[外语类试卷]专业英语八级（人际交往及其他类写作）模拟试卷2及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级（人际交往及其他类写作）模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 一、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 1 Should a city try to preserve its old, historic buildings or destroy them and replace them with modern buildings? Use specific reasons and examples to support your

2、answer. Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you

3、have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 2 It is said that todays generations are firm advocates of individualism, thus unable to coope

4、rate properly with others, whereas a lot of others, holding the belief that people work more productively in teams than individually, thus opposing to the behaviors of todays youngsters. So do you think teamwork will definitely motivate people more than individual competition does? State your reason

5、s. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate reasons. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, orga

6、nization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 3 If categorized, employees can be roughly divided into those who are always obedient to their employees and those who may go beyond instructions and pop up new ideas. Which type, in your o

7、pinion, is better for a companys development? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In th

8、e last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 4 A saying quite often cited is “Failure is Mother to Su

9、ccess“. Therefore, some people argue that only through mistakes can there be discoveries and progress. Do you agree with them? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in

10、 the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may re

11、sult in a loss of marks. 专业英语八级（人际交往及其他类写作）模拟试卷 2答案与解析 一、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 1 【正确答案】 The Value of Historic Buildings There is often a lot of debate regarding historic buildings and whether they should be preserved or t

12、orn down . While some people say that historic buildings should be preserved, others think that they should be demolished to make room for new developments. I believe that historic buildings need to be preserved since their existence represents our respect for past accomplishments and they are also

13、a national treasure we can save for our future generations. First, historic buildings serve as an important milestone of past accomplishments. When the old buildings were constructed, they showcased the technology and methodology of the era. Consider the Forbidden City in Beijing. The Forbidden City

14、 has stood for centuries as a landmark of Chinese history. While no longer having an emperor, China is proud of its history and what past emperors have helped develop. Such structures are far too important to tear down to make room for additional housing developments or shopping malls. It is a matte

15、r of national pride, and historic buildings help citizens to maintain a sense of cultural identity through these past accomplishments. Nearly every country in the world has historic buildings, and they show what happened in the past and need to be preserved. Second, historic buildings serve as a too

16、l for conveying the history of the city and country. The Palace of Versailles in France is of significant importance in French history. Walking through its halls, visitors can learn about the history of the country. The Taj Mahal in India serves as a major historical reminder of Shah Jahan and his l

17、ove of Mumtaz Mahal. With such an amount of historical significance, these buildings need to be preserved so that future generations will be able to learn some of their history iirst-hana. A large number of modern buildings are demolished regularly and serve little purpose other than housing or busi

18、ness, which will never become part of history. Given the problems associated with fast-food, modern buildings have little, if anything, to teach other than problems. Therefore historic buildings should be preserved to teach people about history. In short, people are not able to halt progress, but we

19、 can shape its course by remembering history. Historic buildings play an important role in this and should therefore be preserved. They not only teach us about history but also are cultural legacy for future generations. 【试题解析】 老建筑和新建筑之间的关系是城市建设过程中的难题，也是当前的热点话题。对于老建筑，我们到底是要保护还是要将其拆除后给新建筑让位 ?对于这样一种争议

20、性较强的题目，我们选择哪种观点并不重要，重要的是能在一开始就表明自己的态度，随后提出自己深入的分析和看法。本题在审题时还要注意，题目中所指的是 historic building，也就是具有历史意义或在建筑等方面具有重要价值的建筑，而不是那些破旧的、没有太多保存意义的老建筑。对于这点，最好在开头段明确交代。 【知识模块】 人际交往及其他类 2 【正确答案】 1+12? Not Necessarily Teamwork possibly produces an overall greater productivity through the concept of “synergy“. But t

21、he idea that people work more productively in teams rather than as individuals is going to vary greatly with regard to the types of teams that are organized, the end reward or motivation, as well as the individuals themselves. Regarding individuals, some people are born with the desire to succeed, n

22、o matter what the situation or task that they are facing. These people may evolve into the classic “Type A“ personalities that work ferociously because they are driven by an internal fire that says they must always be doing something, whether individually or as part of a team. Other people may desir

23、e to be less socially involved or are very highly competitive with other people. For these people, their work is most productive as individuals, because the very idea of cooperating with other people limits their effectiveness and efficiency because they simply do not want to be a part of the team.

24、Another variable is the end reward that is involved with the task at hand. Will the rewards be greater if the team works together towards a common goal, or are the rewards more geared toward individual performance? To the extent that the individual is motivated by the end reward, obviously his or he

25、r performance inside of a team may be more or less productive with respect to the entire team. Individual goals may interfere with the group performance. Synergies may not be achieved because the individuals are not working towards a whole “sum“ but rather towards an individual reward. Finally, the

26、degree of productivity of a person will depend upon the type of team that is organized. Is the group composed of equally contributing individuals? Does the group have an outstanding leader that can motivate both the individuals and the team as a whole? From a pure productivity standpoint, the presen

27、ce or absence of a charismatic and exceptional leader can make all the difference whether a person would be more productive as a part of a team or as an individual. Fundamentally, whether a person is more productive alone or while working in concert with others is one of the great challenges that le

28、aders and managers must face to accomplish tasks effectively and efficiently. 【试题解析】 人们对于怎样工作效率最高的问题往往争论不休，有些人认为“单打独斗 ”的工作方式最为高效，而更多人则倾向于认为只有通过团队合作才能最大化发挥个人价值，从而实现最优结果。因此，题目中有此一问： “团队合作是否一定能够更大程度地激发个人的动力，取得最大效率 ”。关于这一问题，我们认为并不一定，原因在于团队合作并不见得能够做到 1+12，还可能取决于个人特点、团队组织方式以及最终获 益等因素。 【知识模块】 人际交往及其他类 3 【正

