ASME PTB-10-2015 Guide for ASME Section VIII Division 1 Stamp Holders《ASME指南 第VIII部 第1分部 邮票持有人》.pdf

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1、Guide for ASME Section VIII Division 1 Stamp HoldersPTB-10-2015ASMEPTB-10-2015 GUIDE FOR ASME SECTION VIII DIV 1 STAMP HOLDERS USE OF ASME SECTION VIII, DIVISION 1 TO MEET THE EC PRESSURE EQUIPMENT DIRECTIVE (2014/68/EU) Prepared by: Elmar Upitis Ambitech Engineering Corporation Date of Issuance: Ju

2、ne 30, 2015 This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by ASME Pressure Technology Codes and Standards (PTCS) through the ASME Standards Technology, LLC (ASME ST-LLC). Neither ASME, the author, nor others involved in the preparation or review of this document, nor any of their respec

3、tive employees, members or persons acting on their behalf, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe

4、upon privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favoring by ASME or others involved in the preparation or review of thi

5、s document, or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of the authors, contributors and reviewers of the document expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of ASME or others involved in the preparation or review of this document, or any agency thereof. ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or

6、“endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for in

7、fringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Participation by federal agen

8、cy representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard. ASME is the registered trademark of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electron

9、ic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 ISBN No. 978-0-7918-7040-2 Copyright 2015 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All Rights Reserved PTB-10-2015: Gu

10、ide for ASME Section VIII Div 1 Stamp Holders III TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD 1 1 INTRODUCTION 2 2 THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT 3 2.1 Main Concepts of New Approach Directives 3 2.2 Terms Used in European Directives 3 3 PED OVERVIEW 4 3.1 Introduction 4 3.1.1 General 4 3.1.2 Intent . 4 3.1.3 Manufacturers . 4

11、 3.1.4 Requirements 4 3.2 General Concepts . 4 3.2.1 Scope . 5 3.2.2 Hazard Categories . 5 3.2.3 Conformity Assessment Procedures . 5 3.2.4 Notified Body . 5 3.2.5 CE Marking. 5 3.2.6 Essential Safety Requirements 6 3.3 Structure of the PED 6 4 SCOPE (ARTICLES 1, 2, AND 4 OF THE PED) . 7 4.1 Scope (

12、Article 1-1 of the PED) 7 4.2 Types of Equipment Covered (Article 2 and Article 4 of the PED) 7 4.3 PED Exclusions (Article 1-2 of the PED) 7 5 HAZARD CATEGORIES (ARTICLE 4, ARTICLE 13, ANNEX II OF THE PED) . 9 5.1 Level of Hazards in Pressure Equipment . 9 5.2 Equipment in Category 0 (Article 4-3 o

13、f the PED) 9 5.3 Equipment in Hazard Categories I to IV (Article 4-1 of the PED) 9 5.4 Vessels Not Subject to Fire or Heat (Article 4-1(a) of the PED) . 11 5.5 Vessels Subject to Fire or Heat (Article 3-1(b) of the PED) 11 5.6 Piping (Article 4-1(c) 11 5.7 Safety Accessories (Article 3-1(d), Annex l

14、l-2 of the PED) . 11 5.8 Pressure Accessories (Article 4-1(d), Annex ll-3 of the PED) . 11 5.9 Summary 12 6 CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES (ARTICLE 14, ANNEX III OF THE PED) . 13 6.1 Introduction 13 6.2 General Concept 13 6.3 Structure of the Procedures 15 6.4 Review of Conformity Assessment Modul

15、es. 16 6.4.1 Conformity Assessment Modules . 16 6.4.2 Module A: Internal Production Control 16 6.4.3 Module A2: Internal Production Control Plus Supervised Pressure Equipment Checks at Random Intervals 17 6.4.4 Module B: EU Type Examination Production Type 18 PTB-10-2015: Guide for ASME Section VIII

16、 Div 1 Stamp Holders IV 6.4.5 Module B: EU Type Examination Design Type 19 6.4.6 Module C2: Conformity to Type Based on Internal Production Control Plus Supervised Pressure Equipment Checks at Random Intervals 19 6.4.7 Module D: Conformity to Type Based on Quality Assurance of the Production Process

17、19 6.4.8 Module D1: Quality Assurance of the Production Process . 20 6.4.9 Module E: Conformity to Type Based on Pressure Equipment Quality Assurance . 21 6.4.10 Module E1: Quality Assurance of Final Pressure Equipment Inspection and Testing21 6.4.11 Module F: Conformity to Type Based on Pressure Eq

18、uipment Verification 21 6.4.12 Module G: Conformity Based on Unit Verification . 22 6.4.13 Module H: Conformity Based on Full Quality Assurance 23 6.4.14 Module H1: Conformity Based on Full Quality Assurance Plus Design Examination23 6.5 Summary of Activities of Manufacturers and Notified Bodies . 2

