ASTM A407-2018 Standard Specification for Steel Wire Cold-Drawn for Coiled-Type Springs《卷簧用冷拔钢丝标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: A407 18Standard Specification forSteel Wire, Cold-Drawn, for Coiled-Type Springs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A407; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu

2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers round, cold-drawn, steel springwire having properties and quality intended for the manufac-ture of the followi

3、ng types of upholstery springs:1.1.1 Type ACoiled (Marshall pack),1.1.2 Type BCoiled and knotted,1.1.3 Type CCoiled and knotted (offset style),1.1.4 Type DCoiled and hooked (single and crosshelicals),1.1.5 Type ECoiled and hooked (short tensionregulartensile strength),1.1.6 Type FCoiled and hooked (

4、short tensionhightensile strength),1.1.7 Type GRegular lacing,1.1.8 Type HAutomatic lacing,1.1.9 Type IZig-zag (U-formed),1.1.10 Type JSquare-formed, and1.1.11 Type KSinuous for furniture spring units.1.2 These types of upholstery springs are used in themanufacture of automotive seat springs, furnit

5、ure springs, bedspring units, mattresses, furniture cushions, and automobileseats. This wire is not intended for the manufacture ofmechanical springs.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that

6、are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-menda

7、tions issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methodsfor Steel Products for ShipmentA941 Termin

8、ology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, RelatedAlloys, and FerroalloysE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 AIAG Standard:AIAG B-10 Trading Partner Labels Implementation Guide-lines33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of term

9、s used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology A941.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information for each ordered item:4.1.1 Quantity (weight),4.1.2 Name of material (name of specific type required)(Section 1 and Table 1),4.1.3 Dia

10、meter (Table 2),4.1.4 Packaging, marking, and loading (Section 14), and4.1.5 ASTM designation and date of issue.4.2 The purchaser shall have the option to specify additionalrequirements, including but not limited to:4.2.1 Requirements for certifications, heat analysis, or testreports, (see Sections

11、6 and 13),4.2.2 Special packing, marking, and loading requirements(see Section 14),4.2.3 Other special requirements, if any.NOTE 1Atypical ordering description is as follows: 50 000 lb 15 000kg, cold-drawn upholstery spring wire Type B for coiling and knotting,1This specification is under the jurisd

12、iction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.Current edition approved March 1, 2018. Published April 2018. Originallyapproved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as A407 07 (2013).DOI

13、: 10.1520/A0407-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Automotive Industry Action

14、 Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033-7100, www.aiag.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was develop

15、ed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1size 0.080 in. 2.0 mm

16、, 1500-lb 700 kg coils on tubular carriers toASTM A407XX.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The steel shall be made by any commercially acceptedsteelmaking process.5.2 The finished wire shall be free from injurious piping andundue segregation.5.3 The wire shall be cold-drawn to produce the desiredmecha

17、nical properties.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Upholstery spring wire for coiled-type springs is cus-tomarily produced within the chemical ranges shown below.Chemical composition and processing may vary depending onthe gauge of wire and specific use.Carbon, % 0.45 to 0.70AManganese, %, 0.60 to 1.20APho

18、sphorus, max, % 0.040Sulfur, max, % 0.050AIn any lot in which all the wire is of the same size and type, and submitted forinspection at the same time, the carbon content shall not vary more than 0.20 %,and the manganese content shall not vary more than 0.30 %.6.2 An analysis of each heat shall be ma

19、de by the producerto determine the percentage of elements specified above. Theanalysis shall be made from a test sample preferably takenduring the pouring of the heat. The chemical composition thusdetermined shall be reported to the purchaser or his represen-tative upon request.7. Mechanical Propert

20、ies7.1 Tension Test:7.1.1 RequirementsThe material as represented by tensiontest specimens shall conform to the requirements prescribed inTable 1 for the various sizes and specified types.7.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach ten coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each hea

21、t in a givenlot shall be tested.7.1.3 Location of TestsIt is permissible for test specimensto be taken from either end of the coil.7.1.4 Test MethodThe tension test shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.7.2 Wrap Test:7.2.1 RequirementsThe wire for zig-zag-type and forsqua

22、re-formed-type springs for automobile seat and backspring units, except that for coiled-type springs Type A(Marshall pack), shall wrap on itself as an arbor withoutTABLE 1 Tensile Strength RequirementsADiameter,in. mmWireGaugeTensile Strength, ksi MPamin maxType A, Marshall Pack0.048 1.22 18 255 176

