ARMY ADS-33 E-PRF-2000 HANDLING QUALITIES REQUIREMENTS FOR MILITARY ROTORCRAFT《军方旋翼机的地勤质量要求》.pdf

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1、 INCH-POUND ADS-33E-PRF 29 February 2000 CAGE Code 18876 SUPERSEDING ADS-33-D-PRF 10 May 1996 AERONAUTICAL DESIGN STANDARD PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION HANDLING QUALITIES REQUIREMENTS FOR MILITARY ROTORCRAFT AMSC N/A DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited.Provi

2、ded by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS-33E-PRFC O N T E N T SPARAGRAPH PAGEiii1. SCOPE 11.1 Scope 11.2 Application 12. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 22.1 Government documents 22.2 Specifications, standards, and handbooks 22.3 Other Government document

3、s, drawings, and publications 22.4 Non-Government publications 22.5 Order of precedence 23. REQUIREMENTS 33.1 General 33.1.1 Operational missions and Mission-Task-Elements (MTEs) 33.1.2 Required agility 33.1.3 Operational environment 33.1.4 Multi-crew rotorcraft 33.1.5 Levels of handling qualities 3

4、3.1.5.1 Predicted Levels of handling qualities 33.1.5.2 Assigned Levels of handling qualities 43.1.6 Flight envelopes 43.1.6.1 Operational Flight Envelopes (OFE) 43.1.6.2 Service Flight Envelopes (SFE) 43.1.7 Configurations 43.1.8 Loadings 43.1.9 Flight conditions 43.1.10 Settings 43.1.11 States 43.

5、1.12 Rotorcraft status 53.1.13 Levels for Normal States 53.1.13.1 Flight beyond the Service Flight Envelopes 53.1.14 Rotorcraft failures 53.1.14.1 Allowable Levels based on probability 53.1.14.2 Allowable Levels for Specific Failures 53.1.14.3 Rotorcraft Special Failure States 5Provided by IHSNot fo

6、r ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS-33E-PRFC O N T E N T SPARAGRAPH PAGEiv3.1.14.4 Transients following failures 63.1.14.5 Indication of failures 63.1.15 Rotorcraft limits 63.1.15.1 Devices for indication, warning, prevention, and recovery 63.1.16 Pilot-i

7、nduced oscillations 63.1.17 Residual oscillations 63.1.18 Interpretation of subjective requirements 63.2 Response-Types 73.2.1 Determination of the Usable Cue Environment 73.2.1.1 Characteristics of test rotorcraft 73.2.1.2 Applicable Mission-Task-Elements 73.2.1.3 Dispersions among visual cue ratin

8、gs 73.2.2 Required Response-Types 73.2.2.1 Relaxation for Altitude (Height) Hold 73.2.2.2 Additional requirement for Turn Coordination 73.2.2.3 Alternative for Attitude Hold in Forward Flight 83.2.2.4 Requirement for Autopilot 83.2.3 Response-Type ranking 83.2.4 Combinations of degraded Response-Typ

9、e and dynamics in degraded UCE 83.2.5 Rotorcraft guidance 83.2.6 Character of Rate Response-Types 83.2.7 Character of Attitude Hold and Heading Hold Response-Types 83.2.7.1 Additional requirement for Heading Hold 93.2.8 Character of Attitude Command Response-Types 93.2.9 Character of Translational R

10、ate Response-Types 93.2.10 Character of Vertical Rate Response-Types 93.2.10.1 Character of Vertical Rate Command with Altitude (Height) Hold 93.2.11 Character of yaw response to lateral controller 93.2.11.1 Turn coordination 93.2.11.2 Rate Command with Direction Hold 93.2.12 Limits on nonspecified

11、Response-Types 103.2.13 Requirements for inputs to control actuator 103.2.14 Transition between airborne and ground operations 103.3 Hover and low speed requirements 103.3.1 Equilibrium characteristics 103.3.2 Small-amplitude pitch (roll) attitude changes 103.3.2.1 Short-term response to control inp

12、uts (bandwidth) 103.3.2.2 Short-term pitch and roll responses to disturbance inputs 103.3.2.3 Mid-term response to control inputs 113.3.2.3.1 Fully attended operations 113.3.2.3.2 Divided attention operations 113.3.3 Moderate-amplitude pitch (roll) attitude changes (attitude quickness) 113.3.4 Large

13、-amplitude pitch (roll) attitude changes 113.3.5 Small-amplitude yaw attitude changes 113.3.5.1 Short-term response to yaw control inputs (bandwidth) 11Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS-33E-PRFC O N T E N T SPARAGRAPH PAGEv3.3.5.2 M

