ASHRAE GUIDELINE 29 ADD A-2009 Guideline for the Risk Management of Public Health and Safety in Buildings《在建筑物中公共健康和安全风险管理指南》.pdf

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1、ASHRAE GUIDELINEASHRAE Addendum a toASHRAE Guideline 29-2009Approved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on October 14, 2009, and by the ASHRAE Board ofDirectors on October 24, 2009. ASHRAE Guidelines are updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the Guideline is the year of approval.The latest

2、 edition of an ASHRAE Guideline may be purchased from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 TullieCircle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada).Copyright 2009 American Society of

3、Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ISSN 1049-894XAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigeratingand Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgGuideline for theRisk Managementof Public Healthand Safety inBuildingsASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTE

4、E 20092010Steven T. Bushby, ChairH. Michael Newman, Vice-ChairRobert G. BakerMichael F. BedaHoy R. Bohanon, Jr.Kenneth W. CooperK. William DeanMartin DieryckxAllan B. FraserKatherine G. HammackNadar R. JayaramanByron W. JonesJay A. KohlerCarol E. MarriottMerle F. McBrideFrank MyersJanice C. Peterson

5、Douglas T. ReindlLawrence J. SchoenBoggarm S. SettyBodh R. SubherwalJames R. TaubyJames K. VallortWilliam F. WalterMichael W. WoodfordCraig P. WrayWayne R. ReedyBOD ExOThomas E. Watson, COStephanie Reiniche, Manager of StandardsSPECIAL NOTEThis Guideline was developed under the auspices of the Ameri

6、can Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers(ASHRAE). ASHRAE Guidelines are developed under a review process, identifying a guideline for the design, testing, application, or evaluationof a specific product, concept, or practice. As a guideline it is not definitive but encomp

7、asses areas where there may be a variety of approaches,none of which must be precisely correct. ASHRAE Guidelines are written to assist professionals in the area of concern and expertise ofASHRAEs Technical Committees and Task Groups.ASHRAE Guidelines are prepared by project committees appointed spe

8、cifically for the purpose of writing Guidelines. The projectcommittee chair and vice-chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Guideline.Development of ASHRAE Guidelines follows procedu

9、res similar to those for ASHRAE Standards except that (a) committee balance isdesired but not required, (b) an effort is made to achieve consensus but consensus is not required, (c) Guidelines are not appealable, and(d) Guidelines are not submitted to ANSI for approval.The Manager of Standards of AS

10、HRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Guideline,b. participation in the next review of the Guideline,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Guideline, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Guideline.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulg

11、ate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRA

12、Es Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing fo

13、r ratingpurposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providingother information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conf

14、ormance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Guideline Project Committee 29Cognizant TC: TG2.HVAC, Heating Ventil

15、ating and Air-Conditioning Security and thePresidential Ad Hoc Committee on Homeland SecuritySPLS Liaison: Douglas T. Reindl*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication.George O. Glavis, Chair* Andrew K. Persily*Richard P. Bielen* Jonathan Samet*William J. Coad* P

16、atrick F. Spahn*D. Scott Fisher* Lawrence G. Spielvogel*Eli P. Howard, III* Ronald P. Vallort*Stuart L. Knoop* James E. Woods*ASHRAE Addendum a to ASHRAE Guideline 29-2009 1(This foreword is not a part of this guideline. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conforma

17、nce to the guideline.)FOREWORDThis addendum to ASHRAE Guideline 29-2009, Guide-line for the Risk Management of Public Health and Safety inBuildings, has been developed to incorporate changessuggested by commenters from the first public review ofGuideline 29P. Many of these changes are included in an

18、Informative Appendix D to the published guideline, and, as aresult, the informative appendix has been deleted in itsentirety. Additional changes have been included to updatesome normative references.Note: In this addendum, changes to the current guidelineare indicated in the text by underlining (for

19、 additions) andstrikethrough (for deletions), except where some other meansof showing changes is specifically described. Revise Section 3 Definitions as follows:dedicated outdoor air: a ventilation system that delivers 100%outdoor air to each individual space in a building at flow ratesequal to or g