23、0 295 20300.054 1.37 17 250 1720 290 20000.062 1.57 16 250 1720 290 20000.072 1.83 15 240 1660 280 19300.080 2.03 14 230 1590 270 18600.092 2.34 13 225 1550 265 18300.106 2.69 12 220 1520 260 1800Type B, Coiled and Knotted0.062 1.57 16 235 1620 270 18600.072 1.83 15 230 1590 265 18300.080 2.03 14 22

24、5 1550 260 18000.092 2.34 13 215 1480 250 17200.106 2.69 12 205 1410 235 16200.120 3.05 11 195 1340 225 15500.135 3.43 10 190 1310 220 15200.148 3.76 9 185 1280 215 14800.162 4.11 8 180 1240 210 1450Type C, Coiled and Knotted (Offset Type)0.072 1.83 15 215 1480 245 16900.080 2.03 14 210 1450 240 166

25、00.092 2.34 13 200 1380 230 15900.106 2.69 12 195 1340 225 1550Type D, Coiled and Hooked (Cross Helicals)0.048 1.22 18 215 1480 255 17600.054 1.37 17 210 1450 250 17200.062 1.57 16 210 1450 250 1720Type E, Coiled and Hooked (Short Tension, Regular Tensile Strength)0.080 2.03 14 200 1380 240 16600.09

26、2 2.34 13 200 1380 240 16600.106 2.69 12 195 1340 235 1620Type F, Coiled and Hooked (Short Tension, High Tensile Strength)0.080 2.03 14 225 1550 260 18000.092 2.34 13 220 1520 255 17600.106 2.69 12 215 1480 250 1720Type G, Regular Lacing Wire0.041 1.04 19 235 1620 275 19000.048 1.22 18 230 1590 270

27、18600.054 1.37 17 225 1550 265 18300.062 1.57 16 225 1550 265 1830Type H, Automatic Lacing Wire0.041 1.04 19 250 1720 290 20000.048 1.22 18 245 1690 285 19600.054 1.37 17 240 1660 280 19300.062 1.57 16 235 1620 275 1900Type I, Zig-Zag Type Automobile Seat and Back Spring UnitsClass I Class II0.092 2

28、.34 13 220 1520 250 1720 230 1590 260 18000.106 2.69 12 215 1480 245 1690 225 1550 255 17600.120 3.05 11 210 1450 240 1660 215 1480 245 16900.135 3.43 10 205 1410 235 1620 210 1450 240 16600.148 3.76 9 200 1380 230 1590 205 1410 235 16200.162 4.11 8 190 1310 220 1520 200 1380 230 1590Type J, Square-

29、Formed Type Automobile Seat and Back Spring UnitsClass I Class II0.092 2.34 13 215 1480 245 1690 225 1550 255 17600.106 2.69 12 210 1450 240 1660 220 1520 250 17200.120 3.05 11 205 1410 235 1620 215 1480 245 16900.135 3.43 10 200 1380 230 1590 210 1450 240 16600.148 3.76 9 190 1310 220 1520 200 1380

30、 230 15900.162 4.11 8 180 1240 210 1450 190 1310 220 1520Type K, Sinuous Type Furniture Spring Units0.092 2.34 13 235 1620 270 18600.106 2.69 12 235 1620 265 18300.120 3.05 11 230 1590 260 18000.135 3.43 10 225 1550 255 17600.148 3.76 9 220 1520 250 17200.162 4.11 8 215 1480 245 16900.177 4.50 7 210

31、 1450 240 16600.192 4.88 6 207 1430 237 1630ATensile strength requirement for diameters not shown in this table shall conformto that shown for the next larger diameter (for example, for diameter 0.128 in.3.25 mm the requirement shall be the same as for 0.135 in. 3.42 mm).TABLE 2 Permissible Variatio

32、ns in Wire DiameterADiameter, in. mm Variations, plus andminus, in. mmPermissible Out-of-Round, in. mmSizes finer than 0.076 1.93 0.001 0.02 0.001 0.02Sizes 0.076 to 0.192 1.93 to 4.88,incl0.002 0.05 0.002 0.05AFor purposes of determining conformance with this specification, all specifiedlimits are