14、id-term response to control inputs 113.3.5.2.1 Fully attended operations 113.3.5.2.2 Divided attention operations 123.3.6 Moderate-amplitude heading changes (attitude quickness) 123.3.7 Short-term yaw response to disturbance inputs 123.3.7.1 Yaw rate response to lateral gusts 123.3.8 Large-amplitude

15、 heading changes 123.3.9 Interaxis coupling 123.3.9.1 Yaw due to collective for Aggressive agility 123.3.9.2 Pitch due to roll and roll due to pitch coupling for Aggressive agility 123.3.9.3 Pitch due to roll and roll due to pitch coupling for Target Acquisition and Tracking 133.3.10 Response to col

16、lective controller 133.3.10.1 Height response characteristics 133.3.10.2 Torque response 143.3.10.3 Vertical axis control power 143.3.10.4 Rotor RPM governing 143.3.11 Position Hold 143.3.12 Translational Rate Response-Type 143.4 Forward flight requirements 153.4.1 Pitch attitude response to longitu

17、dinal controller 153.4.1.1 Short-term response (bandwidth) 153.4.1.2 Mid-term response to control inputs 153.4.1.2.1 Fully attended operations 153.4.1.2.2 Divided attention operations 153.4.1.3 Mid-term response maneuvering stability 153.4.1.3.1 Control feel and stability in maneuvering flight at co

18、nstant speed 163.4.1.3.2 Control forces in maneuvering flight 163.4.2 Pitch control power 163.4.3 Flight path control 163.4.3.1 Flight path response to pitch attitude (frontside) 163.4.3.2 Flight path response to collective controller (backside) 163.4.3.3 Rotor RPM governing 173.4.4 Longitudinal sta

19、tic stability 173.4.5 Interaxis coupling 173.4.5.1 Pitch attitude due to collective control 173.4.5.1.1 Small collective inputs 173.4.5.1.2 Large collective inputs 173.4.5.1.3 Pitch control in autorotation 173.4.5.2 Roll due to pitch coupling for Aggressive agility 173.4.5.3 Pitch due to roll coupli

20、ng for Aggressive agility 173.4.5.4 Pitch due to roll and roll due to pitch coupling for Target Acquisition and Tracking 183.4.6 Roll attitude response to lateral controller 183.4.6.1 Small-amplitude roll attitude response to control inputs (bandwidth) 183.4.6.2 Moderate amplitude attitude changes (

21、attitude quickness) 183.4.6.3 Large-amplitude roll attitude changes 183.4.6.4 Linearity of roll response 18Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS-33E-PRFC O N T E N T SPARAGRAPH PAGEvi3.4.7 Roll-sideslip coupling 183.4.7.1 Bank angle osc

22、illations 183.4.7.2 Turn coordination 193.4.8 Yaw response to yaw controller 193.4.8.1 Small-amplitude yaw response for Target Acquisition and Tracking (bandwidth) 193.4.8.2 Large-amplitude heading changes for Aggressive agility 193.4.8.3 Linearity of directional response 193.4.8.4 Yaw control with

23、speed change 193.4.9 Lateral-directional stability 193.4.9.1 Lateral-directional oscillations 193.4.9.2 Spiral stability 203.4.10 Lateral-directional characteristics in steady sideslips 203.4.10.1 Yaw control in steady sideslips (directional stability) 203.4.10.2 Bank angle in steady sideslips 203.4

24、.10.3 Lateral control in steady sideslips 203.4.10.3.1 Positive effective dihedral limit 203.4.11 Pitch, roll, and yaw responses to disturbance inputs 213.5 Transition of a variable configuration rotorcraft between rotor-borne and wing-borne flight 213.6 Controller characteristics 213.6.1 Convention

25、al controllers 213.6.1.1 Centering and breakout forces 213.6.1.2 Force gradients 213.6.1.3 Limit control forces 213.6.2 Sidestick controllers 213.6.3 Sensitivity and gradients 223.6.4 Cockpit control free play 223.6.5 Control harmony 223.6.6 Trimming characteristics 223.6.7 Dynamic coupling 223.7 Sp

26、ecific failures 223.7.1 Failures of the flight control system 223.7.2 Engine failures 223.7.2.1 Altitude loss 223.7.3 Loss of engine and/or electrical power 233.8 Transfer between Response-Types 233.8.1 Annunciation of Response-Type to the pilot 233.8.2 Control forces during transfer 233.8.3 Control

27、 system blending 233.9 Ground handling and ditching characteristics 233.9.1 Rotor start/stop 233.9.1.1 Shipboard operation 233.9.2 Parked position requirement 24Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS-33E-PRFC O N T E N T SPARAGRAPH PAGEv