29、确答案】 A Good Employee - More Than Obedient While having obedient employees that support their supervisors in all projects may be somewhat desirable, having employees that always do exactly as what their bosses say does not necessarily make them valuable assets to the company. Employees that are not a

30、fraid to go beyond the requirements of their job, and in doing so stray1 from the direct instructions of their supervisors, are the most valuable type of employees. If we think of an employees value in terms of the money each employee earns for their company in proportion to their salary, then an em

31、ployee who only does what his or her supervisor requires is not helping the company earn money. In essence, the company is paying many people for one idea. However, if employees take their own initiative and come up with new ideas in addition to their supervisors, then the company is paying many peo

32、ple for several ideas. Employees who only do what their bosses tell them to do are basically “yes men“. They do not bring any new ideas to the table and they do not try very hard to help improve their company. In this way a company pays a lot of money for people who do not improve and will not help

33、their company succeed. Google is a good example of a company whose employees are encouraged to be individual and not just toe the line of their bosses. Every one of their employees is given time to come up with their own projects and plans. Innovations in technology like Google Earth have been devel

34、oped this way. The programs developed from encouraging employees to not always follow their bosss instructions have generated millions of dollars for Google. Encouraging employees to have individual ideas and goals is also a way that companies can save money. If a company just hires a bunch of “yes

35、men“, then the responsibility for coming up with a successful business plan all falls on the supervisors shoulders. What if the supervisor has a really terrible plan that causes the company to lose millions? Employees who willingly give their constructive opinions are much more valuable in this case

36、. By speaking up and not just following their supervisors lead, these employees help save the company from losing a lot of money. You can see this kind of successful business model applied when companies expand abroad. Take KFC for example. Most people in China joke that KFC is basically Chinese. I

37、have some American friends and they say that KFC is nothing like KFC in the U.S. If the leaders of KFC had just simply followed the U.S. business plan, then this restaurant chain would not be as successful as it is in China. Employees who think individually and do not just follow their supervisors a

38、dvice are more valuable to a company because they help create products and give innovative ideas that help bring in more money. They also keep the company from losing money by helping to build flawless business plans by giving advice and criticism when necessary. 【试题解析】 文章开头首先提出：对上司言听计从并不见得能够成为公司 器重

39、的人才，其后更是直接提出个人观点。这里需要考生注意的是，文章并没有使用 I think， in my opinion等明确的观点表述词，但显得更加掷地有声。在文章的正文部分，作者的论证严丝合缝，环环相扣，符合一篇议论文的基本要求。不少同学论证时几句话后便无话可说，本文可作为一篇较好的借鉴。作者在论证中更是使用了反问、举例等手法，使说理更加充分。 【知识模块】 人际交往及其他类 4 【正确答案】 Failure Not Necessarily Mother to Success “Failure is mother to success“, a more popular and more wid

40、ely publicized version of “Only through mistakes will there be discoveries and progress“, has been advocated and championed as an adage of encouragement. Nevertheless, it should also be pointed out that it is seriously misleading to take this apparently encouraging remark as a lifelong principle and

41、 to live by this principle. The process of “making mistakes“, especially when it is connected with “making discoveries“, strongly implies that a human agent, presumably a scientist, is engaged in an act of highly positivistic and empirical scientific research. However, with life being so transitory,

42、 we should keep in mind that the wealth of scientific knowledge accumulated by the scientists who precede us can help us effectively and directly head toward discoveries and progress by bypassing possible pitfalls and mistakes. The fact that we can exploit existing scientific findings in a more spee

43、dy and fruitful manner precludes us from the necessity to achieve scientific progress by resorting to mistake-making as a source of knowledge, as is advocated by the foregoing argument. Moreover, the proposition that “only through mistakes will there be discoveries and progress“ induces the illusion

44、 that, as long as researchers keep on undertaking trials and experiments regardless of efficiency and cost, victory will be there automatically and inevitably. The proposition that perseverance will ultimately lead to discoveries and progress further implies that every scientific effort would end up

45、 in success. There would never be such a thing as resignation or giving up halfway, as if success can always be guaranteed by an “anti-failure insurance company.“ But there are instances in which certain scientific missions have to be terminated eternally because the prospect of a discovery is indee

46、d bleak. If we allow ourselves to cherish the blind faith in an ultimate victory, those mistake-makers would comfortably indulge themselves in committing infinite mistakes, and even blind mistakes. On the other hand, this will also give rise to the development of magnanimous but ill-fated tolerance

47、on the part of the general public for mistake-making. The proposed argument is seriously flawed with the use of the word “only“, which posits the committing of mistakes as an absolute condition for accomplishing discoveries and progress, ignoring the foundational importance of the research performed by those scientists preceding us. 【试题解析】 作者在文章一开头就出人意料，用 seriously misleading来形容一句我们已经耳熟能详，甚至奉为座右铭的话语，然而作者在主体两段中的论述却不南得不让人信服。既然前人已经为我们奠定了扎实的根基，我们为何还要事倍功半地选择犯错这一条路呢 ?盲目笃信这句话更是会带来严重后果，不仅会有人钻空子，从事一些根本不可能有结果的所谓研究，而且公众也可能不明就里地容忍犯错行为，最终只会造成社会资源的极大浪费。结尾段再次点题，讲明题目中论述的谬误所在。 【知识模块】 人际交 往及其他类