ASTM C1272-2011a Standard Specification for Heavy Vehicular Paving Brick《重型车辆铺路砖的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: C1272 11aStandard Specification forHeavy Vehicular Paving Brick1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1272; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe

2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use as apaving material in areas with a high volume of heavy vehiculartraffic. The units are designed for u

3、se in such places as streets,commercial driveways, and aircraft taxiways. These units arenot intended for applications covered by Specifications C410or C902.1.2 Units are manufactured from clay, shale, or similarnaturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heattreatment at elevated tempe

4、ratures (firing). The heat treatmentmust develop sufficient fired bond between the particulateconstituents to provide the strength and durability requirementsof this specification (see Terminology C1232).1.3 Brick may be shaped during manufacture by extruding,molding, or pressing. Brick may have spa

5、cing lugs, chamferededges, or both.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C67 Tes

6、t Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC88 Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use ofSodium Sulfate or Magnesium SulfateC410 Specification for Industrial Floor BrickC418 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete bySandblastingC902 Specification for Pedestrian an

7、d Light Traffic PavingBrickC1232 Terminology of MasonryE303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Prop-erties Using the British Pendulum Tester3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this specification are definedin Terminology C1232.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1

8、 heavy vehicular traffchigh volume of heavy ve-hicles representing trucks or combination vehicles having 3 ormore loaded axles.3.2.1.1 DiscussionHigh volume is considered to be trafficover 251 daily equivalent single axle loads (ESAL).4. Classification4.1 TypesHeavy vehicular paving brick are classi

9、fied bytype according to their intended installation:4.1.1 Type RBrick intended to be set in a mortar settingbed supported by an adequate concrete base; or an asphaltsetting bed supported by an adequate asphalt or concrete base.4.1.2 Type FBrick intended to be set in a sand setting bed,with sand joi

10、nts, and supported by an adequate base.4.2 ApplicationsHeavy vehicular paving brick are classi-fied by application according to their dimensional tolerances,warpage, and extent of chips.4.2.1 Application PSPavers intended for general use.4.2.2 Application PXPavers intended for use where ahigher degr

11、ee of precision and a lower permissible variation indimensional tolerances and warpage are required than forApplication PS.4.2.3 Application PAPavers intended to produce charac-teristic architectural effects resulting from nonuniformity insize, color, and texture.5. Physical Properties5.1 Freeze Tha

12、w ResistanceUse one of the followingmethods:5.1.1 Physical Property RequirementsThe brick shallconform to the physical requirements for the type specified asprescribed in Table 1.5.1.2 Freezing and Thawing AlternativeThe cold waterabsorption requirements specified in 5.1.1 shall not be requiredprovi

13、ded a sample of five brick, meeting all other requirements,1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published Decemb

14、er 2011. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C1272 11. DOI:10.1520/C1272-11a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the s

15、tandards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.passes the 50 cycle freezing-and-thawing test in Test MethodsC67 with

16、 not greater than 0.5 % loss in dry weight of anyindividual unit.NOTE 1The provisions of 5.1.2 are specified only as an alternativewhen the sample does not conform to the requirements for cold waterabsorption prescribed in Table 1.5.1.2.1 Sulfate Soundness Test AlternativeThe cold waterabsorption re

17、quirements specified in 5.1.1 shall not be requiredif a representative sample of five brick survives 15 cycles of thesulfate soundness test in accordance with Sections 4, 5, and 8of Test Method C88 with no visible damage.NOTE 2The sulfate soundness test is an optional substitute test for thefreezing

18、-and-thawing test (5.1.2).5.1.3 Performance AlternativeIf information on the per-formance over time of similar units in a similar applicationwith similar exposure and traffic is furnished by the manufac-turer or the manufacturers agent and is found acceptable to thespecifier of the pavement material

19、 or the specifiers agent, thephysical requirements in 5.1.1 or the size requirements in 7.2shall not be required.5.2 Abrasion ResistanceEach individual brick tested shallmeet the requirements of either the Abrasion Index column orthe Volume Abrasion Loss column of Table 2.5.2.1 Abrasion IndexThe abr

