ASHRAE 41 8-2016 Standard Methods of Measurement of Flow of Liquids in Pipes Using Orifice Flowmeters.pdf

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1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.8-2016(Supersedes ASHRAE Standard 41.8-1989)Standard Methods forLiquid Flow MeasurementApproved by ASHRAE on May 31, 2016, and by the American National Standards Institute on June 1, 2016.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following th

2、e Standard number is the year ofASHRAE approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org)or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worl

3、dwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprintpermission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2016 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus is defin

4、edby the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as“substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority,but not necessari

5、ly unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation. ASHRAE obtains consensus through particip

6、ation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee mem

7、bers may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the contents of this S

8、tandard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of avail

9、able information and acceptedindustry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systemstested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards o

10、r Guidelineswill be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, bysuggesting safe practices in designing and installing e

11、quipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other informationthat may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformanceto them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Gui

12、deline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 41Cognizant TC: 1.2, Instruments and MeasurementsSPLS Liaison: John F. DunlapRichard L. Hall*, Chair Rick He

13、iden Michael Perevozchikov*Mark Kedzierski*, Vice-Chair Lloyd Le* John P. Scott*James L. Douglas*, Secretary Alexander Leyderman* Frank J. Spevak*Kevin L. Amende* Hongmei Liang* Christopher G. Stone*Erik S. Anderson*Margaret Mathison Stephen WageB. Terry Beck* John Neel Michael Wegenka*Patrick E. Co

14、llins* Kevin B. Peck* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20152016Douglass T. Reindl, Chair Steven J. Emmerich Heather L. PlattRita M. Harrold, Vice-Chair Julie M. Ferguson David RobinJames D. Aswegan Walter T. Grondzik Peter Simm

15、ondsNiels Bidstrup Roger L. Hedrick Dennis A. StankeDonald M. Brundage Srinivas Katipamula Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.John A. Clark Rick A. Larson Jack H. ZarourWaller S. Clements Lawrence C. Markel Julia A. Keen, BOD ExOJohn F. Dunlap Arsen K. Melikov James K. Vallort, COJames W. Earley, Jr. Mark P.

16、ModeraKeith I. Emerson Cyrus H. NasseriStephanie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of Standards ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHR

17、AE Standard 41.8-2016,Standard Methods for Liquid Flow MeasurementSECTION PAGEForeword .21 Purpose.22 Scope23 Definitions .24 Classifications .25 Requirements36 Instruments .37 Liquid Flow Measurement Methods 48 Uncertainty Requirements.129 Test Report .1210 References13Informative Annex A: Bibliogr

18、aphy 14Informative Annex B: An Uncertainty Analysis Example for a Coriolis Flowmeter15Informative Annex C: An Uncertainty Analysis Example for a Differential Pressure Flowmeter .19Informative Annex D: Information Regarding Liquid Flow Measurement Uncertainties forInstallations That Do not Meet the F

19、lowmeter Manufacturers Requirements.24NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEwebsite at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2016 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered

20、trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digit

21、al form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.8-2016(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirem

22、ents for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDThe 1989 edition of Standard 41.8 was limited in scope to ori-fice flowmeters. For

23、 the 2016 edition, the scope has beenexpanded to cover the breadth of liquid flow measurementdevices used for testing heating, ventilating, air-conditioning,and refrigeration (HVAC 95% states that themeasured liquid flow is believed to be 2.538 kg/s (5.595 lbm/s)with a 95% probability that the true

24、value lies within 0.013 kg/s(0.029 lbm/s) of this value. 9. TEST REPORT9.1 Test Identificationa. Test report number if required in the test plan.b. Unit under test identification numberc. Source of liquid property datad. Date, test facility description, start time, and duration ofteste. Operator ide

25、ntificationf. Attach a copy of the test plan9.2 Liquid Flow Measurement System Descriptiona. Flow measurement equipment description, model number,and serial numberb. Calibration datec. Operating ranged. Accuracy across the operating range9.3 Ambient Test Conditionsa. Ambient temperature, C (F)b. Bar

26、ometric pressure (required if a pressure sensing deviceis referenced to atmospheric pressure; not required if apressure sensing device is referenced to absolute pressure)9.4 Test Operating Conditions if Required by theFlowmetera. Pressure of the liquid flow entering the flowmeter,kPa (psia)b. Temper

27、ature of the liquid flow entering the flowmeter,C (F)c. Differential pressure, kPa (psi)d. Pressure of the liquid flow leaving the flowmeter,kPa (psia)e. Temperature of the liquid flow leaving the flowmeter,C (F)VaK2Pa-=Va1097.8KPa-=vXmUX (P%)=XmUX ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Add

28、itional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.8-2016 139.5 Test Results9.5.1 Liquid mass flow rate unless otherwise specified bythe test plan in Section 5.1:a. Liquid mass flow rat

29、e, kg/s (lbm/s)b. Uncertainty in liquid mass flow rate, kg/s (lbm/s)9.5.2 Volumetric liquid flow if specified by the test plan inSection 5.1:a. Volumetric liquid flow, m3/s (ft3/s)b. Uncertainty in volumetric liquid flow, m3/s (ft3/s)10. REFERENCES1. ASHRAE. 2013. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.1, Stan-dar

30、d Methods for Temperature Measurement. Atlanta:ASHRAE.2. ASHRAE. 2014. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.3, Stan-dard Methods for Pressure Measurement. Atlanta:ASHRAE. See Note 2.3. ASME. 2013. ANSI/ASME PTC 19.5-2004 (R2013),Flow Measurement. New York: The American Societyof Mechanical Engineers. See Note 3.

