h. D)Trust matters. Modern technology allows instant, cheap communication. Yet although anyone can place a long-distance call, not everyone knows whom to call, or whom to trust. Ethnic networks can address this problem. For example, Sanjaya Kumar, an Indian doctor, arrived in America in 1992. He dev

10、eloped an interest in software that helps to prevent medical errors. This is not a small problem. Perhaps 100 000 Americans die each year because of preventable medical mistakes, according to the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Kumar needed cash and business advice to commercialize his ideas, so he turne

11、d to a network of ethnic Indian entrepreneurs called Tie. He met, and was backed by, an Indian-American venture capitalist, Vish Mishra. His firm, Quantros, now sells its services to 2 300 American hospitals. And it is starting to expand into India, having linked up with a software firm there which

12、is run by an old school chum of one of Dr. Kumars Indian-American executives. E)Ethnic networks have drawbacks. If they are a means of excluding outsiders, they can be useless. But they accelerate the flow of information. Nicaraguan-Americans put buyers in Miami in touch with sellers in Managua. Ind

13、ian-American employees help American consulting firms scout for talent in Bangalore. The benefits are hard to measure, but William Kerr of the Harvard Business School has found some suggestive evidence. He looked at the names on patent records, reasoning that an inventor called Wang was probably of

14、Chinese origin, while some called Martinez was probably Hispanic. He found that foreign researchers cite American-based researchers of their own ethnicity 30%-50% more often than you would expect if ethnic ties made no difference. It is not just that a Chinese researcher in Beijing reads papers writ

15、ten by Chinese researcher in America. A Chinese researcher in America may alert his old classmate in Beijing to cool research being done at the lab across the road. F)In Silicon Valley more than half of Chinese and Indian immigrant scientists and engineers report sharing information about technology

16、 or business opportunities with people in their home countries, according to AnnaLee Saxenian of the University of California, Berkeley. Some Americans scare that China and India are using American know-how to out-compete America. But knowledge flows both ways. As people in emerging markets innovate

17、 which they are already doing at a prodigious clip America will find it ever more useful to have so many citizens who can tap into the latest brainwaves from Mumbai and Shanghai. Immigrants can also help their American employers do business in their homelands. Firms that employ many ethnic Chinese s

18、cientists, for example, are more likely to invest in China and more likely to do so through a wholly owned subsidiary, rather than seeking the crutch of a joint venture, finds Mr. Kerr. In other words, local knowledge reduces the cost of doing business. G)Immigration provides America with legions of

19、 unofficial ambassadors, deal-brokers, recruiters and boosters. Immigrants not only bring the best ideas from around the world to American shores; they are also a conduit for spreading American ideas and ideals back to their homelands, thus increasing their adoptive countrys soft power. H)All of whi

20、ch makes the task of fixing Americas complicated immigration rules rather urgent. Alas, Barack Obama has done little to fulfill his campaign pledge to do so. With unemployment still at nearly 10%, few politicians are brave enough to be seen encouraging foreigners to compete for American jobs. 1 Some

21、 Americans are worried that China and India may surpass America by using American practical skills and knowledge. 2 The immigrants are abnormally entrepreneurial, because they have enough energy and courage to immigrate. 3 Mr. Ruzo wants their firm to go global, so he insists that the firms official

22、 language must be English. 4 It is very urgent for the American government to adjust the immigration policy. 5 Mr. Ruzo and Mr. Vargas Esquivel trusted each other because a priest, who they both respected, introduced them. 6 The spread of American ideas and ideals can improve Americas soft power. 7

23、America is not linked to the world in the way as overseas Chinese and Indians because native-born Americans seldom emigrate permanently. 8 The example of Sanjaya Kumar indicates that trust is important in modern business. 9 American politicians are not brave enough to encourage foreigners to compete

24、 for American jobs. 10 Overseas Chinese and Indians benefit their motherlands by telling some business information to their relatives. Section C 10 We didnt worry much about keeping fit 100 years ago. A sizeable percentage of the worlds population was reaping and sowing, herding and mowing its way t

