[外语类试卷]2006年中国科学院考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2006年中国科学院考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The problem is that most local authorities lack the _ to deal sensibly in this market. （ A） anticipation （ B） perception （ C） prospect （ D） expertise 2 Awards provide a(n) _ for young people to improve their skills. （ A） incentive （ B） initiativ

2、e （ C） fugitive （ D） captive 3 The profit motive is inherently _ with principles of fairness and equity. （ A） in line （ B） in trade （ C） at times （ D） at odds 4 Oil is derived from the _ of microscopic sea creatures, and is even older, according to most geologists. （ A） layouts （ B） reminders （ C） r

3、emains （ D） leftovers 5 Successful students sometimes become so _ with grades that they never enjoy their school years. （ A） passionate （ B） involved （ C） immersed （ D） obsessed 6 Apparently there were _ between police reports taken from the same witnesses at different times. （ A） distortions （ B） d

4、iscrepancies （ C） disorders （ D） distractions 7 It had been a terrible afternoon for Jane, _ at about six oclock in her fathers sudden collapse into unconsciousness. （ A） converging （ B） culminating （ C） finalizing （ D） releasing 8 The 12-year-old civil war had _ 1.5 million lives. （ A） declared （ B

5、） proclaimed （ C） claimed （ D） asserted 9 The tribe has agreed to contribute 2 percent of net _ to charitable activities in the county. （ A） expenses （ B） revenues （ C） budgets （ D） payments 10 This will make schools mole directly and effectively _ to parents, and more responsive to their criticisms

6、 and wishes. （ A） accountable （ B） submitted （ C） subjected （ D） available 11 Make up your mind that whatever the short-term temptations may be, you will never _ from the highest standards of honor. （ A） deviate （ B） escape （ C） derive （ D） refrain 12 They teach the vocabulary of the English used in

7、 computer science, which is also listed _ in the glossary. （ A） in sum （ B） in total （ C） in general （ D） in full 13 This brings a feeling of emptiness that can never be filled and leaves us with a _ for more. （ A） scarcity （ B） command （ C） hunger （ D） request 14 Job fairs are usually very lively a

8、nd informal, and you can roam _, surveying what is on offer and gathering literature on jobs you might not have considered in the everyday run of things. （ A） at peace （ B） at leisure （ C） at rest （ D） at speed 15 The closest _ to English and Welsh grammar schools are called grammar secondary school

9、s; they can, however, accept some fee-paying pupils. （ A） equality （ B） equation （ C） equivalent （ D） equity 16 At first the university refused to purchase the telescope, but this decision was _ revised. （ A） consecutively （ B） consequently （ C） successively （ D） subsequently 17 He _ us as consisten

10、tly fair and accurate about the issues we are concerned about. （ A） confuses （ B） regards （ C） strikes （ D） knocks 18 The water was so clear that it _ the trees on the river bank. （ A） shadowed （ B） shaded （ C） represented （ D） reflected 19 Some 121 countries may be designated “developing“, and of t

11、his 121, seventeen countries _ more than four-fifths of energy consumption. （ A） amount to （ B） account for （ C） add up （ D） take away 20 The researchers found the age at which young people first fall _ to bullies seems to determine how much it affects them. （ A） sacrifice （ B） short （ C） witness （

12、D） victim 二、 Cloze 20 Given the choice between spending an evening with friends and taking extra time for his school-work, Andy Klise admits he would probably【 21】 for the latter. Its not that he doesnt like to have fun; Its just that his desire to excel【 22】 drives his decision-making process. A 20

13、01 graduate of Wooster High School and now a senior biology major at The College of Wooster, Klise acknowledges that he may someday have【 23】 thoughts about his decision to limit the time he has spent【 24】 , but for now, he is comfortable with the choices he has made. “If things had not【 25】 out as

14、well as they have, I would have had some regrets,“ says Klise, who was a Phi Beta Kappa inductee as a junior. “But spending the extra time studying has been well worth the【 26】 . I realized early on that to be successful, I had to make certain【 27】 .“ 【 28】 the origin of his intense motivation, Klis

15、e notes that it has been part of his makeup for as long as he can remember. “Ive always been goal【 29】 ,“ he says. “This internal drive has caused me to give my all【 30】 pretty much everything I do.“ Klise【 31】 Woosters nationally recognized Independent Study (I. S. ) program with preparing him for

16、his next【 32】 in life: a research position with the National Institute of Health (NIH). “I am hoping that my I.S. experience will help me【 33】 a research position with NIH,“ says Klise. “The yearlong program gives students a chance to work with some of the nations【 34】 scientists while making the【 3

