[外语类试卷]专业英语八级模拟试卷497及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 497及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.

2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Dealing with Life Abroad I. Culture shock of life abroad 1) More and more people tend to go abroad Go abr

3、oad to work,study or travel. Find out what life is like in another part of the world. Make new friends. Learn about the (1)_in another country. 2) Culture shock (2)_: homesickness, stress, fear, confusion. II. lips to help you deal with new situations. 1) Take time to (3)_ 2) Do have an open mind Do

4、 not form an opinion too soon. Do not think of the (4)_as better or worse. It is just different and you will be more willing to try new things. 3) Get involved Try things for yourself. Do not worry about making a mistake. If you are unsure of what to do in a formal setting, follow others lead. Activ

5、e (5)_in conversation is important. 4) Practise your language skills Try to find a native speak to have conversation. Take every (6)_to talk with the native. Become more confident. Try to engage others in a bit of casual, polite conversation. 5) Try to find a foreign language TV station and watch of

6、ten At first try to recognize a few words or phrases. Later pay attention to the patterns of pronunciation, and the way that the voice rises and falls. Childrens shows are great for learning and reviewing basic (7)_. Learn by watching ads and games shows. 6) Seek help and keep contact Do not forget

7、the (8)_information about the organizations and people that are to help you. Be honest. Call back or email to your friends and family occasionally. 7) Holiday advice Be a respectful observer if you do not share the religious belief of the holiday. Religious ceremonies can give you (9)_into a culture

8、,and your questions can lead to interesting conversations with your family and friends. (10)_is a part of holiday traditions. SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on

9、an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 From which place did they start their sightseeing? （ A） Houses of Parliament and Big Ben. （ B） The south bank of the Thames. （ C） Lambeth Bridge. （ D

10、） Westminster Abbey. 12 Where does the Horatio Nelson the naval captain who defeated Napoleon at the battle of Trafalgar in 1805, and so stopped him from invading England stand? （ A） St. Jamess Park. （ B） Whitehall. （ C） Downing Street. （ D） Trafalgar Square. 13 According to the conversation when ar

11、e all the big shops closed? （ A） On weekend. （ B） On Sunday. （ C） On workday. （ D） On Saturday. 14 From the conversation we can know where is the Chinese Embassy? （ A） At Marble Arch. （ B） Near Hyde Park. （ C） In Portland place. （ D） At Mayfair. 15 From the conversation what can we deduce? （ A） Robi

12、nson is an English. （ B） Li is very familiar with London. （ C） It is the Lis first look at London. （ D） It is the Robinsons first look at London. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At th

13、e end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which is NOT the aim of the United States central bank to cut its main interest rate to the lowest level on record? （ A） To make borrowing cheap. （ B） To restore consumption level. （ C） To curb peoples enthusiasm for s

14、tocks. （ D） To help liquidity return to the economy. 16 During the 1970s and 1980s political extremism and terrorism frequently focused on “national liberation“ and economic issues. The collapse of the Soviet bloc, and the ending of its covert funding and encouragement of terrorism led to a decline

15、in the militant and violent left-wing terrorist groups that were a feature of the age. The 1990s have seen the development of a “new terrorism“. This is not to say that state-backed terrorism has ceased, but rather that the spectrum of terrorism has widened. This new extremism is frequently driven b

16、y religious fervor, is transnational, sanctions extreme violence, and may often be millenialist. The new terrorism may seek out military or government targets, but it also seeks out symbolic civilian targets, and the victims have mostly been innocent civilians, Growing concern about this new terrori

17、sm has been paralleled by concern about the employment of the new information and communication technologies (ICTs). ICTs offer a new dimension for political extremists and terrorists. They allow the diffusion of command and control; they allow boundless new opportunities for communication, and they

18、 allow the players to target the information stores, processes and communications of their opponents. The sophistication of the modern nation-state, and its dependency on computer-based ICTs, make the state ever more vulnerable The use of ICTs to influence, modify, disrupt or damage a nation state,

19、its institutions or population by influencing the media, Or by subversion, has been called “netwar“, The full range of weapons in the cyberspace armory can be employed in netwar; from propaganda campaigns at one level to interference with databases and networks at the other. What particularly distin

20、guishes netwar from other forms of war is that it targets information and communications, and may be used to alter thinking or disrupt planned actions. In this sense it can be distinguished from earlier forms of warfare economic wars that target the means of production, and political wars that targe

21、t leadership and government. Netwar is therefore of particular interest to those engaged in non-military war, or those operating at sub-state level. Clearly nation states might also consider it, as an adjunct to military war or as an option prior to moving on to military war. So far, however, it app

22、ears to be of greater interest to extremist advocacy groups and terrorists. Because there are no physical limits or boundaries, netwar has been adopted by groups who operate across great distances or transnationally. The growth of such groups, and their growing powers in relation to those of nation

23、states, suggests an evolving power-based relationship for both. Military strategist Martin Van Creveld has suggested that war in the future is more likely to be waged between such groups and states rather than between states and states. Most modern adversaries of nation states in the realm of low in

24、tensity conflict, such as international terrorists, single-issue extremists and ethnic and religious extremists are organized in networks, although their leadership may sometimes be hierarchical. Law enforcement and security agencies therefore often have difficulty in engaging in low intensity confl

25、ict against such networks because they are ill suited to cio so. Their doctrine, training and modus operandi have, all too often, been predicated on combating a hierarchy of command, like their own. Only now are low-intensity conflict and terrorism recognized as “strategic“ threats to nation states,

26、 and countries which until very recently thought that terrorism was something that happened elsewhere, have become victims themselves. The Tokyo subway attack by the Aum Shinriko and the Oklahoma City bombing would have been unthinkable a generation ago, and not only was the civil population unprepa

