ASTM B949-2008 Standard Specification for General Requirements for Zinc and Zinc Alloy Products《一般要求的锌及锌合金产品的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: B 949 08Standard Specification forGeneral Requirements for Zinc and Zinc Alloy Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 949; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi

2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes general requirements, un-less otherwise specified in the specific product specification,for orderi

3、ng information, marking, and sampling for chemicalanalysis common to zinc and zinc alloy products and shallapply to Specifications B6, B69, B86, B 240, B 327, B 418,B 750, B 792, B 793, B 833, B 852, B 860, B 892, B 894,B 897, B 907, and B 943 to the extent referenced therein.1.2 Although this speci

4、fication establishes general require-ments, it does not restrict that, by agreement between customerand supplier, these requirements may be altered by a customerto suit individual need.1.3 The chemical composition, physical and mechanicalproperties, and all other requirements not included in thisspe

5、cification shall be prescribed in the product specification.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard. This applies except wher

6、e SIunits only are specified.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to become familiarwith all hazards including those identified in the appropriateMaterial Data Sheet (MSDS) for t

7、his product/material asprovided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safetyand health practices, and determine the applicability of regu-latory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B6 Specification for ZincB69 Specification for Rolled ZincB86 Specification for

8、 Zinc and Zinc-Aluminum (ZA)AlloyFoundry and Die CastingsB 240 Specification for Zinc and Zinc-Aluminum (ZA)Alloys in Ingot Form for Foundry and Die CastingsB 327 Specification for Master Alloys Used in Making ZincDie Casting AlloysB 418 Specification for Cast and Wrought Galvanic ZincAnodesB 750 Sp

9、ecification for GALFAN (Zinc-5 % Aluminum-Mischmetal) Alloy in Ingot Form for Hot-Dip CoatingsB 792 Specification for Zinc Alloys in Ingot Form for SlushCastingB 793 Specification for Zinc Casting Alloy Ingot for SheetMetal Forming Dies and Plastic Injection MoldsB 833 Specification for Zinc and Zin

10、c Alloy Wire forThermal Spraying (Metallizing) for the Corrosion Protec-tion of SteelB 852 Specification for Continuous Galvanizing Grade(CGG) ZincAlloys for Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Sheet SteelB 860 Specification for Zinc Master Alloys for Use in HotDip GalvanizingB 892 Specification for ACuZinc5 (Zi

11、nc-Copper-Aluminum) Alloy in Ingot Form for Die CastingsB 894 Specification for ACuZinc5 (Zinc-Copper-Aluminum) Alloy Die CastingsB 897 Specification for the Configuration of Zinc and ZincAlloy Jumbo and Block IngotB 899 Terminology Relating to Non-ferrous Metals andAlloysB 907 Specification for Zin

12、c, Tin and Cadmium Base Al-loys Used as SoldersB 908 Practice for the Use of Color Codes for Zinc CastingAlloy IngotB 914 Practice for Color Codes on Zinc and Zinc AlloyIngot for Use in Hot-Dip Galvanizing of SteelB 943 Specification for Zinc and Tin Alloy Wire Used inThermal Spraying for Electronic

13、 ApplicationsE55 Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals andAlloys for Determination of Chemical CompositionE88 Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloysin Cast Form for Determination of Chemical Composition1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 onNonfer

14、rous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB02.04 on Zinc and Cadmium.Current edition approved May 15, 2008. Published May 2008. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as B 949 - 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.as

15、tm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E 634 Pr

16、actice for Sampling of Zinc and Zinc Alloys forOptical Emission Spectrometric Analysis3. Terminology3.1 For terms related to non-ferrous metals and alloys, referto Terminology B 899.4. Ordering Information4.1 Where applicable include the following minimum infor-mation when placing orders for zinc an

17、d zinc alloy productsunder this specification:4.1.1 ASTM designation and latest year of issue (seeScope),4.1.2 Quantity (weight),4.1.3 Alloy or grade, or both, (when applicable),4.1.4 Size,4.1.4.1 For zinc metal and alloy ingot, if not the manufac-turers standard,:a) Zinc metal slabs varying in weig

18、ht from 40 to 60 lb (18 to27 kg) are all considered standard slabs.b) Zinc metal may also be ordered in jumbos, blocks,anodes, or other shapes (as per Specification B 897).4.1.4.2 For castings and other zinc alloy products, see thespecific product specification for size requirement information.4.1.5