25、hrough life on preindustrial farms. In coastal cities, strong-shouldered stevedores(搬运工 )were loading and unloading ships dawn to dusk without a container in sight. Builders and railroad men drove nails or sawed wood using muscles, not power tools. And for those doing the washing, cooking and scrubb

26、ing at home, life wasnt so dainty(文雅的 )either. In that bygone, sweat-drenched era, staying in shape just wasnt an issue. Working out? Never heard of it. Literally, the old energy-balance equation calories in should equal calories out is seriously out of order, as the rising rates of obesity in the d

27、eveloped world prove. For much of the past decade, health professionals and the popular press have focused on the intake side of the equation. Were eating too much fat, too many carbs(碳水化合物 ), too much altogether. But the problem is just as grave on the output side. We are not burning enough calorie

28、s or moving our bodies enough to maintain good health. “We have two epidemics in America. One is obesity, the other is physical inactivity,“ remarks Dr. Tim Church. How does exercise help us? To begin with, it works wonders for the heart: reducing the risk of heart disease and restoring function aft

29、er a heart attack. In addition, it can help to moderate blood pressure in people with hypertension, significantly relieve depression and anxiety, and maintain cognitive function in old age. Studies show that physical activity may also assist in preventing certain cancer. The World Health Organizatio

30、n estimates that physical inactivity is responsible for 1.9 million deaths every year. In the US, a third of adults are obese, and a quarter of them admit that they spend virtually no leisure time on exercise. A recent study by the University of Hong Kong found that lack of physical activity was lin

31、ked to one in five deaths in the city. Another study found that long working hours and lack of exercise had left Hong Kongers in their 20s and 30s with the breathing capacities of men and women years older. 11 Why people did not worry about keeping fit 100 years ago? （ A） They could use power tools

32、in their daily work. （ B） They lived a leisured life and had no pressure of work. （ C） They did enough physically in their daily work and life. （ D） They could not get enough food to make themselves obese. 12 What does the phrase “Working out“(Line 7,Para. 1)mean according to the passage? （ A） Devel

33、oping in a successful way. （ B） Training the body by physical exercise. （ C） Calculating something precisely. （ D） Understanding somebodys character. 13 What kind of issue have health professionals focused on in the past decade? （ A） They have always reminded us to keep fit in our daily life. （ B） T

34、hey have only paid attention to how much people take in. （ C） They have misunderstood the old energy-balance equation. （ D） They have emphasized the importance of consuming calories. 14 According to the WHO, what is to blame for 1.9 million deaths every year? （ A） That people seldom exercise. （ B） T

35、hat people eat too much food. （ C） That people smoke too much. （ D） That people have different kinds of cancers. 15 What is the main idea of the passage? （ A） To keep fit, people should work out every day. （ B） To keep fit, people should take in plenty of nutritious food. （ C） To keep fit, people sh

36、ould stick to the energy-balance equation. （ D） To keep fit, people should lead a 100-year-ago lifestyle. 15 Soot also known as black carbon heats up the atmosphere because it absorbs sunlight. But for years the institutions that focus on climate policy have played down the role of pollutants such a

37、s black carbon that stay in the atmosphere for a short time and concentrated on carbon dioxide, which, once generated, tends to remain there. That may soon change. A new study concluded that the soot was the second-most-damaging greenhouse agent after CO2 and about twice as bad for the climate as ha

38、d been thought until now. The implications are profound. It found that the black carbon around at the moment has a warming effect of about 1.1 w/m2. This is greater than that of methane(甲烷 )and second only to the 1. 7 w/m2 of carbon dioxide. Black carbon is especially damaging to frozen regions, bec

39、ause when soot falls on snow and ice it increases the amount of light and heat they absorb. The new assessment may therefore help explain why the Arctic has been melting faster than anyone had expected. The study argues that warming is likely to be especially marked in the high latitudes of the nort