17、5】 from undergraduate to graduate studies or a career in the medical field.“ （ A） intend （ B） prefer （ C） opt （ D） search （ A） academically （ B） professionally （ C） socially （ D） technically （ A） different （ B） certain （ C） second （ D） other （ A） entertaining （ B） socializing （ C） enjoying （ D） spor

18、ting （ A） developed （ B） appeared （ C） occurred （ D） worked （ A） investment （ B） reward （ C） payment （ D） compensation （ A） devotions （ B） concessions （ C） sacrifices （ D） attempts （ A） Besides （ B） As for （ C） Out of （ D） Despite （ A） directed （ B） oriented （ C） conducted （ D） guided （ A） about （ B

19、） with （ C） at （ D） in （ A） credits （ B） registers （ C） selects （ D） observes （ A） run （ B） step （ C） pace （ D） leap （ A） hold （ B） occupy （ C） anchor （ D） and （ A） leading （ B） advanced （ C） nominated （ D） marvelous （ A） achievement （ B） transition （ C） position （ D） vocation 三、 Reading Comprehensi

20、on 35 Shes cute, no question. Symmetrical features, flawless skin, looks to be 22 years oldentering any meat-market bar, a woman lucky enough to have this face would turn enough heads to stir a breeze. But when Victor Johnston points and clicks, the face on his computer screen changes into a state o

21、f superheated, crystallized beauty. “You can see it. Its just so extraordinary,“ says Johnston, a professor of biopsychology at New Mexico State University who sounds a little in love with his creation. The transformation from pretty woman to knee-weakening babe is all the more amazing because the c

22、hanges wrought by Johnstons software are, objectively speaking, quite subtle. He created the original face by digitally averaging 16 randomly selected female Caucasian faces. The changing program then exaggerated the ways in which female faces differ from male faces, creating, in human-beauty-scienc

23、e field, a “hyper-female“. The eyes grew a bit larger, the nose narrowed slightly and the lips plumped. These are shifts of just a few millimeters, but experiments in this country and Scotland are suggesting that both males and females find “feminized“ versions of averaged faces more beautiful. John

24、ston hatched this little movie as part of his ongoing study into why human beings find some people attractive and others homely. He may not have any rock-solid answers yet, but he is far from alone in attempting to apply scientific inquiry to so ambiguous a subject. Around the world, researchers are

25、 marching into territory formerly staked out by poets and painters to uncover the under-pinnings of human attractiveness. The research results so far are surprisingand humbling. Numerous studies indicate that human beauty may not be simply in the eye of the beholder or an arbitrary cultural artifact

26、. It may be ancient and universal, wrought through ages of evolution that rewarded reproductive winners and killed off losers. If beauty is not truth, it may be health and fertility: Halle Berrys flawless skin may fascinate moviegoers because, at some deep level, it persuades us that she is parasite

27、-free. Human attractiveness research is a relatively young and certainly contentious fieldthe allure of hyper-females, for example, is still hotly debatedbut those on its front lines agree on one point: We wont conquer “looks-ism“ until we understand its source. As psychologist Nancy Etcoff puts it:

28、 “The idea that beauty is unimportant or a cultural construct is the real beauty myth. We have to understand beauty, or we will always be enslaved by it.“ 36 The woman described in the very beginning of the text is _. （ A） in fact in her late twenties （ B） Johnstons ideal girlfriend （ C） a stunning

29、beauty （ D） is a professional prostitute 37 Victor Johnston synthesized a new face by combining the features of 16 _. （ A） beautiful European women （ B） different women around the world （ C） casually chosen white women （ D） ordinary western women 38 Through a few tiny changes made by Johnston, the s

30、ynthesized face became even more _. （ A） masculine （ B） average （ C） feminine （ D） neutral 39 Victor Johnston has produced such an attractive face in order to _. （ A） give his computer a beautiful screen （ B） study the myth of human attractiveness （ C） prove the human capacity to create beauties （ D

31、） understand why Caucasian faces are special 40 Paragraph 4 suggests that human beauty may be _. （ A） culturally different （ B） a disease-free idol （ C） individual-dependent （ D） a world agreed value 41 Its a consensus among the researchers that humans are still unconscious of _. （ A） why they look

32、attractive （ B） when attractiveness is important （ C） how powerful beauty is （ D） what constitutes beauty 41 Its becoming something of a joke along the Maine-Canada border. So many busloads of retired people crisscross the line looking for affordable drugs that the roadside stands should advertise,

