ARMY A-A-59693 A-2004 DIESEL FUEL BIODIESEL BLEND (B20)《(B20)生物柴油燃料》.pdf

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1、 NOT MEASUREMENTSENSITIVE A-A-59693AJANUARY 15, 2004 SUPERSEDINGA-A-59693September 7, 2001 COMMERCIAL ITEM DESCRIPTION DIESEL FUEL, BIODIESEL BLEND (B20) The General Services Administration has authorized the use of this commercial item description, for all federal agencies. 1. SCOPE. This commercia

2、l item description covers a biodiesel fuel blend containing 20 percent (%) biodiesel, with the remainder being low-sulfur diesel fuel oil. This fuel blend, hereafter referred to as B20, is intended for use in all non-tactical diesel fuel-consuming vehicles and equipment systems (see 6.5). 2. SALIENT

3、 CHARACTERISTICS. 2.1 Material. The B20 shall consist of biodiesel (see 6.3.1) conforming to the requirements of ASTM D 6751 and diesel fuel oil conforming to A-A-52557 or ASTM D 975. The amount of biodiesel shall be 20 1% by volume. The remainder of the fuel blend shall be Grade Low Sulfur No. 1-D

4、diesel fuel oil (see 6.3.2), Grade Low Sulfur No. 2-D diesel fuel oil (see 6.3.3), or a combination of Grade No. 1-D and Grade No. 2-D. 2.2 Chemical and physical requirements. The chemical and physical requirements of the finished fuel shall conform to those listed in table I. Beneficial comments, r

5、ecommendations, additions, deletions, clarifications, etc. and any data that may improve this document should be sent by letter to: U.S. Army Tank-automotive and Armaments Command, ATTN: AMSRD-TAR-E/ASI, 6501 E. 11 Mile Road, Warren, MI 48397-5000. AMSC N/A FSC 9140 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approva

6、l for public release; distribution is unlimited. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-A-A-59693A 2 TABLE I. Requirements for B20 biodiesel blend. Property Requirement Test Method Volume percent biodiesel in B20 20 1 volume percent Appendix

7、 A Appearance Clear, bright, and visually free from undissolved water, sediment, and suspended matter ASTM D 4176 Procedure 1 Kinematic Viscosity, mm2/s, 40C 1.3 4.1 ASTM D 445 Flash Point, C April September October March 52C min 38C min ASTM D 93 Low Temperature Properties 1/ 1/ Total Acid Number,

8、mg KOH/g Sample 0.2 max ASTM D 664 Water Content, volume % 0.05 max ASTM D 2709 Sulfur Content, mass % 0.05 max ASTM D 5453, D 2622 Cetane Number 41 min ASTM D 613 Ash Content, mass % 0.01 max ASTM D 482 Distillation, C T90 338 max ASTM D 86 Copper Strip Corrosion, 3 hours 50C 3 max ASTM D 130 Micro

9、 Carbon Residue, mass % 0.05 max ASTM D 4530 1/ The low temperature performance of the B20 shall be defined by one of the following two properties: cloud point or cold filter plugging point (CFPP). When specified (see 6.2), the maximum cloud point of the B20 shall be equal to or lower than the tenth

10、 percentile minimum ambient temperature in the geographical area and seasonal timeframe in which the B20 is to be used, when tested IAW ASTM D 2500. When specified (see 6.2), the maximum CFPP of the B20 shall be a minimum of 10C below the tenth percentile minimum ambient temperature in the geographi

11、cal area and seasonal timeframe in which the B20 is to be used, when tested IAW ASTM D 6371 (see 6.4). ASTM D 5773 can be used as an alternate cloud point test method to ASTM D 2500. 3. REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS. The offeror/contractor is encouraged to use recovered materials to the maximum extent pra

12、cticable, IAW paragraph 23.403 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR). 3.1 Clean Air Act requirements. Under authority of the Clean Air Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issues limits on the maximum sulfur level, the maximum aromatic content or minimum cetane index on diesel i

