[外语类试卷]专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷273及答案与解析.doc
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1、专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷 273及答案与解析 一、 PART III LANGUAGE USAGE 0 It is of course true that in a certain sense the individual is predestined to talk, but that is due entirely to the circumstance, that is, he is born not merely in nature, but in the lap of a society that is certain, reasonably certain, to lead h
2、im to their traditions.【 S1】 _ Eliminate society and it is every reason to believe that he will【 S2】 _ learn to walk, and, indeed, he will survive at all. But it is just as certain as that he will never learn to talk, that is, to【 S3】 _ communicate ideas according to the tradition system of a【 S4】 _
3、 particular society. Or, again, remove the newborn individual from the social environment into which he has come and transplant him to an utterly alien one. He will develop the art of walking in his new environment very much as he will have【 S5】 _ developed it in the old. But his speech will complet
4、ely at variance【 S6】 _ with the speech of his native environment. Walking, then, is a general human activity that varies only within circumscribed limits as we pass from individual to individual. Its variability is voluntary【 S7】 _ and purposeless. Speech is a human activity that varies without assi
5、gnable limit as we pass from social group to social group, because it is a pure historical heritage of the group, the product of【 S8】 _ long-continued social usage. It varies as all creative effort varies not as consciously, perhaps, but none the less as truly as do the religions, the beliefs, the c
6、ustoms, and the arts of different people.【 S9】 _ Walking is an organic, an instinctive function(not, of course, itself an instinct); speech is a non-instinctive, acquiring,【 S10】 _ “cultural“ function. 1 【 S1】 2 【 S2】 3 【 S3】 4 【 S4】 5 【 S5】 6 【 S6】 7 【 S7】 8 【 S8】 9 【 S9】 10 【 S10】 10 Humans are th
7、ought to be responsible for a large number of environmental problems, ranging from global warming to ozone depletion. That is not in doubt, however, is the devastating effect【 S1】 _ humans are having on the animals and plants of the planet. Currently, an estimated 50,000 species become extinct each
8、year. If this takes on, the impact on all living creatures is likely to【 S2】 _ be profound. All species depend in some way each other to survive.【 S3】 _ If you remove one species from this very complex web of interrelationships, you have very little idea about the knock-on effects on the ecosystem.
9、However, if you lose a key species, you【 S4】 _ might cause a whole flood of other extinctions. The most complicating matter is the fact in that there is no【 S5】 _ obvious solution to the problem. Unlike global warming and ozone depletion which, if the political will is there, could be reduced by【 S6
10、】 _ cutting gas emissions preserving bio-diversity remains an intractable problem. The late idea is “ sustainable management“ , which involves【 S7】 _ using any species for human beings benefit, provide enough【 S8】 _ individuals of that species are left alive to ensure its continued existence. Sustai
11、nable management is seen as a practical and economic way of protecting species from extinction. Instead of【 S9】 _ depending on largely ineffective laws against illegal hunting, it gives local people a good economic reason to preserve plants and animals. This sounds like a sensible strategy, but it r
12、emains to be seen whether it will work. With corruption popular in many developing countries, some observers are suspicious that the money will actually reach people it is intended for. Others wonder how effective【 S10】 _ the locals will be at stopping illegal hunters. 11 【 S1】 12 【 S2】 13 【 S3】 14
13、【 S4】 15 【 S5】 16 【 S6】 17 【 S7】 18 【 S8】 19 【 S9】 20 【 S10】 20 Most economies in the United States seem captivated by the spell of the free market. Consequently, nothing seems good or normal which does not accord with the requirements of the free【 S1】 _ market. A price that is determined by the sel
14、ler or, for that matter, establishing by anyone other than the aggregate of consumers【 S2】 _ seemly harmful. Accordingly, it requires a major act of will to think【 S3】 _ of price-fixing(the determination of prices by the seller)as both normal or having a valuable economic function. In fact, price-fi
15、xing【 S4】 _ is normal at all industrialized societies if the industrial system itself【 S5】 _ provides, as an effortless consequence of its own development, the price-fixing that they requires. Modern industrial planning requires【 S6】 _ and rewards great size. Hence, a comparatively small number of l
16、arge firms will be competing for the same group of consumers. Each large firm will act with full consideration of the needs that it has in the common with other large firms competing for the same【 S7】 _ customers. Each large firm will nevertheless avoid significant price-【 S8】 _ cutting, because pri
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