28、ii3.9.3 Wheeled rotorcraft ground requirements 243.9.4 Ditching characteristics 243.9.4.1 Water landing requirement 243.9.4.2 Ditching techniques 243.9.4.3 Flotation requirements 243.9.4.4 Single failures of the flotation equipment 243.10 Requirements for externally slung loads 253.10.1 Load release

29、 253.10.2 Failure of external load system 253.11 Mission-Task-Elements 253.11.1 Hover 273.11.2 Landing 283.11.3 Slope landing 293.11.4 Hovering Turn 303.11.5 Pirouette 313.11.6 Vertical Maneuver 323.11.7 Depart/Abort 333.11.8 Lateral Reposition 343.11.9 Slalom 353.11.10 Vertical Remask 363.11.11 Acc

30、eleration and Deceleration 373.11.12 Sidestep 393.11.13 Deceleration to Dash 403.11.14 Transient Turn 413.11.15 Pullup/Pushover 423.11.16 Roll Reversal 433.11.17 Turn to Target 443.11.18 High Yo-Yo 453.11.19 Low Yo-Yo 463.11.20 Decelerating Approach 473.11.21 ILS Approach 473.11.22 Missed Approach 4

31、73.11.23 Speed Control 484. VERIFICATION 494.1 General 494.1.1 Analysis 494.1.2 Simulation 494.1.3 Flight 504.2 Levels of handling qualities 504.3 Testing with externally slung loads 51Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS-33E-PRFC O N

32、T E N T SPARAGRAPH PAGEviii5. PACKAGING 526. NOTES 536.1 Intended use 536.2 Definitions 536.2.1 Acronyms 536.2.2 Configurations 546.2.3 Degree of pilot attention 546.2.3.1 Fully attended operation 546.2.3.2 Divided attention operation 556.2.4 Flight Condition 556.2.5 IMC operations 556.2.6 Landing g

33、ear 556.2.7 Levels of handling qualities 556.2.8 Load mass ratio 556.2.9 Loadings 556.2.10 Mission-Task-Element (MTE) 556.2.11 Near-earth operations 556.2.12 Response-Type 556.2.13 Rotorcraft Status 556.2.14 Settings 566.2.15 Speed ranges 566.2.15.1 Ground Speed 566.2.15.2 Hover 566.2.15.3 Low speed

34、 566.2.15.4 Forward flight 566.2.16 Stabilized hover 566.2.17 States 566.2.18 Step input 566.2.19 Winds 566.2.19.1 Calm winds 566.2.19.2 Light Winds 566.2.19.3 Moderate winds 566.3 Changes from Previous Issues 566.3.1 Operational missions and Mission-Task-Elements (MTEs) (3.1.1) 576.3.2 Required agi

35、lity (3.1.2) 576.3.3 Operational environment (3.1.3) 576.3.4 Levels of handling qualities (3.1.5) 576.3.5 Configurations, loadings, flight conditions, settings, states, and status (3.1.7 3.1.12) 576.3.6 Levels for Normal States (3.1.13) 586.3.7 Rotorcraft failures (3.1.14) 586.3.8 Rotorcraft limits

36、(3.1.15) 586.3.9 Interpretation of subjective requirements (3.1.18) 58Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS-33E-PRFC O N T E N T SPARAGRAPH PAGEix6.3.10 Required Response-Types (3.2.2) 586.3.11 Combinations of degraded Response-Type and

37、 dynamics in degraded UCE (3.2.4) 586.3.12 Rotorcraft guidance (NA) 586.3.13 Character of Attitude Hold and Heading Hold Response-Types (3.2.7) 586.3.14 Character of Vertical Rate Command with Altitude (Height) Hold (3.2.10.1) 596.3.15 Hover and low speed requirements (3.3) 596.3.16 Short-term respo

38、nse to control inputs (bandwidth) (3.3.2.1, 3.3.5.1, 3.4.1.1, 3.4.6.1, and 3.4.8.1)596.3.17 Moderate-amplitude pitch (roll) attitude changes (attitude quickness) (3.3.3) 596.3.18 Yaw rate response to lateral gusts (3.3.7.1) 596.3.19 Interaxis coupling (3.3.9) 596.3.20 Pitch due to roll and roll due

39、to pitch coupling for Target Acquisition and Tracking (3.3.9.2) 596.3.21 Height response characteristics (3.3.10.1) and vertical axis control power (3.3.10.3) 596.3.22 Rotor RPM governing (3.3.10.4) 606.3.23 Position hold (3.3.11) 606.3.24 Forward flight requirements (3.4) 606.3.25 Short-term respon

