[外语类试卷]大学英语六级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷230及答案与解析.doc

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1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 230及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the Beijing governments introducing a lottery for automobile buyers in order to solve traffic problems. You can give an example or two to illustrate your p

2、oint. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Section A （ A） She was very lucky to see many whales. （ B） She didnt go to the whale-watching trip. （ C） She didnt see a whale on her whale-watching trip. （ D） She liked the whale-watching trip very much. （ A） Spring. （ B） Summer.

3、 （ C） Autumn. （ D） Winter. （ A） East. （ B） West. （ C） South. （ D） North. （ A） One hour. （ B） Two hours. （ C） Three hours. （ D） Four hours. （ A） Studying with a partner. （ B） Preparing snacks. （ C） Playing cards. （ D） Learning how to design bridges. （ A） Watch her partner. （ B） Play her cards in coop

4、eration with her partner. （ C） Quit the game. （ D） Teach the man how to play bridge. （ A） Miss her card game. （ B） Stay up too late. （ C） Take too heavy a workload next semester. （ D） Neglect her studies to play bridge. （ A） He already knows how to play. （ B） He doesnt like to play games. （ C） He do

5、esnt have a partner. （ D） He doesnt have enough free time. Section B （ A） Less than 30 minutes. （ B） From 30 to 45 minutes. （ C） At least 45 minutes. （ D） More than 45 minutes. （ A） He should show respect for the interviewer. （ B） He should show confidence in himself. （ C） He should talk enthusiasti

6、cally. （ D） He should be dressed properly. （ A） Speaking confidently but not aggressively. （ B） Talking loudly to give a lasting impression. （ C） Talking a lot about the job. （ D） Speaking politely and emotionally. （ A） Because both have a limited supply of air, water, and other resources. （ B） Beca

7、use the Earth moves around the sun as fast as a spaceship. （ C） Because we can travel to outer space. （ D） Because the Earth never stops moving. （ A） About 80 miles per second. （ B） About 70 miles per second. （ C） About 18 miles per second. （ D） About 17 miles per second. （ A） Because the Earth is h

8、eavily polluted. （ B） Because nature cannot recycle its resources. （ C） Because more and more people live on the Earth. （ D） Because no more new resources can be added. （ A） Nature has changed our environment over the years. （ B） We must avoid wasting resources and polluting our environment. （ C） Ou

9、r resources are nearly used up. （ D） Trips to other planets will help eliminate pollution. Section C （ A） Real Madrid. （ B） Manchester United. （ C） Tottenham Hotspur. （ D） Borussia Dortmund. （ A） When he signed with Tottenham Hotspur. （ B） When he won the Champions League. （ C） When he won the Afric

10、a Cup. （ D） When he won the Premier League. （ A） To stage a World Cup that is a spectacular tournament. （ B） To stage a World Cup that benefits billions. （ C） To stage a World Cup that makes you, your grandchildren and everyone in football truly proud. （ D） To stage a World Cup that increase the pop

11、ularity of English football. （ A） South Africa. （ B） England. （ C） Sierra Leone. （ D） Thailand. （ A） A small scene. （ B） A gesture. （ C） A little bit of magic. （ D） A glance between characters. （ A） What is life. （ B） What is space. （ C） What is an astronaut. （ D） What is existence. （ A） Kentucky. （

12、 B） Massachusetts. （ C） New Jersey. （ D） Pennsylvania. （ A） See the planets with her naked eyes. （ B） See with the most powerful telescopes. （ C） Focus time and energy on finding planets at these distances from their stars. （ D） Model the possible climates of exoplanets. （ A） Water. （ B） Distance. （

13、 C） Atmosphere. （ D） Surface temperature. （ A） Its 23 light years away. （ B） Its more than 100 trillion miles away. （ C） Its 1,200 light years away. （ D） Its 100 trillion miles away. Section A 26 Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivat

14、ion and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can【 C1】 _ performance at work and school. Cognitive (认知派的 ) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging depend

15、ence on【 C2】_ and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters,【 C3】 _ among educators. But the careful use of small【 C4】 _ rewards sparks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激 ) indeed【 C5】 _ inventiveness, according to a study in t

16、he June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively【 C6】 _ task, they show the most creativity,“ says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But its easy to【 C7】 _ creativity by giving rewards for poor pe

17、rformance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.“ A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for【 C8】 _ achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to

18、 tighten grading standards and【 C9】 _ failing grades. In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows【 C10】 _ in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. A)

19、 mental I) approval B) promise J) monetary C) kill K) generally D) avoid L) improve E) hope M) challenging F) especially N) restore G) aid O) excellent H) ordinary 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Protecting Student Privacy in th

20、e Data Age A In Kentucky, parents, educators and policy makers can track how many students from a high school go to college, and once they are there, how many require remedial classes (补习班 ). Massachusetts is one of several states with an early warning indicator system, which notifies school officia

21、ls when students appear to be at risk for dropping out of high school. And in Georgia, teachers can easily access years of test scores, class, grades and attendance rates for any student. B Student data advocates argue that used correctly data, including student attendance, test scores and demograph

22、ics (人口统计 ), can enrich education. Teachers can better personalize instruction for students, principals can view the academic records of students who move across school districts and parents can determine whether a child is on track for college, to name just a few examples. C But that promise comes

23、with threats to students privacy. Parents have expressed concerns that if teachers have easy access to students entire academic histories, they might write off those with poor records, or that student information might fall into the hands of sexual predators (侵害者 ). Those concerns have led to heated

24、 debates about how much data schools should be collecting, how it should be stored and who should have access to it. D Over the past year, the Common Core State Standards have also triggered discussions about student data, although the standards do not call for the federal government to collect data