19、 Delivery schedule,4.1.6 Marking (Section 10),4.1.7 Whether certification is required (Section 9),4.1.8 Appearancethe product shall be reasonably freefrom surface corrosion and adhering foreign matter, and4.1.9 Source inspection must be specified at the time oforder (Section 7).4.2 Additional orderi

20、ng information for specific zinc andzinc alloy products:4.2.1 There may be additional information required whenordering specific products. These may be found in the productspecifications listed in 2.1 (Specifications B6through B 897and B 907 and B 943).4.3 Specifications for material may be altered

21、by agreementbetween customer and supplier to suit individual need. If theagreed upon chemistry falls outside the limits of the appropri-ate standard, then the material does not meet all requirementsof the standard.5. Chemical Requirements5.1 Final product (ingots, slabs, jumbos, etc.) shall conformt

22、o the chemical composition requirements prescribed in theapplicable product specification (see 2.1: Specifications B6through B 897, B 907, and B 943).5.2 Conformance shall be determined by the manufacturerby analyzing samples taken at the time the final product ispoured or samples taken from the ing

23、ots.5.2.1 If the producer has determined the chemical compo-sition of the metal during the course of manufacture, he shallnot be required to sample and analyze the finished product.5.2.2 Method of AnalysisAt the discretion of the producer,the determination of chemical composition shall be made inacc

24、ordance with suitable spectrochemical or chemical meth-ods.6. Sampling for Determination of Chemical Composition6.1 Samples for Spectrochemical and Other Methods ofAnalysisSamples for spectrochemical and other methods ofanalysis shall be suitable for the form of material beinganalyzed and the type o

25、f analytical method used.6.2 Sampling During Production of Ingots, Slabs, Blocks orJumbos, and Wrought Products:6.2.1 Sampling During CastingSamples may be takenfrom the pour during the casting of zinc and zinc alloys.6.2.1.1 Samples for spectrochemical methods may be castas pins or discs in accorda

26、nce with Practice E 634 for spectro-chemical analyses or may be cast in a form or by a method theproducer has determined will generate a homogeneous andrepresentative sample.6.2.1.2 The producer should determine the sampling regi-men that will efficiently result in samples that are representa-tive o

27、f the product. As a suggested minimum, at least twosamples sets shall be taken for batches of 25 tons (22.7 mTons)or less. At least three sample sets shall be taken for batches upto 150 tons (136 mTons). The average chemical analyses shallbe determined from these samples. Unless otherwise agreed int

28、he contact or purchase order, sampling procedure will be themanufacturers choice.6.2.2 Samples held at the producers plant shall be retainedfor not less than 90 days.6.3 Sampling of Ingot, Slabs, or Blocks and Jumbos andWrought Product in the Event of a Dispute or if the Alloy is atthe Customers Pla

29、ntThe sample for chemical analysis shallbe taken based on the form of the product.6.3.1 Ingot, Slabs, or Product in an Easily SampledFormIf the alloy is in the form of standard ingots, slabs, etc.at the customers plant, the sample for chemical analysis shallbe taken in accordance with 6.3.1.1 throug

30、h 6.3.1.6, inclusive.6.3.1.1 Selection of PortionA portion representative ofthe total shipment or order shall be selected at random for thefinal sample. The portion preferably shall be taken duringloading or unloading. Not less than five ingots shall be taken atrandom from each car or truckload of t

31、he same alloy forsampling. Each heat in the shipment shall be represented. If theshipment is less than a carload lot, one sample ingot shall betaken for each 10 000 lb (4540 kg) or fraction thereof. When itis deemed necessary, a sample may be taken from each melt of1000 lb (454 kg) or more.6.3.1.2 P

32、reparation of SampleThe product shall becleaned thoroughly to rid the surface of extraneous material.Then the samples for chemical analysis shall be taken bysawing, milling, or drilling in such a manner as to berepresentative of the average cross section of the ingot. Theweight of a prepared sample

33、shall be not less than 300 g.6.3.1.3 The saw drill, or cutter used for taking the sampleshall be thoroughly cleaned. No lubricant shall be used in theoperation, and the sawings or metal chips shall be carefullytreated with a magnet to remove any particles or iron intro-duced in taking the sample.NOT

34、E 1Sampling by sawing is not recommended for Special HighGrade zinc because complete removal of the final traces of adventitiousiron from sawings is difficult.B9490826.3.1.4 DrillingTwo holes shall be drilled, preferablyfrom the bottom or brand side of each ingot or slab, at twopoints located along

