ASME B30 4-2010 Portal and Pedestal Cranes (B30 4 - 2010)《门座起重机和基座式起重机》.pdf

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1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B30.4-2010(Revision of ASME B30.4-2003)Portal and Pedestal CranesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKASME B30.4-2010(Revision of ASME B30.4-2003)Portal andPedestal CranesSafety Standard for Cablewa

2、ys, Cranes,Derricks,Hoists,Hooks,Jacks,andSlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDDate of Issuance: April 19, 2010The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2015. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance. There will be no addenda issued to this edition.A

3、SME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition of theStandard.ASME is

4、 the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcom

5、petent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,”

6、“rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liabili

7、ty forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal

8、 agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, wh

9、ich precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5

10、990Copyright 2010 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . vIntroduction . viiSummary of Changes xChapter 4-0 Scope, Definitions, and References 1Section 4-0.1 Scope of B30.4 1Section 4-0.2 Definitions 1Section 4-0.3 Refe

11、rences 5Chapter 4-1 Erection, Characteristics, and Construction . 6Section 4-1.1 Site Preparation and Erection 6Section 4-1.2 Load Ratings and Stability 7Section 4-1.3 Documentation . 8Section 4-1.4 Hoisting Equipment . 9Section 4-1.5 Luffing (Boom Hoist) and Trolley Equipment 10Section 4-1.6 Slewin

12、g (Swing) Mechanism . 11Section 4-1.7 Travel Equipment . 11Section 4-1.8 Brakes, General Requirements . 11Section 4-1.9 Switches and Limiting Devices 11Section 4-1.10 Boom and Jib Support Ropes 12Section 4-1.11 Reeving Accessories . 12Section 4-1.12 Counterweights . 12Section 4-1.13 Controls 12Secti

13、on 4-1.14 Electrical Equipment 13Section 4-1.15 Operators Cabs . 13Section 4-1.16 General Requirements . 14Chapter 4-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 16Section 4-2.1 Inspection 16Section 4-2.2 Testing . 17Section 4-2.3 Maintenance 17Section 4-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance .

14、 18Chapter 4-3 Operation 21Section 4-3.1 Qualification for and Conduct of Operators andOperating Practices . 21Section 4-3.2 Operating Practices . 22Section 4-3.3 Signals . 24Section 4-3.4 Miscellaneous . 24Figures4-0.2.1-1 Pedestal Crane With Luffing Boom 24-0.2.1-2 Portal Crane With Level Luffing

15、Boom 24-0.2.1-3 Portal Crane With Luffing Boom 34-1.11.4-1 Dead Ending Rope in a Socket 124-2.4.2-1 Core Failure in 19 H11547 7 Rotation-Resistant Rope 194-3.3.2-1 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Portal and Pedestal Cranes . 254-3.4.2-1 Danger Zone for Cranes and Lifted Loads Operating NearEle

16、ctrical Transmission Lines 27Table4-3.4.2-1 Required Clearance for Normal Voltage in Operation NearHigh Voltage Power Lines 28iiiFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredit

17、ed by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (formerly the United States of America Standards Institute). ThisStandard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standards forCranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presentedto th

18、e annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering Stan

19、dardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USAStandards Institute), Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engineeri

20、ng Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectiona

21、l Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October 2,1926 and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 nationalorganizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943, was createdfrom the eight-page documen

22、t referred to in the first paragraph. This document was reaffirmedin 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval Faci

23、litiesEngineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 nationalorganizations.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate standards (each complete as toconstruction and in

24、stallation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) would coverthe different types of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by the ASME and accredited by the American Nat

25、ional StandardsInstitute.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention

26、 aregiven both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or

27、permit the use ofother devices or methods but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree of protectionis thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard, administra-tive or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordance

28、with theformat described in Section III, before rendering decisions on disputed points.For the 2010 edition, B30.4 removed all references to tower cranes and revised the title. Alltower cranes were incorporated into B30.3-2009. ASME B30.4-2010 was approved by the B30Standards Committee and ASME and

29、was designated as an American National Standard onFebruary 25, 2010.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imp

30、ly that previous editions were inadequate.ivASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice Cha

31、irK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, ThyssenKrupp Steel USA, LLCW. T. Hargrove, Alternate, QinetiQ North AmericaR. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby GroupR. J. Bolen, E. I. DuPontG. B. Hetherston, Alternate, E. I. DuPontA. D. Brown, A. D. B

32、rown, Inc.M. E. Brunet, The Manitowoc Co.T. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/Liberty MutualInsuranceM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.T. L. Blanton, Alternate, NACB Group, Inc.J. P. Colletti, John P. Colletti it swings with the crane