33、absolute as defined in Practice E29.A407 182breakage. The wire for sinuous-type furniture spring units shallwrap on a mandrel twice the diameter of the wire withoutbreakage.7.2.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach ten coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a givenlot

34、 shall be tested.7.2.3 Location of TestsIt is permissible for test specimensto be taken from either end of the coil.7.2.4 Test MethodThe wrap test shall be made in accor-dance with Annex IV of Test Methods and Definitions A370.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations8.1 The diameter of the wire shal

35、l not vary from thatspecified by more than the tolerances specified in Table 2.9. Workmanship9.1 Surface ConditionThe surface of the wire as receivedshall be smooth and have a uniform finish suitable for coilingor shaping the various types of springs. No serious die marks,scratches, or seams may be

36、present.9.2 The wire shall be properly cast. To test for cast, a fewconvolutions of wire shall be cut from the coil and allowed tofall on a flat surface. The wire shall lie substantially flat onitself or shall not spring up or show a wavy condition.9.3 Each coil shall be one continuous length of wir

37、e,properly coiled. Welds made prior to cold drawing are permit-ted. Weld areas need not meet the mechanical requirements ofthis specification.10. Retests10.1 If any test specimen exhibits obvious defects or showsthe presence of a weld, it may be discarded and anotherspecimen substituted.11. Inspecti

38、on11.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchasers inspectorall reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy him that thematerial is being produced and furnished in accordance withthis specification. Mill inspection by the purchaser shall notinterfere unnecessarily with the manufacturers operations.

39、Alltests and inspections shall be made at the place of manufacture,unless otherwise agreed to.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Unless otherwise specified, any rejection based on testsmade in accordance with this specification shall be reported tothe manufacturer within a reasonable length of time.12.

40、2 Failure of any of the test specimens to comply with therequirements of this specification shall constitute grounds forrejection of the lot represented by the specimen. The lot may beresubmitted for inspection by testing every coil for the char-acteristic in which the specimen failed and sorting ou

41、t thedefective coils.12.3 The material must be adequately protected and cor-rectly identified in order that the producer may make properinvestigation.13. Certification13.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, amanufacturers or suppliers certification shall be furnished tothe purchaser t

42、hat the material was manufactured, sampled,tested, and inspected in accordance with this specification andhas been found to meet the requirements. When specified in thepurchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall befurnished.13.2 The certification shall include the specificationnum

43、ber, year date of issue, and revision letter, if any.14. Packaging, Marking, and Loading14.1 Packaging of the coils of wire shall be by agreementbetween the producer and the purchaser. This agreement shallinclude coil dimensions and weights.14.2 When specified, the packaging, marking, and loadingsha

44、ll be in accordance with Practices A700.14.3 Marking shall be by a tag securely attached to each coilof wire and shall show the identity of the producer, size of thewire, type, and ASTM specification designation.14.4 Bar CodingIn addition to the previously-stated iden-tification requirements, bar co

45、ding is acceptable as a supple-mentary identification method. Bar coding should be consistentwith AIAG B-10, Trading Partner Labels ImplementationGuidelines. The bar code may be applied to a substantiallyaffixed tag.15. Keywords15.1 coiled-type; cold-drawn; sinuous; springs; square-formed; upholster

46、y; wire; zig-zagA407 183SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(A407 07 (2013) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved March 1, 2018.)(1) Added 1.3.(2) Added Terminology A941 to list of referenced documents.(3)

47、 Replaced AIAG B-5 with AIAG B-10 in list of referenceddocuments.(4) Added Section 3 and renumbered subsequent sectionsaccordingly.(5) Removed previous 3.1.6.(6) Revised 4.1, replacing “should” with “shall.”(7) Added new 4.2 containing contents of now-removed 3.1.6(without reference to cast analysis

48、).(8) Revised Note 1 to include reference to ASTM year of issueas “XX.” and to convert inches to millimeters to the thirdsignificant digit, (2.03 mm).(9) Added “Materials” to “Material and Manufacture” sectiontitle.(10) Revised wording of 5.1 and 5.2.(11) Revised 7.1.3, 7.2.1, 7.2.3, 7.2.4, 9.2, and 14.4.(12) Revised Tables 1 and 2.(13) Added Section 13 and renumbered subsequent sectionsaccordingly.ASTM International takes no po