ASTM C1492-2003 Standard Specification for Concrete Roof Tile《混凝土屋面瓦的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: C 1492 03Standard Specification forConcrete Roof Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1492; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indic

2、ates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers concrete tiles intended for theuse as roof covering where durability and appearance arerequired to provide a weather-resistant surface

3、of specifieddesign.1.2 Tiles are manufactured from portland cement, water,and mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of othermaterials.1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacturing by molding,pressing, or extrusion. The shaping method can be used todescribe the tile.1.4 Other constituents, suc

4、h as chemical and mineral admix-tures established as suitable for use in concrete, shall conformto ASTM standard specifications where applicable, or shall beshown by tests or experience not to be detrimental to thedurability of concrete.1.5 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangularshapes

5、available in a variety of cross-sectional areas profiles,shapes, sizes, surface textures, and colors.NOTE 1Concrete roof tiles covered by this specification are madefrom lightweight or normal weight aggregates, or both.NOTE 2When particular features are desired, such as color, surfacetexture for app

6、earance, or other special features, such properties should bespecified by the purchaser. However. the local sellers should be consultedas to the availability of concrete roof tile having a desired feature.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.2. Referenced Docum

7、ents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates2C 67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay Tile3C 90 Specification for Loadbearing Concrete MasonryUnits3C 140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing ConcreteMasonry Units and Related Units3C 150 Specification

8、for Portland Cement4C 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-crete2C 331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Con-crete Masonry Units2C 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcrete2C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements4C 618 Specification for Coal

9、 Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture inConcrete2C 979 Specification for Pigments for Integrally ColoredConcrete2C 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-FurnaceSlag for Use in Concrete and Mortars2C 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement43.

10、Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe following terms are used in connec-tion with concrete roof tiles:3.2 batten lugsprotrusions on the underside of the tiledesigned to engage over the upper edge of tiling battens.3.3 head lapdistance of overlap measured from the up-permost course to the point that it laps

11、 over the undermostcourse.3.4 high profile tiletile with a rise to width ratio greaterthan 1:5.3.5 interlocking tiletiles with a system of ribs or groovesenabling the lateral joining of adjacent tiles in the samehorizontal row, with the overlapping lock covering the under-lapping lock.3.6 lengthmaxi

12、mum overall dimension of the tile mea-sured parallel to the water course.3.7 low profile tiletile with a rise equal to or less than12in.3.8 medium profile tiletile with a rise greater than12 in.and a rise-to-width ratio of less than or equal to 1:5.3.9 nail holesmall opening passing partially or tot

13、allythrough the tile to allow the penetration of a nail or screw forthe purpose of fastening the tile to a support.3.10 non-interlocking tiletiles that butt at the sides with-out lapping adjacent tiles.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units a

14、nd is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.06 on Roofing Tile.Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originallypublished in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C 149201.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.4Annu

15、al Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.11 nose lugsprotrusion on the underside of the nose ofeach tile, contoured to fit into the main water courses of the tileimmediately below, inhibi

16、ting the entry of wind-driven rain.3.12 profilecontour of the top surface of the tile whenviewed from the nose end.3.13 risevertical distance from the underside of the battenlug to the highest point of the surface profile.3.14 side lapcontinuous longitudinal overlap of a tile onits neighbor.3.15 thi

17、cknessany vertical measurement of the cross sec-tion of the tiles excluding the lapping area, nose lugs, andweather checks.3.16 weather checksprotrusions below the tile designed torestrict the flow of water between two consecutive courses oftiles.3.17 widthmaximum overall dimension of the tile mea-s

18、ured perpendicular to the length or water channel3.18 water coursevalley portion of a profiled tile alongwhich water drains.4. Classification4.1 Concrete roof tiles manufactured in accordance with thisspecification are of the following types:4.1.1 Type IHigh Profile Tile.4.1.2 Type IIMedium Profile

19、Tile.4.1.3 Type IIILow Profile Tile.4.1.4 Type IVAccessory Tile, shall include those tile suchas ridge, rake, hip, and valley tile used in conjunction withthose tile listed in 4.1.1-4.1.3.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Cementitious materials shall conform to the followingapplicable ASTM specificati

20、ons.5.1.1 Portland CementSpecification C 150.5.1.2 Modified Portland CementSpecification C 90.5.1.3 Blended CementSpecification C 595.5.1.4 PozzolansSpecification C 618.5.1.5 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace SlagSpecification C 989.5.1.6 Performance Specification C 1157.5.2 Aggregates such as normal

