[外语类试卷]专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷38及答案与解析.doc
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1、专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷 38及答案与解析 一、 PART IV PROOFREADING it is wrong not to, to “let them get away from it.“ People are (8)_ thus untroubled in inviting divine retribution or the power of the state to harm other people they deem it immoral. Bertrand Russell wrote, “The in- (9)_ fliction of cruelty with a goo
2、d conscience is a delight to moralists that is how (10)_ they invented hell.“ 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5 (5) 6 (6) 7 (7) 8 (8) 9 (9) 10 (10) 10 Why dont people just say what they mean? The reason is that conversational partners are not modems downloading information into each others brains. People ar
3、e very, very touchy about their re lationships. Whenever we speak to someone, you are presuming (1)_ two of you have a certain degree of familiarity which (2)_ your words might alter. So every sentence has to do two things for once: convey a message and continue to negotiate (3)_ with that relations
4、hip. The clearest example is ordinary politeness. When (4)_ you are at a dinner party and want the salt, you dont blurt out, “Gimme the salt.“ So, you use what linguists call a whimperative, as in “Do you think (5)_ you could pass the salt?“ or “If you could pass the salt, that will be awe- (6)_ som
5、e.“ Taken literally, these sentences are inane. The second is an overstate ment, and the answer to the first is obvious. Fortunately, the hearer assumes that the speaker is irrational and listens between the lines. Yes, your point (7)_ is to request the salt, but youre doing it in such a way that fi
6、rst takes care to establish what linguist call “felicity conditions“, or the prerequisites to (8)_ make a sensible request. The underlying rationale is that the hearer not be (9)_ given a command but simply is asked or advised about one of the necessary (10)_ conditions for passing the salt. Your go
7、al is to have your need satisfied with out treating the listener as a flunky who can be bossed around at will. 11 (1) 12 (2) 13 (3) 14 (4) 15 (5) 16 (6) 17 (7) 18 (8) 19 (9) 20 (10) 20 I see no conflict in what the Bible tells me about God and what sci ence tells me about nature. Like St. Augustine
8、in A.D. 400, I do not find the wording of Genesis 1 and 2 to suggest a scientific textbook or a power- (1)_ ful and poetic description of Gods intentions in creating the universe. The mechanics of creation is left unspecified. If God, who is all powerful and (2)_ who is limited by space and time, ch
9、ose to use the mechanism of evolution (3)_ to create you and me, who are us to say that wasnt an absolutely elegant (4)_ plan? And if God has now given us the intelligence and the opportunity to discover his methods, which is something to celebrate. I lead the Human (5)_ Genome Project, which has no
10、w revealed all of the 3 billion letters of our own DNA instruction book. I am also a Christian. For me scientific discov ery is also an occasion of worship. Nearly no working biologists accept that (6)_ the principles of variation and natural selection explain how multiple species evolved like a com
11、mon ancestor over very long periods of time. I find no (7) compelling examples that this process is insufficient to explain a rich variety (8)_ of life forms present in this planet. While no one could claim yet to have (9)_ ferreted out every detail of how evolution works, I do not see any significa
12、nt “gaps“ in the progressive development of lifes complex structures that would not require divine intervention. (10) _ 21 (1) 22 (2) 23 (3) 24 (4) 25 (5) 26 (6) 27 (7) 28 (8) 29 (9) 30 (10) 30 Certainly few people today endorse the blank slate in so many words, and I suspect that even fewer believe
13、 it in their heart of hearts. But many people still tacitly assume that nurture is everything when they write opin ion pieces, conduct research, and translate the research into policy. Most parenting advice, for example, is inspired by studies that find a correlation for (1)_ parents and children. L
14、oving parents have more confident children, authorita- (2)_ tive parents (neither too permissive nor too punitive) have well-behaved children, parents who talk to their children have children at better language (3) skills, and so on. Everyone concludes that to rear best children, parents must (4)_ b
15、e loving, authoritative, and talkative, and if children dont turn in well, it (5)_ must be the parents fault. But there is a basic problem with this reason, and (6)_ it comes from the tacit assumption that children are blank slates. Parents, remember, provide for their children with genes, not just
16、a home environ- (7)_ ment. The correlations between parents and children may be telling us only that the same genes that make adults loving, authoritative, and talkative make their children self-confident, well behaved, and articulate. Until the studies are redone with adopted children (who get only
17、 their environment, not their genes, from their parents), the data are compatible among the pos- (8)_ sibility that genes make all the difference, the possibility that parenting makes all the difference, or anything from between. Yet in almost every (9)_ instance, the most extreme position where par
18、ents are everything is the (10)_ only one researchers entertain. 31 (1) 32 (2) 33 (3) 34 (4) 35 (5) 36 (6) 37 (7) 38 (8) 39 (9) 40 (10) 40 With all the troubles that humanity faces, why should we care about the condition of living nature? Homo sapiens is species confined to an extreme- (1)_ ly small
19、 niche. Truly, our minds soar out to the edges of the universe and (2)_ contract inward to subatomic particles the two extremes encompassing 30 powers often in space. In respect, our intellects are godlike. But, lets face it, (3)_ our bodies stay trapped inside of a proportionately microscopic envel
20、ope of (4)_ physical constraints. Earth provides a self-regulating bubble that sustains us indefinitely without any thought or contrivance of our own. This protective shield is the biosphere, the totality of life, creator of all air, cleanser of all water, manager of all soil though is itself a frag
21、ile membrane that barely (5)_ clings to the face of the planet. We depend upon its razor-thin health for ev ery moment of our lives. We belong in the biosphere, we were born here like (6)_ species, we are closely suited on its exacting conditions and not all condi- (7)_ tions, either, but just that
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- 外语类 试卷 专业 英语 改错 模拟 38 答案 解析 DOC