20、reater than required by ANSI/ASHRAE Standard62.1-20072001, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.12Revise Section 4.2.4 as follows:4.2.4 Assign a Risk Category. The risk categories for thepurpose of this guideline are as follows: CriticalAn incident that, if it occurred, would causefailure o

21、f the performance of the facility or would have amajor impact on occupant health and safety.SeriousAn incident that, if it occurred, would cause amajor disruption in the performance of the facility orwould have a significant impact on occupant health andsafety.ModerateAn incident that, if it occurre

22、d, would causesignificant disruption in the performance of the facilityor would have some impact on occupant health andsafety.MinorAn incident that, if it occurred, would causeonly a small disruption in the performance of the facil-ity; some temporary occupant discomfort might occurbut there would b

23、e no impact on occupant health andsafety.NegligibleAn incident that, if it occurred, would havelittle or no effect on the performance of the facility andno impact on occupant health and safety.ObtainConsider obtaining guidance from experts in thediverse hazards that are to be addressed in any specif

24、ic proj-ect or application so that advantage is gained of the vastknowledge that has accumulated. Risks should be quantifiedmore precisely so that appropriate cost benefit trade-offsand life-cycle analysis can be prepared to inform designdecisions and advice rendered to the ultimate decisionmaker, t

25、he engineers client.Revise Section 4.2.7 as follows:4.2.7 Develop and Evaluate Intervention. The designprofessional develops and evaluates the cost of the interven-tion (alternate solutions) that the risk category and evaluationcriteria dictate (Sections 4.2.4 and 4.2.5) and presents them tothe deci

26、sion maker. For example, where flooding is con-cerned, the design professional could develop a list of optionsto mitigate the affects of flooding, such as moving everythingto the second or third floor, installing pumps, and providinglevees and flood control gates around and within the site.Evaluatio

27、n may include cost, aesthetics, convenience, etc. SeeInformative Appendix D.Several economic evaluation meth-ods have been standardized and published by ASTM. SeeASTM Standard on Building Economics36 for guidance on theuse of economic evaluations. Revise Table 1 as follows:Update the reference to AS

28、CE/SEI Standard 7 inSection 5.4.2.2 as follows:5.4.2.2 Progressive Collapse. For Serious Risk andhigher, the design professional should avoid designs thatfacilitate or are vulnerable to progressive collapse. All newfacilities should be designed for the loss of a column for onefloor above-grade at th

29、e building perimeter without progres-sive collapse. This design and analysis requirement for pro-gressive collapse is not solely part of a blast analysis. It isintended to ensure adequate redundant load paths in the struc-ture should damage occur for whatever reason. Design profes-sionals may apply

30、static and/or dynamic methods of analysisto meet this goal. Ultimate load capacities may be assumed inthe analyses. ASCE/SEI 7-0595 Minimum Design Loads forBuildings and Other Structures,6describes progressive col-lapse and offers additional guidelines. See InformativeAppendix D.(Remainder of Sectio

31、n 5.4.2.2 remains unchanged.)Addendum a to Guideline 29-2009TABLE 1 Examples of ThreatsTypes of ThreatsNatural Accidental IntentionalCriminal TerrorismFlood Flood Arson BlastWind Fire SabotageChemical,biological, andradiological (CRB)Quake Spills Vandalism UtilityFire Cyber ElectronicInfectiousDisea

32、seHostages andkidnapping2 ASHRAE Addendum a to ASHRAE Guideline 29-2009Revise Section 5.4.2.8 as follows:5.4.2.8 Building Openings. Where there is no siteperimeter barrier and where no screening is performed at theperimeter, the exterior of the building is the first line ofdefense against a wide var

33、iety of threats, including vandal-ism, forced entry, winds, and blast.Depending on the severity of the threat, as determined bythe Threat and Risk Assessments, doors, windows, louvers,and other openings may need to be constructed of more robustmaterials than usual and be firmly anchored in the surro

34、undingconstruction. This may include forced-entry resistance andballistic resistance and often consists of construction thatenhances protection against storms and floods.Doors are especially attractive to unauthorized entry, andthe door construction and access control hardware should becommensurate