20、asion index is calculatedfrom the cold absorption in percent and the compressivestrength in pounds per square inch as follows:abrasion index 5100 3 absorptioncompressive strength(1)5.2.1.1 The compressive strength shall be determined onhalf-brick, which are the full height (no less than 214 in. (57m

21、m) and width of the unit, and with a length equal to one halfthe full length of the unit (614 in. (66 mm) for eachdimension). For abrasion index testing purposes, the brick shallbe without core holes, frogs or other perforations. Other shapedspecimens may be used provided that a correlation is estab

22、-lished with the results of the specified shape and the results areconverted to be equivalent to those that would be obtained withthe specified shape.5.2.1.2 In those cases where the height requirements fordetermining compressive strength cannot be met, the abrasionresistance should be determined ac

23、cording to the volumeabrasion loss method.5.2.2 Volume Abrasion LossThe volume abrasion lossshould be determined in accordance with Test Method C418,with the following changes in procedure:5.2.2.1 The sand shall be a natural silica sand from Ottawa,IL, graded to pass a No. 50 (300-m) sieve and retai

24、ned on aNo. 100 (150-m) sieve.5.2.2.2 The test shall be run on dry brick.5.2.2.3 The duration of the test shall be 2 min.5.2.2.4 The rate of sand flow shall be 400 g/min.5.2.2.5 The volume loss shall be determined by filling theabraded depression with modeling clay, striking off level withthe origin

25、al surface of the brick, and removing and weighingthe modeling clay. The volume loss shall be calculated from thebulk density of the modeling clay. The bulk density should bedetermined on each lot of modeling clay. An alternativemethod of determining the weight of clay used in filling thesandblast c

26、avity is to determine the weight of the modelingclay sample before and after filling the cavity.5.3 Skid ResistanceWhen specified, the units shall betested for skid resistance in accordance with Test MethodE303.5.4 CoringThe brick shall be without core holes or otherperforations.5.5 Chips or CracksT

27、he brick shall be free of chips orcracks larger than those listed in this specification that wouldsignificantly impair the performance of the system.6. Efflorescence6.1 When specified, the units shall be tested for efflores-cence in accordance with Test Methods C67. The units shall besampled at the

28、place of manufacture.7. Dimensions and Permissible Variations7.1 The size of the brick shall be as specified by thepurchaser.7.2 The minimum specified thickness of the unit depends onthe Type and shall be as follows:7.2.1 Type R214 in. (57.2 mm).7.2.2 Type F258 in. (66.7 mm).7.3 ChamfersWhen units w

29、ith chamfers are specified bythe purchaser, the dimensions required in 7.2 are exclusive ofchamfers.7.4 LugsWhen units with lugs are specified by the pur-chaser, the size of the brick and its associated dimensionaltolerances shall include the lugs.7.4.1 Lugs on units used in segmental paving applica

30、tionsshall not exceed18 in. (3.2 mm), unless otherwise specified.Lugs on units designed for use in permeable unit pavingsystems are permitted to exceed this value to achieve requiredwater infiltration.NOTE 3Lugs are used as spacers when units are placed in usage.Manufacturers have the option of maki

31、ng brick with lugs in differentlocations. When the pavers are placed such that the lugs are directlyopposed to each other, the dimension measurement shall include bothlugs. When the pavers are placed in a manner where the lugs are offset, orTABLE 1 Physical RequirementsTypeMinimum Compressive Streng

32、th, GrossArea, psi (MPa)Minimum Breaking Load,lb/in. (kN/mm)Maximum Cold WaterAbsorption, %Avg. of 5 Brick Individual Avg. of 5 Brick Individual Avg. of 5 Brick IndividualR 8000 (55.2) 7000 (48.3) . . . . . . 6.0 7.0F 10 000 (69.0) 8800 (60.7) 475 (83) 333 (58) 6.0 7.0TABLE 2 Abrasion RequirementsAT