35、one diagonal of the slab so that each pointis halfway between the center and one extremity of thediagonal. If two holes from each ingot or slab do not yield theweight of sample prescribed in 6.3.1.6, a third hole shall bedrilled at the center of each. Each hole shall be boredcompletely through, care

36、 being taken to avoid starting the drillin a depression and to adjust the feed to give drillings 0.010 to0.020 in. (0.25 to 0.51 mm) in thickness. The drill usedpreferably shall be non-ferrous tipped (such as carbide, Ti-N,etc.) The diameter of the drill shall be12 in. (12.7 mm) forSpecial High Grad

37、e zinc, and shall be516 in. (7.9 mm) for othergrades of zinc. The drillings shall be broken or cut with cleanshears into pieces not over12 in. in length and mixedthoroughly.6.3.1.5 SawingUsing, preferably, a heat treated high-speed steel saw, make two cuts completely across and throughthe ingot or s

38、lab from one long side to the other. Each cut shallbe approximately halfway between the center and each end.The width of the saw cut shall be sufficient to give the weightof sample prescribed in 6.3.1.6, and cuttings from all the slabsshall be mixed thoroughly to form a uniform sample.6.3.1.6 Size o

39、f Sample and StorageThe prepared sampleshall weigh at least 1600 g for Special High Grade zinc, and atleast 300 g for other grades of zinc and zinc alloys. Theproperly mixed sample shall be split into three equal parts,each of which shall be placed in a sealed package, one for themanufacturer, one f

40、or the purchaser, and one for a referee, ifnecessary. Tight, leak-proof, paper sample envelopes or card-board cartons may be used to hold the sample.6.3.2 An optional method of sampling for analysis may beby melting together the representative portions selected andthen sampling the liquid composite

41、by casting suitable speci-mens for either spectrographic or chemical analysis.6.3.2.1 Care must be taken to ensure that the melt is stirred,homogenous, and representative, since it is possible to alter thecomposition during remelting.6.3.3 Samples for chemical analysis may also be in the formof a se

42、parately cast spectrographic disc specimen taken fromthe same pour used to cast the product.6.3.4 Sampling of Blocks or JumbosRepresentativesamples cannot be obtained from large castings (except forremelting the entire ingot in a separate furnace and then takinga sample) because of the potential for

43、 segregation. Therefore,alloy cast in block form shall be sampled from the pour.6.3.4.1 Sampling of Blocks or Jumbos for NominalCompositionDrillings taken from the sides of blocks orjumbos may be used to differentiate alloys, however, as notedin 6.3.4 there is no guarantee of obtaining a representat

44、ivesample for conformance determination.6.3.5 Sampling Wrought Product:6.3.5.1 The sampling plan for zinc for purposes of chemicalanalysis or mechanical property testing shall be designed suchthat any lot of finished product may be adequately described bythe results of the tests performed on the sam

45、ples. Lot or portionsize shall be as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.6.3.5.2 In general, the steps for sampling wrought productare similar to those for ingot, slab and castings described in6.3.1.1-6.3.1.6.6.3.5.3 Matters of sampling and sample preparation ofwrought product not covered by

46、this specification shall be inaccordance with Practice E55.6.4 Sampling of Zinc Alloy Ingots for Routine Testing,Nominal Quality, Non-Dispute SituationsIt is a commonpractice to select a sample portion from a single ingot forquality and conformance checking.6.4.1 In these instances the portion shoul

47、d be cut from asection that is approximately halfway between the center andeach end, and avoiding any cast notches, by making two cutscompletely across and through the ingot or slab from one longside to the other.6.4.2 The sample prepared from this portion by milling ordrilling should be from the cu

48、t faces and be representative ofthe average cross section of the ingot.6.4.3 It is also common practice after appropriate surfacepreparation to use the cut face directly for spectrochemicalanalysis. In this instance it is important to perform a sufficientnumber of repetitive tests to ensure that the

49、 results representthe average cross section of the ingot. It should be noted thatthis gives results that only represent the ingot from which theslice is derived and further it does not produce, nor will it yieldresults that are equivalent to samples produced in accordancewith Practice E 634.6.4.4 When sampling in this way for routine quality checks,it should be noted that sampling only one ingot may not berepresentative of the entire batch.6.5 Sampling of Final Product Castings:6.5.1 When a detailed chemical analysis is required with ashipment, is shall be called