35、with the threats identified in the Threat andRisk Assessments. Doors and other openings should be able tobe secured against entry by unauthorized persons. Accesscontrol may range from ordinary mechanical locks to highlysophisticated electronic card-key and biometric identificationsystems. It is up t

36、o the decision maker to resolve conflictbetween safety and security control. Although egress shouldnot be hindered, it may not be appropriate in all conditions.(Remainder of Section 5.4.2.8 remains unchanged)Revise Section 5.4.3.4.1as follows:5.4.3.4.1 Water Supply. Water supplies for fire pro-tecti

37、on can be public, private, or a combination of both. Watersupplies are addressed in Section 5.3.4 and should be pro-tected in accordance with this section. In addition to therequirements of Section 5.3.4, for Serious Risk or higher,consideration should be given to further protection of thewater tank

38、 from possible sabotage or terrorist attack. Consid-eration should be given to providing redundant water supplysystems and to locating the water tank underground, inside thebuilding, or on top of buildings.Revise Section 5.4.3.4.2 as follows:5.4.3.4.2 Fire Pumps. Where the fire protection sys-tem pr

39、essure is not adequate, a fire pump is necessary to boostthe pressure. Fire pumps, when provided, are a critical com-ponent of the fire protection system to ensure the system willfunction as designed. Any attack on or failure of the fire pumpwill have an adverse effect on the success of fire suppres

40、sion.For All Risk Levels, fire pumps should be protected to ensurethe pump will run when needed. This should include locatingthe pump room in areas that are controlled against unauthor-ized access, ensuring that there is a reliable source of powerand backup power for electric driven pumps and an ade

41、quatefuel supply for diesel or natural gas driven fire pumps. ForCritical Risk, consider installing redundant fire pumps, onewith an electric motor-driven fire-pump controller and theother with a diesel engine-driven fire-pump controller.Revise Section 5.4.3.4.3 as follows:5.4.3.4.3 Piping/Distribut

42、ion System. An attackand breech of the system piping will lead to a failure of the fireprotection system. The incoming underground piping can beprotected by access control, but much of the piping is eitherexposed to the public or only slightly protected by ceiling tilesor finished ceilings.Valves ar

43、e also a critical component to system operation.Closing riser valves or main valves will impair all of or part ofthe sprinkler system. Riser valves are located in the sprinklerroom, which should be controlled against unauthorizedaccess. Sprinkler main valves are often exposed and visible instairwell

44、s and other public spaces.For Moderate Risk and lower, access to the sprinklersystem riser and valves should be through areas that arecontrolled against unauthorized access. This can be accom-plished by lockable doors or locating risers in areas that are notaccessible by the public. Valves should be

45、 either electricallysupervised or locked or chained open.For Serious Risk or higher, access to the sprinkler systemriser and valves should be located in areas that are monitoredby closed-circuit television (CCTV) as well as controlledagainst unauthorized access. Valves should be electricallysupervis

46、ed and locked or chained open. When the sprinklervalve room and risers are located in close proximity to areassubject to blasts, such as lobbies or loading docks, consider-ation should be given to blast hardening the space.For Critical Risk, consider providing a minimum of twosprinkler risers in eac

47、h sprinkler zone. Each sprinkler risershould supply sprinklers on alternate floors. If more than tworisers are provided for a zone, sprinklers on adjacent floorsshould not be supplied from the same riser. Also considerinstalling sprinkler risers away from exterior walls on floorsless than 6.0 m (20

48、ft) above grade, etc.Revise Section 5.4.3.4.5 as follows:5.4.3.4.5 Fire Alarm and Detection Systems. Firealarm systems consist of automatic detection of fire, smoke,and heat, manual pull stations, audio and visual notificationappliances (e.g., speakers, bells, and strobes), and intercon-nections to

49、elevators and fire suppression system components.The fire alarm and detection system is most vulnerable at thefire alarm control panel. Damaging the control panel or inter-rupting the primary and emergency power supply can disablethe entire system. For Moderate Risk or higher, Mass Noti-fication Systems should be considered.For Moderate Risk or lower, the fire alarm control panelshould be located in an area that is controlled against unau-thorized access. The power supply for the control panel shouldbe protected from attack (see Section 5.3.3).For Serious Risk o