31、4. ASME. 2004. ASME MFC-3M, Measurement of FluidFlow in Pipes Using Orifice, Nozzle, and Venturi. NewYork: The American Society of Mechanical Engi-neers. See Note 3.5. ASME. 2007. MFC-3Ma, Addenda to ASME MFC-3M-2004. The American Society of Mechanical Engi-neers. See Note 3.6. ASME. 2013. ASME PTC

32、19.1, Test Uncertainty. TheAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers. Informative Notes: 1. Reference 1 is not required if there are no tempera-ture measurements.2. Reference 2 is not required if there are no pressuremeasurements.3. References 3, 4, and 5 are only required if using anorifice, flow no

33、zzle, or venturi tube flowmeter(Section 7.5.3) as the selected test method. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.14 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.8-20

34、16(This annex is not part of this standard. It is merely infor-mative and does not contain requirements necessary forconformance to the standard. It has not been processedaccording to the ANSI requirements for a standard andmay contain material that has not been subject to publicreview or a consensu

35、s process. Unresolved objectors oninformative material are not offered the right to appeal atASHRAE or ANSI.)INFORMATIVE ANNEX AINFORMATIVE REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHYA1. NIST. 2013. NIST Standard Reference Database 23:NIST Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and TransportProperties Database (REFPROP) Ver

36、sion 9.1.National Institute of Standards and Technology,Gaithersburg, MD.A2. Melinder, A. 2010. Properties of Secondary WorkingFluids for Indirect Systems. Paris: InternationalInstitute of Refrigeration (IIR).A3. ASME. 2014. ANSI/ASME MFC-11-2006 (R2014),Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Corioli

37、sMass Flowmeters. New York: American Society ofMechanical Engineers.A4. Doebelin, E.O. 1983. Measurement SystemsApplication and Design, Third Edition. New York:McGraw-Hill.A5. ASME. 2007. ANSI/ASME MFC-22, Measurement ofLiquid by Turbine Flowmeters. New York: AmericanSociety of Mechanical Engineers.

38、A6. ANSI/ASME MFC-18M-2001(R2011), Measurement ofFluid Flow Using Variable Area Meters. New York:American Society of Mechanical Engineers.A7. ASME. 2011. ANSI/ASME MFC-5.1, Measurement ofLiquid Flow in Closed Conduits Using Transit-TimeUltrasonic Flowmeters. New York: American Societyof Mechanical E

39、ngineers.A8. ASME. 2013. ANSI/ASME MFC-6, Measurement ofFluid Flow in Pipes Using Vortex Flow Meters. NewYork: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.A9. ASME. 2014. ANSI/ASME MFC-16, Measurement ofLiquid Flow in Closed Conduits with ElectromagneticFlowmeters. New York: American Society ofMechanic

40、al Engineers.A10. ASME. 2014. ANSI/ASME MFC-12M-2006 (R2014),Measurement of Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits UsingMultiport Averaging Pitot Primary Elements. NewYork: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.A11. ASME. 1971. Fluid Meters Their Theory andApplication, Sixth Edition. Ed. H.S. Bean. New Yo

41、rk:ASME.A12. ASME. 2011. ANSI/ASME Standard MFC-10-2000(R2011), Method for Establishing Installation Effectson Flowmeters. New York: American Society ofMechanical Engineers.A13. ASHRAE. 2014. ANSI/ASHRAE Guideline 2-2010(RA2014), Engineering Analysis of ExperimentalData. Atlanta: ASHRAE.A14. ISO. 20

42、05. ISO/TR 5168, Measurement of Fluid Flow -Evaluation on Uncertainties. Geneva: InternationalOrganization for Standardization. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prio

43、r written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.8-2016 15(This annex is not part of this standard. It is merely infor-mative and does not contain requirements necessary forconformance to the standard. It has not been processedaccording to the ANSI requirements for a standard andmay contain material tha

44、t has not been subject to publicreview or a consensus process. Unresolved objectors oninformative material are not offered the right to appeal atASHRAE or ANSI.)INFORMATIVE ANNEX BAN UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS EXAMPLE FORA CORIOLIS FLOWMETERA Coriolis flowmeter is installed in accordance with the flow-met

45、er manufacturers instructions. The output electronics areconnected to a frequency meter that is read automatically by acomputer-based data acquisition system. This setup will beused to measure various water flow mass flow rates from 5%to 100% of the full-scale output. Determine the expectedmeasureme

46、nt uncertainty at 100% of the full-scale reading,and determine the worst-case uncertainty over the expectedoperating range. According to the step-by-step procedure outlined inASME PTC 19.16, Section 4.2, do the following.B1. DEFINE THE MEASUREMENT PROCESSB1.1 Review the Test Objectives and Duration.

47、 The testobjectives are clearly stated in the description above. B1.2 List All Independent Measurement Parameters andTheir Nominal Levels. The only independent measurementis the frequency output from the Coriolis flowmeter. The full-scale output of the flowmeter was set by the manufacturer to4.0 kg/

48、s (8.82 lbm/s), so the nominal flow at 5% of the rangeis 0.2 kg/s (0.44 lbm/s).B1.3 List All Calibrations and Instrumentation Setupsthat Will Effect Each Parameter. The manufacturer verifiedbasic flowmeter operation on its test facility that has a stateduncertainty (URSS) of 0.05% per ISO 5168A11. T

49、he calibra-tion data provided when the meter was initially delivered isshown in Table B-1. The calibration was a water calibrationthat uses the total weight collected at a given time period todetermine a total flow rate.Items to note from Table B-1:a. The calibration data are in terms of mass only, not massper unit time. The manufacturer states that the uncertaintyrelated to determining time in the calibration is insignifi-cant.b. Frequency output data from the meters electronics werenot provided; the manufacturer stated t