40、se to control inputs (bandwidth) (3.4.1.1, 3.4.6.1, and 3.4.8.1) 606.3.26 Pitch control power (3.4.2) 606.3.27 Flight path control (3.4.3) 606.3.28 Longitudinal static stability (3.4.4) 606.3.29 Pitch control in autorotation (3.4.5.1.3) 616.3.30 Roll due to pitch and pitch due to roll coupling for A

41、ggressive agility (3.4.5.2, 3.4.5.3) 616.3.31 Pitch due to roll and roll due to pitch coupling for Target Acquisition and Tracking (3.4.5.2) 616.3.32 Turn coordination (3.4.7.2) 616.3.33 Large amplitude heading changes for aggressive agility (3.4.8.2) 616.3.34 Lateral control in steady sideslips (3.

42、4.10.3) 616.3.35 Centering and breakout forces (3.6.1.1) 616.3.36 Force gradients (3.6.1.2) 616.3.37 Trimming characteristics (3.6.6) 616.3.38 Engine failures (3.7.2) 616.3.39 Control forces during transfer (3.8.2) 626.3.40 Requirements for externally slung loads (3.10) 626.3.41 Mission-Task-Element

43、s (3.11) 626.3.42 Landing (3.11.2) 626.3.43 Pirouette (3.11.5) 626.3.44 Vertical Maneuver (3.11.6) 626.3.45 Acceleration and deceleration (3.11.11) 626.3.46 Sidestep (3.11.12) 636.3.47 Deceleration to dash (3.11.13) 636.3.48 Transient turn (3.11.14) 636.3.49 Pull-up/pushover (3.11.15) 636.3.50 Roll

44、reversal at reduced and elevated load factors (3.11.16) 636.3.51 High Yo-Yo (3.11.18) 636.3.52 Low Yo-Yo (3.11.19) 636.3.53 Verification (4.) 636.3.54 References cited in 6.3 63Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS-33E-PRFT A B L E STAB

45、LE PAGExTABLE I. MISSION-TASK-ELEMENTS (MTES) 65TABLE II. LEVELS FOR ROTORCRAFT FAILURE STATES. 66TABLE III. TRANSIENTS FOLLOWING FAILURES 66TABLE IV. REQUIRED RESPONSE-TYPES FOR HOVER AND LOW SPEED NEAR EARTH. 67TABLE V. REQUIRED RESPONSE-TYPES FOR FORWARD FLIGHT (PITCH AND ROLL) 67TABLE VI. REQUIR

46、EMENTS FOR LARGE-AMPLITUDE ATTITUDE CHANGES HOVER AND LOW SPEED 68TABLE VII. MAXIMUM VALUES FOR HEIGHT RESPONSE PARAMETERS HOVER AND LOW SPEED . 68TABLE VIII. MAXIMUM VALUES FOR FLIGHT PATH RESPONSE TO COLLECTIVE CONTROLLER FORWARD FLIGHT. 68TABLE IX. REQUIREMENTS FOR LARGE-AMPLITUDE ROLL ATTITUDE C

47、HANGES FORWARD FLIGHT 69TABLE X. ALLOWABLE BREAKOUT FORCES, POUNDS HOVER AND LOW SPEED 69TABLE XI. ALLOWABLE BREAKOUT FORCES, POUNDS FORWARD FLIGHT . 70TABLE XII. ALLOWABLE CONTROL FORCE GRADIENTS, POUNDS/INCH 70TABLE XIII. LIMIT COCKPIT CONTROL FORCES, POUNDS 70TABLE XIV. REQUIREMENTS/VERIFICATION

48、MATRIX. 71TABLE XV. ROTORCRAFT STATUS AND FLIGHT CONDITIONS FOR VERIFICATION. 72Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ADS-33E-PRFF I G U R E SFIGURE PAGExiFIGURE 1. DEFINITION OF HANDLING QUALITIES LEVELS 73FIGURE 2. VISUAL CUE RATING SCALE

49、. 73FIGURE 3. USABLE CUE ENVIRONMENTS FOR VISUAL CUE RATINGS. 74FIGURE 4. RESPONSES FOR ATTITUDE HOLD AND HEADING HOLD RESPONSE TYPES 74FIGURE 5. REQUIREMENTS FOR SMALL-AMPLITUDE PITCH (ROLL) ATTITUDE CHANGES HOVER AND LOW SPEED 75FIGURE 6. DEFINITIONS OF BANDWIDTH AND PHASE DELAY 76FIGURE 7. LIMITS ON PITCH (ROLL) OS