33、ype Abrasion Index, max Volume Abrasion Loss,max, cm3/cm2R and F 0.11 1.7ASee 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 for additional information.C1272 11a2when lugs are only on one side of the unit, the dimension measurementshall include one lug only.7.5 In the sample of units, no unit shall depart from thespecified size b

34、y more than the individual tolerance for theapplication specified as prescribed in Table 3. Type F pavingbrick shall conform to Application PX only.7.6 Tolerances for warpage of surfaces or edges intended tobe exposed in use from a plane surface and from a straight line,respectively, shall not excee

35、d the maximum for the applicationspecified as prescribed in Table 4. Type F paving brick shallconform to Application PX only.8. Finish and Appearance8.1 If brick having a particular color, color range, or textureare desired, these features shall be specified separately by thepurchaser. The texture o

36、f the finished face shall conform to anapproved sample consisting of not less than four brick, eachrepresenting the texture desired. The color range shall beindicated by the approved sample.8.2 Other than chips, the brick shall be free of cracks orother imperfections detracting from the appearance o

37、f a des-ignated sample when viewed from a distance of 20 ft (6 m). Ifbrick having a particular color, color range, or texture aredesired, these features shall be specified separately by thepurchaser. The texture of the finished face shall conform to anapproved sample consisting of not less than four

38、 brick, eachrepresenting the texture desired. The color range shall beindicated by the approved sample.8.3 The parts of the brick that will be exposed in place shallbe free of chips that exceed the limits given in Table 5. Thecumulative length of chips on the exposed face of a single unitshall not e

39、xceed 10 % of the perimeter of the exposed face ofthe brick.8.4 A delivery shall contain not more than 5 % brick that donot meet the combined requirements of Tables 3-5, includingbroken brick.8.5 After brick are placed in usage, the requirements forchippage and tolerances do not apply in determining

40、 compli-ance with this specification.9. Sampling and Testing9.1 The brick shall be sampled and tested in accordancewith applicable sections in Test Methods C67.9.2 The manufacturer or the seller shall furnish specimensfor tests. The place or places of selection shall be designatedwhen the purchase o

41、rder is placed.NOTE 4Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost oftests is typically borne as follows: If the results of the tests show that thebrick do not conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost istypically borne by the seller. If the results of the tests show t

42、hat the brickdo conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost is typicallyborne by the purchaser.10. Keywords10.1 brick; fired masonry units; pavement surfacesSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C1272 11

43、)that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 1, 2011.)(1) Select sections within the standard were renamed inaccordance with the ASTM Form and Style Standards manual.(2) The description of Application PX in 4.2.2 was revised torelate to Application PS.(3) Subsection 7.3 was divided into

44、 sections on chamfers andlugs; larger lugs in permeable paving systems were permitted.Committee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1272 10) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Aug. 1, 2011.)(1) A new subsection 8.5 on how to dea

45、l with requirementsafter placed in usage was added.TABLE 3 Tolerances on DimensionsDimension, in. (mm) Permissible Variation, max, 6in. (6mm)Application PS Application PX Application PA3 (76) and under18 (3.2)116 (1.6) no limitOver 3 to 5 (76 to 127)316 (4.7)332 (2.4) no limitOver 5 to 8 (127 to 203

46、)14 (6.4)18 (3.2) no limitOver 8 (203)516 (7.9)732 (5.6) no limitTABLE 4 Tolerances on WarpageSpecified Dimension, in.(mm)Permissible Warpage, max, in. (mm)Application PS Application PX Application PA8 (203) and under332 (2.4)116 (1.6) no limitOver 8 (203) to 12 (305)18 (3.2)332 (2.4) no limitOver 1

47、2 (305) to 16 (406)532 (4.0)18 (3.2) no limitTABLE 5 Maximum Permissible Extent of Chippage from Edgesand CornersApplication Chippage, in. (mm) in fromEdge CornerPS and PX516 (7.9)12 (12.7)PA no limit no limitC1272 11a3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights

48、 asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any ti

49、me by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on St