25、. “ Theres no denying that education technology has the potential to transform learning if its used wisely,“ said Joni Lupovitz, vice president of policy at Common Sense Media, which this fall launched a campaign to raise awareness about student privacy issues. “What were working to ensure is that a

26、s educators, parents and student embrace more and more education technology, (and) balance the equation by focusing on student privacy to help ensure that were creating an atmosphere where kids can learn and be engaged and thrive without putting their personal information at risk. “ Relying on a 197

27、0s Law E Until recently, most states weighing privacy questions relied on the federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) , a 1974 law intended to protect student education records. But in recent years, the U. S. Department of Education has made regulatory changes to the law, creating

28、many exceptions. For example, education records now may be shared with outside contractors, such as private companies that track grades or attendance on behalf of school systems. The changes have prompted some states to examine whether they should play a stronger role in protecting student data. F P

29、aige Kowalski, director of state policy and advocacy for the Data Quality Campaign, a nonprofit that advocates for the effective use of data to improve student achievement, said states are starting to realize they need more sophisticated and comprehensive policies, regulations and practices around s

30、tudent privacy, and that they cant just rely on FERPA. G “All states have privacy laws on the books, but a lot of them are old,“ Kowalski said. “A lot of them just dont have modern policies that were written acknowledging that data is even at the state level, let alone stored electronically and beca

31、use of technology is able to move.“ Kowalski added that states privacy policies might refer to outdated information practices, such as checking out paper documents, while failing to discuss modern needs like encryption(加密 ). H Most school districts rely on cloud computing meaning data are stored on

32、servers that can be accessed through the Internet for everything from cafeteria payments to attendance records. But a recent study by the Center on Law and Information Policy at Fordham Law School concluded that most cloud-based services are “ poorly understood, nontransparent and weakly governed“ b

33、y schools. Most school districts fail to inform parents that they are using cloud-based services, and many contracts with web-based vendors (供应商 ) fail to address privacy issues, the study found. Keeping Parents in the Dark I The Electronic Privacy Information Center, a nonprofit research group in W

34、ashington, D. C., filed a lawsuit in February 2012 against the U. S. Department of Education challenging its FERPA changes, but a federal court dismissed the lawsuit for lack of standing. J Khaliah Barnes, the centers administrative law counsel, said many schools and states are doing a poor job of i

35、nforming parents of the issues that can arise with technology. She said school districts should tell parents about the kinds of information they collect, to whom that information is disclosed and for what purposes. Parents should also have the right to opt out of disclosing certain types of informat

36、ion, she said, and should be informed how to access and change incorrect information. K Barnes said schools are using new technology to collect information that goes far beyond attendance records and test scores. Schools have used palm scanners to help students speed through cafeteria lines, and GPS

37、 or microchip (微芯片 ) technology to tell schools when students get on the right school buses or arrive at school, for example. L One state leading the conversation on student data privacy is Oklahoma, which in June adopted the Student Data Accessibility, Transparency and Accountability Act establishi

38、ng rules for the collection and transfer of student data by the state. “It was designed as a system of safeguards to protect student privacy,“ said state representative David Brumbaugh, a Republican, who sponsored the legislation. “It stops the release of confidential (机密的 ) data to organizations ou

39、tside of Oklahoma without written consent of parents or guardians. “ M The law prohibits the state from releasing any student-level data without state approval, which means the education department can release only data that is aggregated and cannot be tied to any individual student. “To my knowledg

40、e, were the only state that doesnt release student-level data,“ said Kim Richey, general counsel for the Oklahoma Department of Education. N Brumbaugh said hes heard from lawmakers around the country interested in proposing similar legislation for their states. The conservative American Legislative

41、Exchange Council has also proposed model legislation similar to the Oklahoma bill. O Other states also have taken action on student data privacy this year: In New York, where a handful of bills related to student data privacy have been introduced in the legislature, the Senate Education Committee he

42、ld a series of public hearings (听证会 ) on topics including student privacy around a planned data collection system. Last week, state senator John Flanagan called for a one-year delay in the launch of the data collection system. The Long Island Republican urged lawmakers to strengthen protections for

43、data on the statewide data portal (门户网站 ) and set civil and criminal penalties for violations. Georgia Governor Nathan Deal, a Republican, signed an executive order in May prohibiting the state from collecting or sharing personally identifiable data on students and prohibiting student data from bein

44、g collected for the development of commercial products or services. In October, the Alabama State Board of Education adopted a new policy on student data that allows the state to share student data with the federal government only in aggregate. The policy also calls on school districts to adopt thei

45、r own policies on the collection and sharing of student data. Republican Governor Terry Branstad of Iowa signed an executive order in October reaffirming that student data should be collected in accordance with state and federal privacy laws and that only aggregate student data would be provided to

46、the federal government. 37 A study indicated that the way schools handle cloud-based services is quite unsatisfactory. 38 The changes made to FERPA suggest that now student data may be exposed to a wider circle. 39 Some states follow Oklahoma and have taken some measures to deal with student data pr

47、ivacy. 40 Some states laws or policies on privacy are based on past practices and thus cant meet the present situations. 41 New technology enables schools to expand the scope of information they collect. 42 Now states become aware that FERPA alone cannot be effective in protecting student data. 43 O

48、klahomas bill on student data privacy has made a nationwide impact. 44 Parents worry that certain information may be at risk of being altered or deleted by those who can access student data. 45 Parents should have the right to know more and make decisions about the collection and use of student data

49、. 46 The proper use of student data can improve the teaching since teachers can learn more about individual differences between students. Section C 46 For about three centuries we have been doing science, trying science out, using science for the construction of what we call modern civilization. Every dispensable item of contemporary technology, from canal locks to dial telephones to penicillin, was pieced together from the analysis of data provided by one or another seri