19、4 7 ESSENTIAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS (ARTICLES 4 AND 6, ANNEX I OF THE PED) . 25 7.1 Introduction 25 7.2 General Discussion of ESR (Annex I of the PED) 25 7.2.1 Preliminary Remarks 25 7.3 Hazard Analysis (Annex I of the PED) 30 7.3.1 Identify the Hazard Due to Pressure . 30 7.3.2 Evaluation . 30 7.3.3

20、Reduction of Hazards 31 7.3.4 Informing Users 31 7.3.5 Documentation 31 8 MATERIALS (ARTICLE 15, ANNEX I OF THE PED) 32 8.1 General . 32 8.2 Materials that Comply with Harmonized Materials Standards 32 8.3 European Approval of Pressure Equipment Materials (Article 15 of the PED) 32 8.3.1 General 32

21、8.3.2 General Requirements for Obtaining European Approval (EAM) of Pressure Equipment Materials . 33 8.4 Particular Material Appraisal (Annex I-4.2c of the PED) 35 8.5 Material Certificates (Annex I-4.3 of the PED) . 35 8.6 Material Manufacturers 35 9 NOTIFIED BODIES (CHAPTER 4 OF THE PED) 36 10 CE

22、 MARKING (ARTICLE 18, ARTICLE 19, OF THE PED) . 37 11 SPECIFIC ISSUES . 38 11.1 Assemblies (Article 6, Article 12 of the PED) . 38 11.2 User Inspectorates (Article 25 of the PED) 38 11.3 Specific Cases 38 11.4 Manufacturers Responsibility . 39 11.5 Operating Instructions 40 12 COMPARISON OF ASME AND

23、 PED REQUIREMENTS 41 13 ANNEX Z, ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR APPLICATION OF ASME SECTION VIII, DIVISION 1 VESSELS WITHIN THE SCOPE OF PED 2014/68/EU, ANNEX I 65 References . 79 APPENDIX A: Glossary of Terms Used in New Approach Directives . 80 APPENDIX B: Contents of the PED 82 PTB-10-2015: Guide

24、for ASME Section VIII Div 1 Stamp Holders V APPENDIX C: Flowchart for Pressure Equipment Directive (2014/68/EU) 84 APPENDIX D: PED Exclusions . 85 APPENDIX E: Graphs for Hazard Categories 86 APPENDIX F: Manufacturers and Notified Bodies 95 APPENDIX G: Declaration of Conformity 99 APPENDIX H: Respons

25、ibilities of the Manufacturer . 100 APPENDIX I: Simultaneous Application of European Directives 104 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 5-1: Hazard Category for Vessel Containing a Dangerous Gas . 10 Figure 6-1: Relation of Conformity Assessment Procedures to Hazard Categories 13 Figure 6-2: Conformity Assessmen

26、t Modules . 14 Figure 6-3: Conformity Assessment Procedures in the PED . 15 Figure 6-4: Conformity Assessment Procedure to Be Applied In Each Hazard Category 15 Figure 7-1: Allowable General Membrane Stress Values 26 Figure 7-2: Joint Efficiency Values . 27 Figure 7-3: Welding Procedure Qualificatio

27、ns and Welder Qualifications Values . 28 Figure 12-1: Comparison Of ASME Section VIII, Division 1 Requirements with PED 2014/68/EU, Annex I 41 Figure 12-2: Q1 Safety Factors For Allowable Stresses 64 Figure 12-3: Q2 Joint Efficiencies . 64 Figure 12-4: Q3 Formula for Calculating Hydrostatic Test Pre

28、ssure 64 PTB-10-2015: Guide for ASME Section VIII Div 1 Stamp Holders 1 FOREWORD This Guide is a comprehensive review of the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) and ASME Section VIII, Division 1. ASME has received requests from all over the world to provide guidance to manufacturers who have been or

29、will be impacted by the European PED. This document provides that guidance. Established in 1880, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) is a professional not-for-profit organization with more than 135,000 members and volunteers promoting the art, science, and practice of mechanical and

30、multidisciplinary engineering and allied sciences. ASME develops codes and standards that enhance public safety, and provides lifelong learning and technical exchange opportunities benefiting the engineering and technology community. Visit www.asme.org for more information. Manufacturers of Section

31、VIII pressure vessels will find this document to be a useful tool when working with a notified body toward compliance with the PED and applying the CE mark to their products. This document begins with an explanation of the European New Approach and continues with the goals of the PED and a descripti

32、on of its scope of coverage. Then, the document offers an in-depth analysis of the PED concept of hazard categories and the various combinations of conformity assessment modules that can be used for each hazard category. Each of the PED Essential Safety Requirements are then covered, including mater

33、ials, use of Notified Bodies, and requirements for CE marking. The reader is presented next with a detailed comparison of the PED with Section VIII, Division 1, followed by a modified version of Annex Z for Section VIII, Division 1. This Annex Z provides instructions regarding what additional tasks