27、red, but also law enforcement. And this despite clear warning signs that such attacks were in the offing. The potential for physical conflict to be replaced by attacks on information infrastructures has caused states to rethink their concepts of warfare, threats and national assets, at a time when i

28、nformation is recognized as a national asset. The adoption of new information technologies and the use of new communication media, such as the Internet, create vulnerabilities that can be exploited by individuals, organizations and states. 17 Which of the following is a major feature of the new terr

29、orism? （ A） It obtains financial support from foreign powers. （ B） It focuses on military targets of the enemy states. （ C） It tends to be organized in a hierarchical manner. （ D） It may choose important civilian targets to attack. 18 Netwar should be understood as a war aimed at _. （ A） disrupting

30、the enemys communication systems （ B） damaging the institutions of the enemy state （ C） manipulating the enemys means of production （ D） destroying the leadership of the enemy state 19 We can infer from the passage that _. （ A） traditional terrorism was mainly driven by religious fervor （ B） ideolog

31、ical differences will continue to be a cause of terrorism （ C） attacks from small terrorist groups will increasing （ D） the high-tech weapons will greatly facilitate terrorist attacks 20 The best title of the passage is _. （ A） ICT： A New Weapon for Terrorism （ B） Netwar: An Unfamiliar Form of Warfa

32、re （ C） Internet: A Vulnerable Target of Extremists （ D） New Terrorism: A Real Threat to the World 21 The main difficulty the police have in combating terrorist groups is _. （ A） their poor equipment （ B） the insufficiency of budget （ C） their obsolete way of command （ D） the transnational nature of

33、 the new terrorism 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 22 The U.S. Constitution provides that the_shall be President of the Senate. （ A） Vice President （ B） Secretary of State （ C） Senate

34、 Majority Leader （ D） Senate Minority Leader 23 _is defined as a lyric poem comprising 14 rhyming lines of equal length. （ A） Ode （ B） Free verse （ C） Epic （ D） Sonnet 24 In 1608, French explorer, Samuel de Champlain established his habitation in （ A） Montreal. （ B） Ottawa. （ C） Quebec. （ D） Toronto

35、. 25 The seat of the U.S. government in Washington D,C is known as the_. （ A） Capital （ B） White House （ C） Empire State Building （ D） Pentagon 26 The first Europeans known to have reached New Zealand were from_. （ A） England （ B） Holland （ C） Spain （ D） Italy 27 _ was invented by Dr. Zamenhof. （ A）

36、 TG grammar （ B） Esperanto （ C） Grimms Law （ D） CP 28 Easter is celebrated to remember _. （ A） the discovery of America （ B） the annexation of Hawaii （ C） the resurrection of Jesus （ D） the birth of Jesus Christ 29 It is in the year of _ that Columbus discovered the New World. （ A） 1592 （ B） 1492 （

37、C） 1591 （ D） 1491 30 Americas most important food crop is _. （ A） wheat （ B） rice （ C） corn （ D） oats 31 Which of the following had the title “the Wizard of Menlo Park“ ? （ A） Thomas Alva Edison. （ B） John Stevens. （ C） Charlie Chaplin. （ D） Robert Fulton. 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING even her colleagues

38、 thought so when she started the project 20 years ago. But for her 【 M3】_ painstaking measurements Rubin has learned something important about galaxies: they spin so fast they have to fly apart. Since galaxies do not seem 【 M4】_ to be shedding stars the way like a rotating lawn sprinkler shed water;

39、 【 M5】 _ moreover, something must be holding the stars in. That something has to be 【 M6】_ gravity, no other force is powerful enough on a galactic scale. And where 【 M7】_ there is gravity, there is mass. Rubin realized that a huge reservoir Of extra materials, invisible to her telescope, must be tu

40、cked away somewhere in each 【 M8】_ galaxy. We cannot see this matter it is invisible to all our detectors. But this “dark matter“ seems to make up at least 90 percent of the mass of the universe, Large because of Rubias work, dark matter has become the buzzword in 【 M9】_ Astronomy. Her work has stir

41、red Such ferment that observers are desperate to 【 M10】_ find some way of seeing dark matter and theorists are desperate to find an explanation of what it is swarms of unknown elementary particles, for instance, hidden armadas of Jupiter-like planets. 32 【 M1】 33 【 M2】 34 【 M3】 35 【 M4】 36 【 M5】 37

42、【 M6】 38 【 M7】 39 【 M8】 40 【 M9】 41 【 M10】 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 42 书是我的恩师。贫穷剥夺了我童年的幸福，把我关在学校大门的外面，是书本敞开它宽厚的胸脯，接纳了我，给我以慷慨的哺育。没有书，就没有我的今天。 也许我早就委身于沟壑。书是我的良友。它给我一把金钥匙，诱导我打开浅短的视界、愚昧的头脑、闭塞的心灵，它从不吝惜对我帮助。书是我青春期的恋人，中年的知己，暮年的伴侣，有了它，我就不再愁 寂寞，不再怕人情

43、冷暖，世态炎凉。它使我成为精神世界的富翁。 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 43 Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are eng

44、aged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle field of that war. We have come to dedicate a pgr tion of the field, as a final resting place for those who gave their lives that that nation might live.

45、It is alto gether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate-we can not consecrate -we can not hallow -this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little n

46、ote, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have that for so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us

47、 - that from these honoured dead we take increased devotion to the cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom-and that government of the people, f

48、or the people, by the people shall not perish from the earth. 三、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 44 In many cities and all over the world, there is a serious shortage of water supplies. What are the causes of and solutions to the sc

49、arcity of water resource? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or