21、weight and lightweight shallconform to the following ASTM specifications, except thatgrading requirements do not apply.5.2.1 Normal Weight AggregatesSpecification C 33.5.2.2 Lightweight AggregatesSpecification C 331.5.3 Admixturesshall conform to the following applicablespecifications.5.3.1 Air-Entr

22、ained AdmixturesSpecification C 260.5.3.2 PigmentsSpecification C 979.5.3.3 Other AdmixturesSpecification C 494/C 494M.6. Standard Methods of Sampling Concrete Tile6.1 Tile sampling shall be appropriate for one of thefollowing three purposes:6.1.1 Resolution of quality disputes.6.1.2 Third party cer

23、tification.6.1.3 Production or job shipment verification.6.2 Tile sampling for the purpose listed in 6.1 shall be takenaccording to Table 1. To be rated as in compliance with thisstandard, the indicated number of tile sampled in accordancewith Table 1 must pass the specified test.6.2.1 In the event

24、of a failure in any of the specified testsindicated in Table 1, a second set of specimens shall be takenand tested in accordance with the criteria listed in Table 2.6.2.2 Provided that the number of failures in the re-testsample are less than the maximum allowed in Table 2, the lotshall be rated as

25、being in compliance with this specification.6.3 Sampling ProcedureBuyer and seller shall agree onthe method of sampling prior to shipment. The randomsampling method shall be used.7. Standard Methods of Testing Concrete Roof Tiles7.1 The following tests are required on concrete roof tiles:7.1.1 Dimen

26、sional Tolerances.7.1.2 Freeze Thaw (see 7.3.1).7.1.3 Transverse Strength.7.1.4 Permeability.7.1.5 Water Absorption.7.2 Testing for Dimensional Tolerances and Weight:7.2.1 DimensionsThe total variation in dimensions oftiles (length, width, and height), when measured in accordancewith Test Methods C

27、140, shall not be more than 65 % fromthe manufacturers designated dimensions.7.2.2 WeightThe total variation in weight of tiles, whenmeasured in accordance with Test Methods C 140 and Table 1of this specification, shall not be more than 65 % from thenominal weight specified by the supplier.7.3 Freez

28、ing and ThawingTiles shall be subjected to 50cycles of freezing and thawing of Test Methods C 67 asmodified in 7.3.4.TABLE 1 Physical Testing CriteriaNOTENumber of tile to be sampled and tested for determiningcompliance with this specification (see 6.2).Job Production VerificationTestQualityDisputeR

29、esolutionThirdPartyCertificationUp to250 000 TileOver250 000 TileDimensional 5 5 5 5Transverse 3 5 3 5Permeability 3 3 3 5Water Absorption 3 3 3 5Freeze Thaw 5 5 Annual Test Annual TestTABLE 2 Retest CriteriaNOTE 1Retest criteria of the specific test that failed (see 6.2.1).NOTE 2If 250 000 tiles we

30、re in the lot, then 32 specimens would betaken for the retest of the specific test that failed. If 3 or less of the 32specimens failed, the lot would be rated as passing; however, if 4 or moreof the 32 specimens failed, the lot would have failed the specific test.Number of Tilein the LotNumber ofSpe

31、cimensMaximum Number ofFailures Allowedfor AcceptanceLess than 151 3 01513200 13 1320035 000 20 235 001500 000 32 3Over 500 000 50 5C14920327.3.1 A lot shall be rated as passing without repeating afreezing and thawing test provided that a previous lot made bythe supplier from similar materials, by t

32、he same productionplant, and within the previous 12 months, passed the test, andprovided also that a sample of five tiles selected from the lothas an average and individual minimum transverse strength notless than the previously tested sample and has average andindividual maximum water absorption no

33、t greater than those ofthe previously tested sample.7.3.2 Only tile passing freeze-thaw testing shall be installedin areas subjected to weathering indices of 50 or greater and lottags or certification that the lot of tile has passed the freeze-thaw testing accompanies the lot. See Fig. 1 for weather

34、ingindices map.7.3.3 Tile not tested for freeze-thaw shall state clearly thatthe lot has not been tested for freeze-thaw acceptance on all lottags or certification.7.3.4 Modify Test Methods C 67 procedure for freezing andthawing as follows:7.3.4.1 The test specimens shall consist of five whole tile.