40、hern hemisphere northern Canada, Alaska, northern Europe and Siberia. It also gives a warning that black carbon, by changing regional precipitation(降水 )patterns, may affect Asian monsoons(季风 ). The biggest impact of soot, though, is not on the climate but on health through lung and other diseases. A

41、 study reckoned that controlling emissions of black carbon could save 2.4 million lives a year, regardless of any effects on the climate. It might seem that the new study is one more item of bad environmental news. Not so. It should be easier to deal with black carbon than with CO2. Whereas CO2 is l

42、ong-lasting and an inevitable by-product of burning fossil fuels, soot drops out of the atmosphere within weeks. Stop putting it there and it will rapidly go away a potentially easy win. Dealing with them is also cheaper than cutting CO2 emissions and does not need global agreement, because the loca

43、l benefits would be the main point, so no one could free-ride on the emission-cutting efforts of others. Instead, the good of the climate would be free-riding on local self-interest. 16 Why did the institutions pay less attention to soot? （ A） It is too small in amount in the atmosphere to be notice

44、d. （ B） It just stays in the atmosphere for a short time. （ C） It belongs to carbon dioxide. （ D） It is beyond their study. 17 Why has the Arctic been melting faster than expected? （ A） Soot has much stronger damaging power. （ B） People play down the role of soot. （ C） The amount of rain increases.

45、（ D） The globe is becoming warmer. 18 What is the fundamental reason for people to deal with soot? （ A） Soot can change regional precipitation patterns. （ B） Soot can fasten the melting pace of frozen regions. （ C） Soot can cause acid rain. （ D） Soot can cause diseases. 19 Compared with CO2, what is

46、 the good aspect of soot? （ A） It does less harm to human health. （ B） It is easy to get rid from the atmosphere. （ C） It can stay in the atmosphere much longer. （ D） It makes no contribution to the climate changes. 20 What does the word “free-ride“ really mean in the last paragraph? （ A） Getting to

47、 certain place without paying the fee. （ B） Gaining benefits without doing any efforts. （ C） Giving somebody a free ride. （ D） Driving a car in ones own power. 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 116答案与解析 Section B 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 1 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 同义转述题。由定位句可知，一些美国人担心中国和印度可能通过移民与故土人民分享从美国获得的技术来超过美国。题干是对定位句的同义转述，故 F)为正确

48、答案。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 同义转述题。由定位句可知，离开自己的祖国移居国外意味着需要足够的魄力和勇气，这也是为什么他们身上往往有着惊人的开拓进取精神。题干是对定位句的同义转述，故 A)为正确答案。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 同义转述题。由定位句可知， Mr Ruzo希望他们的公司 ITS Infocom能够走向世界，所以，虽然他和 Mr Vargas Esquivel平常用西班牙语交流，但两人坚持将英语作为公司的官方语言 。题干是对定位句的同义转述，故正确答案为 C)。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 4 【正确答案】 H 【

49、试题解析】 同义转述题。由定位句可知，这一切使美国调整其庞大烦琐的移民政策变得极为迫切。题干是对定位句的同义转述，由此可知， H)为正确答案。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节归纳题。由定位句可知， Andres Ruzo通过一位教父结识了另一位同样投身于 IT行业的企业家 Vladimir Vargas Esquivel，因为他们都很尊敬教父，所以他们彼此 也互相信任。题干是对定位句的概括归纳，故 C)为正确答案。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 6 【正确答案】 G 【试题解析】 同义转述题。由定位句可知，移民不仅将世界各地的优秀思想带人美国本土，还充当着将美国的观念和理想传人他们家乡的信使，因而使得美国的软实力逐渐提高。题干是对定位句的同义转述，故 G)为正确答案。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 7 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 同义转述题。由定位句可知，美国通过另一种方式连接世界，因为本土美国人很少会永久移民到其他国家，所以美国人没有太多 像中国人和印度人的关系网。题干是对定位句的同义转述，故正确答案为 B)。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 8 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节归纳题。由定位段可知，信任在商业活动中确实很重要，现代科技使即时廉价的通讯交流成为可能，尽管任何