[外语类试卷]大学英语六级模拟试卷413及答案与解析.doc
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1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 413及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the title: How to Treat Our Aging Population? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese. How to Treat Our Aging Population 1中国已
2、渐渐步入老龄化社会 (65岁以上的老年人已占全国人口的 7%) 2我认为应如何对待老年人群 (社会关爱与福利制度,家庭温暖,社区服务 ) 3我的结论 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark
3、: Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Organic Food Organic farming was among the fastest growing segments of U
4、.S. agriculture during the 1990s. The value of retail. sales of organic food was estimated to be $16 billion in 2004. According to the Food Marketing Institute, more than half of Americans now buy organic food at least once a month. Why is organic food becoming so popular? What is Organic Food? In D
5、ecember 2000, the National Organic Standards Board of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) established a national standard for the term “organic“. Organic food, defined by how it cannot be made rather than how it can be made, must be produced without the use of sewer-sludge fertilizers, most sy
6、nthetic fertilizers and pesticides, genetic engineering (biotechnology), growth hormones, irradiation and antibiotics. A variety of agricultural products can be produced organically, including produce, grains, meat, dairy, eggs, and processed food products. “Organic“ does not mean “natural“. There i
7、s no legal definition as to what constitutes a “natural“ food. However, the food industry uses the term “natural“ to indicate that a food has been minimally processed and is preservative-free. Natural foods can include organic foods, but not all natural foods are organic. Only foods labeled “organic
8、“ have been certified as meeting USDA organic standards. Organic Farming The phrase organic farming first appeared in Lord Northbournes book Look to the Land, published in 1940. But the truth is, organic farming is the oldest form of agriculture. Before the end of World War , farming without the use
9、 of petroleum-based chemicals (synthetic fertilizers and pesticides) was the only option for farmers. Technologies developed during the war were found to be useful for agricultural production. For example, the chemical ammonium nitrate (硝酸铵 ), which was used as munitions (军需品 ), became useful as fer
10、tilizer, and organophosphates (有机磷酸盐 ) used for nerve gas were later used as insecticide. These days, farmers are switching to organic agriculture once again, but now with an ecologically based, systematic approach that includes long-term planning, detailed record keeping and major investment in equ
11、ipment and supplies. Although it is still only a small industry, the number of organic farmers is growing by about 12 percent per year and now stands at more than 12,000 nationwide. Organic Farming in the U.S. Today The USDAs Economic Research Service reports that in 1997, the latest year for which
12、data are available, farmers in 49 states used organic production methods and thirdVparty organic certification services on 1.35 million acres out of a total of 828 million acres of farmland. Approximately two-thirds of the certified U.S. organic farmland was used for crops, and one-third was used as
13、 pasture. Large farms, mostly located in the Midwest and West, produced processed tomatoes, organic wine grapes and other high-value crops on a commercial scale, whereas numerous small farms, concentrated in the Northeast, specialized in mixed vegetable production for direct marketing to consumers a
14、nd restaurants. While organic food can be found throughout the country, California was the leader in production of organic fruits and vegetables in 1997, followed closely by Arizona, Florida, Texas, and Washington in decreasing order of total yield. Farmers and ranchers in 23 states raised a small n
15、umber of certified organic cows, hogs and sheep. New York, Wisconsin and Minnesota were the top producers of organic dairy cows. Production: Organic vs. Conventional As you can imagine, organic agricultural practices are quite distinct from those of “conventional“ fanning. Organic farmers: feed soil
16、 and build soil matter with natural fertilizer to grow their crops use insect predators, mating disruption, traps and barriers to protect crops from pests and disease make use of crop rotation, mechanical tillage and hand-weeding, as well as cover crops, mulches, flame weeding and other management m
17、ethods to control weed growth. As a last resort, organic farmers may apply certain botanical or other non-synthetic pesticides. Conventional farmers:, apply chemical fertilizers to the soil to grow their crops spray with insecticides to protect crops from pests and disease use synthetic herbicides t
18、o control weed growth. How Do I Know if a Food is Organic? Look for the word “organic“ on vegetables or pieces of fruit, or on the sign above the organic produce display. The word “organic“ may also appear on packages of meat, cartons of milk or eggs, cheese and other single-ingredient foods. Foods
19、labeled “100 percent organic“ must contain only organic ingredients. Products containing at least 70 percent organic content can be labeled “made with organic ingredients“. Those foods labeled simply “organic“ must have at least 95 percent organic ingredients, by weight or fluid volume, excluding wa
20、ter and salt. Anyone who knowingly sells or labels a product “organic“ that is not produced and handled in accordance with these regulations can face a civil penalty of up to $10,000. Foods grown and processed according to the federal standards will in most cases bear the seal “USDA Organic“. As its
21、 use is voluntary, companies may choose not to display the seal. Why Should I Care if a Food is Organic? According to the USDA, organic food production allows farmers to lower input costs, decrease reliance on nonrenewable resources, capture high-value markets and premium prices, and boost farm inco
22、me. Organic agriculture also has many important environmental, benefits: It promotes sustainability by establishing an ecological balance to prevent soil fertility or pest problems. In the long run, organic farms tend to conserve energy and protect the environment by maintaining ecological harmony.
23、It enhances biodiversity, or the presence of multiple plant and animal species. Having a highly diverse genetic pool becomes useful in the future when beneficial characteristics can be tapped. Because organic agriculture utilizes practices such as crop rotations, inter-cropping, symbiotic associatio
24、ns, cover crops and minimum tillage, the length of time that the soil is exposed to erosive forces is decreased, which minimizes nutrient losses and boosts soil productivity. By not using synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, organic agriculture-reduces pollution of groundwater. Organic agriculture
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