33、“Lobsters. Blueberries. Lipitor. Coumalin.“ Except, of course, that such a market in prescription drugs would be illegal. These senior long-distance shopping strees fall in a legal gray zone. But as long as people cross the border with prescriptions from a physician and have them filled for no more

34、than a three-month supply for personal use, customs and other federal officials leave them alone. The trip might be tiring, but people can save an average of 60 percent on the cost of their prescription drugs. For some, thats the difference between taking the drugs or doing without. “The last bus tr

35、ip I was on six months ago had 25 seniors,“ says Chellie Pingree, former Maine state senator and now president of Common Cause. “Those 25 people saved $19.000 on their supplies of drugs.“ Pingree sponsored Maine RX, which authorizes a discounted price on drugs for Maine residents who lack insurance

36、coverage. The law was challenged by drug companies but recently upheld by the U. S. Supreme Court. It hasnt yet taken effect. Figuring out ways to spend less on prescription drugs has become a multifaceted national movement of consumers, largely senior citizens. The prescription drug bill in America

37、 is $160 billion annually, and people over 65 fill five times as many prescriptions as working Americans on average. “But they do it on health benefits that are half as good and on incomes that are half as large,“ says Richard Evans, senior analyst at Sanford C. Bernstein, an investment research fir

38、m. Whats more, seniors account for 20 percent of the voting public. Its little wonder that the May 19 Supreme Court ruling got the attention of drug manufacturers and politicians across the country. The often-over-looked state of 1.3 million tucked in the northeast corner of the country became David

39、 to the pharmaceutical industrys Goliath. The face-off began three years ago when state legislators like Pingree began questioning why Maines elderly population had to take all those bus trips. 42 The elderly Americans cross the Maine-Canada border in order to get drags that are _. （ A） sold wholesa

40、le （ B） over the counter （ C） less expensive （ D） tax-free 43 We can learn from the second paragraph that _. （ A） people can buy as many drugs for personal use （ B） the cross-border drug shopping has been out of the federal control （ C） Chellie Pingree used to be one of the cross-border shoppers for

41、 drugs （ D） the cross-border shopping is the only way for some Americans to get drugs 44 Maine RX mentioned in Paragraph Two is a _. （ A） bill （ B） drug company （ C） customs office （ D） seniors society 45 Most cross-border shoppers are retired people, rather than working Americans, because the forme

42、r _. （ A） have more leisure time （ B） fill more prescriptions （ C） mostly enjoy long trips （ D） are fond of street shopping 46 Politicians were interested in the May 19 Supreme Court ruling because _. （ A） they couldnt improve the well-being of the elderly （ B） they couldnt afford to ignore the elde

43、rlys votes （ C） they saw the elderly as the greatest contributors （ D） they saw the elderly as deserving a special care 47 David and Goliath are names used to describe a situation in which _. （ A） the two groups are evenly matched in strength （ B） a more powerful group is fighting a less powerful gr

44、oup （ C） a less powerful group is fighting a more powerful group （ D） both of the two groups are losers 47 Its navel gazing time again, that stretch of the year when many of us turn our attention inward and think about how we can improve the way we live our lives. But as we embark on this annual rit

45、ual of introspection, we would do well to ask ourselves a simple question: Does it really do any good? The poet Theodore Roethke had some insight into the matter: “Self-contemplation is a curse that makes an old confusion worse.“ As a psychologist, I think Roethke had a point, one thats supported by

46、 a growing body of controlled psychological studies. In a study I conducted with Dolores Kraft, a clinical psychologist, and Dana Dunn, a social psychologist, people in one group were asked to list the reasons their relationship with a romantic partner was going the way it was, and then rate how sat

47、isfied they were with the relationship. People in another group were asked to rate their satisfaction without any analysis; they just gave their gut reactions. It might seem that the people who thought about the specifics would be best at figuring out how they really felt, and that their satisfactio

48、n ratings would thus do the best job of predicting the outcome of their relationships. In fact, we found the reverse. It was the people in the “gut feeling“ group whose ratings predicted whether they were still dating their partner several months later. As for the navel gazers, their satisfaction ra

49、tings did not predict the outcome of their relationships at all. Rather, too much analysis can confuse people about how they really feel. Self-reflection is especially problematic when we are feeling down. Research by Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, a clinical psychologist at Yale University, shows that when people are depressed, ruminating on their problems makes things worse. For years it was believed tha