35、7.3.4.2 The freezing trays and containers shall be of suffi-cient size and depth to allow the tiles to be completelysubmerged in water when placed horizontally.7.3.4.3 The tile shall be completely submerged in waterwhen the trays are placed in the freezing chamber.7.3.4.4 Tile shall be tested indivi

36、dually or shall be stackedon top of each other in the tray, provided that spacers of at least14 in. (6 mm) thick are used between adjacent tile and that thetotal stack is completely submerged.NOTE 3A large capacity freezer is generally necessary to accomplishfreezing in the manner specified in Test

37、Methods C 67 for trays containingmore than one tile. It is permitted to use custom trays to enclose the tile(s)and minimize the volume of water required to completely submerge thetile(s).7.3.5 Tile is considered to have passed the freezing andthawing test if, at the completion of 50 cycles, all spec

38、imensremain unbroken and no individual specimen loses more than1 % of original dry weight.7.4 Transverse Strength:7.4.1 ApparatusThe transverse breaking strength of tilesshall be determined as described in the Modulus of Rupture(Flexural Test) in Test Methods C 67 except as modified in7.4.2-7.4.9.7.

39、4.2 Five tiles shall be tested wet after a 24-h submersionin water at a temperature of 75 6 10F (24 6 6C) or five tilesshall be tested dry after heating in a ventilated oven for 24 h ata temperature of 230 to 239F (100 to 115C).7.4.3 Tiles shall be considered to comply with this specifi-cation if th

40、ey comply with either the wet or dry transversestrength required. The choice of method, wet or dry, shall bemutually agreed upon between specifier and supplier.7.4.4 The span for the test shall be 12 in. (30.5 cm) 65%or23 the length of the tile, whichever is greater. The span ismeasured between the

41、centers of the lower support members(see Fig. 2).7.4.4.1 It is permitted to use a shorter span than required by7.4.4 when the length of the tile to be tested, or the installedunsupported span of the tile, is not sufficient to allow a 12 in.(30.5 cm) span to be used. In that case a shorter span, not

42、lessthan23 of the length of the tile, or the total length of the longestunsupported span as installed, whichever is less, shall be used.7.4.5 The tile shall be tested in a three-point bending modein a horizontal plane with the bottom surface of the tile restingon two lower support members and with t

43、he load being appliedto the upper (exposed) surface of the tile by a third membermoving in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the tile andat mid-span (that is, equidistant from each of the lower supportFIG. 1 Weathering Indices in the United StatesC1492033members). A schematic of the assembly

44、 for testing a typical“S” tile is shown in Fig. 2.7.4.5.1 The two support members and the loading membershall each be of metal or hardwood with 1 in. (25 mm) 65%wide faces. The faces shall be shaped (see Note 4) to closelyconform to the profile of the surface of the tile upon which theybear during t

45、he test (the profile can, therefore, be different foreach member depending on the profile and cross-sectionalshape of the tile). The total height of the support members shallnot be more than 1 in. (25 mm) greater than the rise of theprofile. If hardwood, they should be backed up with steelbearing pl

46、ates at least12 in. (13 mm) thick. A rubber shim strip316 in. (4.8 mm) 6 10 % thick of hardness no greater thanshore durometer 30 (A scale), and 1 in. (25 mm) 65 % wide,shall be placed between the faces of the support and loadingmembers and the surface of the tile.NOTE 4The intent of the defined loa

47、ding system is (1) to apply thebending force with a loading member that pushes against as much of theprofiled surface of the tile as practical, (2) to support the tile on membersthat support as much of the profiled surface of the tile as is practical, and(3) to ensure that the contact area of both t

48、he loading and support membersis equally distributed on either side of the tiles centerline in the longdirection to avoid nonsymmetrical loading.For tile with complex profiles and cross sections but with flat bearingsurfaces that are at least 50 % of the width of the tile and that are alsoequally di

49、stributed on either side of the length centerline, use flat supportand loading members to perform this test, provided that they otherwisecomply with the requirements of 7.4.4.1-7.4.5.1. When sufficient flatbearing surfaces do not exist, use wood blocks of appropriate thicknessand profile and 1 in. (25 mm) wide to provide a surface that will permitload application using a flat loading member that otherwise meets therequirements of 7.4.4.1-7.4.5.1, and causes the load to be applied to atleast 50 % of the width of the tile and