34、must be completed to meet the administrative requirements of the PED. PTB-10-2015: Guide for ASME Section VIII Div 1 Stamp Holders 2 1 INTRODUCTION When the EC Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 97/23/CE was adopted in May 1997, it became clear that pressure equipment designed and built to standards

35、 other than European standards could carry the CE mark. This was made possible by the European New Approach, in which Essential Safety Requirements (ESR) are established in the Directives, and standards are used to support them. The PED 97/23/CE has now been substantially amended and replaced by Dir

36、ective 2014/68/EU, issued 15 May 2014. The new PED shall be applied no later than July 19, 2016, except that Article 13 shall be applied from June 1, 2015. The purpose of this ASME PED Guide is to provide analysis of the PED and compare its ESR with the design, construction, and administrative requi

37、rements of ASME Section VIII, Division 1. The PED Guide is composed of three major portions. The first portion consists of Chapters I through X, which gives an overview of the PED, provides important basic information on the entire Directive, and identifies specific issues of higher importance. The

38、next major portion is Chapters XI and XII, which provides a comparison of the PED and Section VIII, Division 1 requirements, including commentary on both, and an Annex Z for Section VIII, Division 1. Annex Z provides Section VIII Code users with instructions on how to augment their current practices

39、 to meet all ESRs of the PED. The third portion of this Guide gives a listing of approved CLAP interpretation sheets. It is intent that this Guide will form the basis for an understanding between manufacturers and Notified Bodies regarding the use of ASME Section VIII, Division 1 as the basis for co

40、mpliance with the PED. Having such a uniform approach will benefit not only manufacturers and Notified Bodies, but also users of pressure equipment. Several PED Information Resource Center websites provide the latest information on the status of European approval of materials, names, contact informa

41、tion for all Notified Bodies, and other valuable news and developments. These are: http:/ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/pressure-and-gas/documents/ped/index_en.htm http:/ec.europa.eu/growth/single-market/european-standards/harmonised-standards/pressure-equipment/index_en.htm http:/ec.europa.eu/ente

42、rprise/newapproach/nando/index.cfm?fuseaction=directive.notifiedbody however, it has the benefit of the free movement throughout the EU. 5.3 Equipment in Hazard Categories I to IV (Article 4-1 of the PED) Equipment that is above the thresholds defined in Article 4-3 of the PED is classified in Hazar

43、d Category I to IV, depending on their level of hazard. This Equipment (a) is subject to ESR (b) is subject to the Conformity Assessment Procedure (c) is subject to the Declaration of Conformity (d) must bear the CE Marking PTB-10-2015: Guide for ASME Section VIII Div 1 Stamp Holders 10 (e) has free

44、 movement throughout the EU. Hazard categories depend on the following factors. (a) Type of Equipment: Vessel (fired on unfired), Piping, Safety Accessory, Pressure Accessory. (b) Nature of Fluid: (1) Gas in the sense of the PED (Article 4-l.l(a) of the PED): gas, liquefied gas, gas dissolved under

45、pressure, vapors, etc. (2) Liquid in the sense of the PED (Article 4-l.l(b) of the PED): liquids having a vapor pressure 0.5 bar. Figure 5-1: Hazard Category for Vessel Containing a Dangerous Gas Note: Refer To Table 1 of the PED (c) Dangerousness of the fluid, which is classified into two groups (A

46、rticle 13-1(a) of the PED): (1) Group 1: Dangerous fluids (explosives, flammable, toxic, oxidizing, pyrophoric). (2) Group 2: Non-dangerous fluids (all others). (d) Operations conditions characterized by the maximum allowable pressure, PS, and the internal volume, V (for Vessels), or the nominal dia

47、meter, DN (for Piping). The hazard categories are defined in the PED by graphs (Tables 1 through 9 of Annex II of the PED). How to determine the hazard category is explained as follows for each type of Equipment. PTB-10-2015: Guide for ASME Section VIII Div 1 Stamp Holders 11 5.4 Vessels Not Subject

48、 to Fire or Heat (Article 4-1(a) of the PED) Figure 4-1 enables the determination of the Hazard Category of a vessel “not fired, nor heated with a risk of overheating” containing a dangerous gas, as a function of internal volume, V, and maximum allowable pressure, PS. NOTE: If the vessel is composed

49、 of several chambers, the determination of the Hazard Category must be performed for each chamber and the higher hazard category is to be used. The volume, V, to be used is the total internal volume of the vessel or the chamber (not the volume occupied by the fluid). Each demarcation line pertains to the lower hazard category. Three additional graphs, given by Tables 2, 3, and 4 of the PED (Annex II), cover vessels containing a (a) Non-dangerous gas (Table 2) (b) dangerous liquid (Table 3) (c) non-dangerous liquid (Table 4). 5.5 Vessels Subject to Fire or He