33、.crane, standby: crane that is not in regular service butused occasionally or intermittently as required.designated person: a person selected or assigned by theemployer or the employers representative as being com-petent to perform specific duties.drum: the cylindrical member around which a rope isw

34、ound and through which power is transmitted to theropes.ASME B30.4-2010Fig. 4-0.2.1-1 Pedestal Crane With Luffing BoomPedestalLuffing boomFig. 4-0.2.1-2 Portal Crane With Level Luffing BoomPintleLuffing boomPortal2ASME B30.4-2010Fig. 4-0.2.1-3 Portal Crane With Luffing BoomLuffing boomCylindrical ga

35、ntry(with internal stairway)Portal3(10)ASME B30.4-2010dynamic loading: loads introduced into the machine orits components by forces in motion.flange point: the point of contact between the rope anddrum flange where the rope changes layers on a ropedrum.gage, track: the horizontal distance between th

36、e centerlines of the tow rails measured perpendicular to thedirection of travel.gantry: a movable structural frame consisting of columnsand bracing capable of supporting a crane with its work-ing and dynamic loads.high-strength (traction) bolts: high-strength tensile boltsused in the assembly of cra

37、ne components. The boltsare installed in tension, by torquing or other means, ata level greater than that produced by in- or out-of-serviceloads for the purpose of reducing the likelihood of boltfatigue failure.in-service: the condition of a crane ready for or engagedin work; an operator is at the c

38、ontrols.jib: an extension attached to the boom point to provideadded boom length for lifting specified loads. The jibmay be in line with the boom or offset to various angles.loadblock,lower: the assembly of sheaves, pins, and framesuspended from the boom or mounted in the load trolley.load hoist: a

39、hoist drum and rope reeving system usedfor hoisting and lowering loads.load, working: the external load applied to the crane,including the weight of load-attaching equipment, suchas load blocks, ropes, shackles, and slings.out-of-service: the condition of a crane when unloaded,without power and with

40、 the controls unattended, andprepared to endure winds above the in-service level.parking track: for rail-mounted cranes, a section of tracksupported so that it is capable of sustaining storm-induced bogie loads; it is provided with storm anchor-ages when required.pawl (dog): a device for positively

41、holding a memberagainst motion in one or more directions.pedestal: a fixed raised crane base or foundation thatmay be solid, enclosed, or framed but without a portalopening.permanent installation: a crane installation intended tolast the working life of the crane or for a period of 5 yror more befor

42、e dismantling and re-erection.pitch diameter: the diameter of a sheave or rope drummeasured at the centerline of the rope.qualified person: a person who, by possession of a recog-nized degree in an applicable field or certificate of pro-fessional standing, or who, by extensive knowledge,training, an

43、d experience, has successfully demonstratedthe ability to solve or resolve problems relating to thesubject matter and work.4radius (load): the horizontal distance from a projectionof the axis of rotation to the base of the crane tower,gantry, or pedestal, before loading, to the center of verti-cal h

44、oist line or tackle with load applied.rail clamp: a device for fastening a traveling crane to itsrails to limit wind-induced travel.remote-control station: a location, not on the crane, fromwhich the operator can control all the crane movements.rope: refers to wire rope unless otherwise specified.ro

45、tation-resistant rope: wire rope consisting of an innerlayer of strand laid in one direction covered by a layerof strand laid in the opposite direction. This has theeffect of counteracting torque by reducing the tendencyof the finished rope to rotate.service, heavy: that service that involves operat

46、ing at 85%to 100% of rated load or in excess of ten lift cycles perhour as a regular specified procedure.service life: the time, expressed as the sum of the periodsof operation, over which a stressed component can func-tion without undue risk of failure when the crane isoperated in accordance with t

47、he manufacturers instruc-tions under either light, normal, or heavy service.service, light: service that involves irregular operationwith loads generally about one-half or less of therated load.service, normal: that service that involves operating atless than 85% rated load and not more than ten lif

48、t cyclesper hour except for isolated instances.shall: indicates that the rule is mandatory and must befollowed.should: indicates that the rule is a recommendation, theadvisability of which depends on facts in each situation.standing rope (pendant): a supporting rope that maintainsa constant distance

49、 between the points of attachment tothe components connected by the rope.structural competence: the ability of the machine and itscomponents to withstand the stresses imposed byapplied rated loads.swing(slew): rotation of the superstructure for movementof loads in a horizontal direction about the axis ofrotation.switch, limit: a device that is actuated by the motion ofa part of a power-driven machine or equipment to alteror disconnect the electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic circuitassociated with the machine or equipment.ton (short): 2,000 lb.tower: a structural frame consisting of co