[外语类试卷]大学英语六级模拟试卷418及答案与解析.doc
《[外语类试卷]大学英语六级模拟试卷418及答案与解析.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《[外语类试卷]大学英语六级模拟试卷418及答案与解析.doc(35页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 418及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a friend inviting her to come to Beijing for May 1st holiday. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 假设你是李芳,给好朋友 Lily写一封信。内容如下: 1. 邀请她五一
2、放假其间来北京游玩 2. 简单介绍北京的名胜古迹 3. 希望对方回信交流意见 A Letter to a Frien 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark: Y (for YES) if
3、 the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Geodesic Dome (圆顶层 ) the House of the Future? R. Buckminster Fuller spent much of th
4、e early 20 th century looking for ways to improve human shelter by applying modern technological know-how to shelter construction, making shelter more comfortable and efficient, and more economically available to a greater number of people. After acquiring some experience in the building industry an
5、d discovering the traditional practices and perceptions which severely limit changes and improvements in construction practices, Fuller carefully examined and improved interior structure equipment, including the toilet, the shower, and the bathroom as a whole. He studied structure shells, and devise
6、d a number of alternatives, each less expensive, lighter, and stronger than traditional wood, brick, and stone buildings. In 1944, the United States suffered a serious housing shortage. Government officials knew that Fuller had developed a prototype of family dwelling which could be produced rapidly
7、, using the same equipment which had previously built war-time airplanes. They could be “installed“ anywhere, the way a telephone is installed, and with little additional difficulty. When one official flew to Wichita, Kansas to see this house, which Beech Aircraft and Fuller built, the man reportedl
8、y gasped, “My God! This is the house of the future!“ Soon, unsolicited checks poured in from people who wanted to purchase this new kind of house, but Fuller was never able to get it into full production. This was due to many obstacles such as only union contractors were able to hook the houses up t
9、o water, power and sewers in many cities. However, because the houses were already wired and had the plumbing installed by the aircraft company, many construction trade unions made it clear that they would not work on the houses. There were also in-house differences between Fuller and the stockholde
10、rs. Fuller did not feel the house design was complete; there were problems he wanted to fix. But the stockholders wanted to move ahead. However, the main obstruction was obtaining the financing for the tooling costs, which were purposefully not included in the negotiations with investors. No bank wo
11、uld finance the project with union problems and stockholder battles. After the war, Fullers efforts focused on the problem of how to build a shelter which is so lightweight that it can be delivered by air. Shelter should be mobile which would require great breakthroughs in the weight-reduction of th
12、e materials. Technology would have to follow natures design as seen by the spiders web which can float in a hurricane because of its high strength-to-weight ratio. New shelter would have to be designed that assimilates these principles and that was Fullers intent. One of the ways Buckminster Fuller
13、would describe the differences in strength between a rectangle and a triangle would be apply pressure to both structures. The rectangle would fold up and be unstable but the triangle withstands the pressure and is much more rigid in fact the triangle is twice as strong. This principle directed his s
14、tudies toward creating a new architectural design, the geodesic dome, based also upon his idea of “doing more with less“. Fuller discovered that if a spherical structure was created from triangles, it would have incomparable strength. The sphere uses the “doing more with less“ principle in that it e
15、ncloses the largest volume of interior space with the least amount of surface area thus saving on materials and cost. Fuller reintroduced the idea that when the spheres diameter is doubled it will quadruple its square footage and produce eight times the volume. The spherical (球形的 ) structure of a do
16、me is one of the most efficient interior atmospheres for human dwellings because air and energy are allowed to circulate without obstruction. This enables heating and cooling to occur naturally. Geodesic shelters have been built all around the world in different climates and temperatures and still t
17、hey have proven to be the most efficient human shelter one can find. More specifically, the dome is energy efficient for many reasons: Its decreased surface area requires less building materials; exposure to cold in the winter and heat in the summer is decreased because, being spherical, there is th
18、e least surface area per unity of volume per structure; the curved-in interior creates a natural airflow that allows the hot or cool air to flow evenly throughout the dome with the help of return air ducts; extreme wind turbulence is lessened because the winds that contribute to heat loss flow smoot
19、hly around the dome; it acts like a type of giant down-pointing headlight reflector and reflects and concentrates interior heat. This helps prevent radiant heat loss. The net annual energy savings for a dome owner is 30% more than normal rectilinear (直线的 ) homes according to the Oregon Dome Co. This
20、 is quite an improvement and helps save the environment from wasted energy. Domes have been designed by Fuller and others to withstand high winds and extreme temperatures as seen in the Polar Regions. Many dome manufacturers offer various designs in geodesic dome housing with little assembly time re
21、quired. Some houses can be assembled in less than a day with others taking up to six months. Many also come in dome kits that buyers can build themselves or with the help of friends. R. Buckminster Fullers first worldwide acceptance by the architectural community occurred with the 1954 Triennale whe
22、re his cardboard dome was displayed for the first time. The Milan Triennale was established to stage international exhibitions aimed to present the most innovative accomplishments in the fields of design, crafts, architecture and city planning. The theme for 1954 was Life between Artifact and Nature
23、: Design and the Environmental Challenge, which fit in perfectly with Fullers work. Fuller had begun efforts towards the development of a Comprehensive Anticipatory Design Science, which he defined as, “the effective application of the principles of science to the conscious design of our total envir
24、onment in order to help make the Earths limited resources meet the needs of all humanity without disrupting the ecological processes of the planet.“ The cardboard shelter that was part of his exhibit could be easily shipped and assembled with the directions printed right on the cardboard. The 42-foo
- 1.请仔细阅读文档,确保文档完整性,对于不预览、不比对内容而直接下载带来的问题本站不予受理。
- 2.下载的文档,不会出现我们的网址水印。
- 3、该文档所得收入(下载+内容+预览)归上传者、原创作者;如果您是本文档原作者,请点此认领!既往收益都归您。
下载文档到电脑,查找使用更方便
2000 积分 0人已下载
下载 | 加入VIP,交流精品资源 |
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 外语类 试卷 大学 英语六级 模拟 418 答案 解析 DOC
![提示](http://www.mydoc123.com/images/bang_tan.gif)