13、ntended for on-road use. Details of the EPA regulations and test methods are given in Part 80 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-A-A-59693A 3 (40 CFR 80). Specifics may be obtained by contac

14、ting the Air Quality Office of the state environmental office or headquarters. 3.2 Legal requirements. B20 furnished under this description shall meet all applicable legal requirements in accordance with (IAW) 40 CFR 80. 4. PRODUCT CONFORMANCE. The products provided shall meet the salient characteri

15、stics of this CID, conform to the producers own drawings, specifications, standards, and quality assurance practices, and be the same product offered for sale in the commercial marketplace. The Government reserves the right to require proof of such conformance. 5. PACKAGING. Preservation, packing, a

16、nd marking shall be as specified in the contract or order (see 6.2). 6. NOTES. 6.1 Source of documents. 6.1.1 Copies of 40 CFR 80 are available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or via the GPO website at http:/www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/index.

17、html/ . 6.1.2 Copies of A-A-52557 “Fuel Oil, Diesel; for Posts, Camps and Stations” are available from the Document Automation and Production Service, Bldg. 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 or via website http:/assist2.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/ 6.1.3 Copies of the following ASTM d

18、ocuments can be obtained from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, or via the ASTM website at http:/www.astm.org/ D 86 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure (DoD Adopted) D 93 - Standard Test Methods for Flash-Po

19、int by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester (DoD Adopted) D 130 Standard Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test (DoD Adopted) D 445 - Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic

20、 Viscosity) (DoD Adopted) D 482 - Standard Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products (DoD Adopted) D 613 - Standard Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil (DoD Adopted) D 664 - Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration (DoD Adopted) D 975 - St

21、andard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils (DoD Adopted) Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-A-A-59693A 4 D 2500 - Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (DoD Adopted) D 2622 - Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petrole

22、um Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (DoD Adopted) D 2709 - Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge (DoD Adopted) D 4176 - Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspec

23、tion Procedures) (DoD Adopted) D 4530 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue (Micro Method) (DoD Adopted) D 4865 - Standard Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems (DoD Adopted) D 5453 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Total

24、Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Motor Fuels and Oils by Ultraviolet Fluorescence D 5773 - Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Constant Cooling Rate Method) D 6371 - Standard Test Method for Cold Filter Plugging Point of Diesel and Heating Fuels (DoD Adopted) D 6751 - Standard S

25、pecification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels 6.1.4 Copies of SAE Paper No. 1999-01-3520 “Potential Analytical Methods for Stability Testing of Biodiesel and Biodiesel Blends” can be obtained from the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale

26、, PA 15096-0001, or via the SAE website at http:/www.sae.org/ . 6.2 Ordering data. The contract or order should specify the following: a. CID document number and revision. b. Product conformance provisions. c. Cloud point or CFPP required. d. Quantity in terms of gallons or barrels bulk or number an

27、d size of containers for packaged lots. e. Selection of applicable packaging or delivery requirements. 6.3 Definitions. 6.3.1 Biodiesel. A fuel composed of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, designated B100. 6.3.2 Grade Low Sulfur No. 1-D. A speci

28、al-purpose, light distillate fuel used for automotive diesel and gas turbine engines requiring low sulfur fuel and requiring a higher volatility than that provided by Grade Low Sulfur No. 2-D. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-A-A-59693

29、A 5 6.3.3 Grade Low Sulfur No. 2-D. A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel used for automotive diesel and gas turbine engines requiring low sulfur fuel. It is also suitable for use in non-automotive application, especially in conditions of varying speed and load. 6.4 Minimum ambient temperatures.

30、 Tenth percentile minimum ambient temperatures for locations within the United States are provided in Appendix X4 of ASTM D 975 and may be used as a means of estimating expected regional temperatures. 6.5 Limitations for B20 usage. 6.5.1 Vehicles and equipment. B20 has not been approved for use in A

31、rmy combat and tactical vehicles and equipment at this time. The different types of engine systems and engine compartment configurations, modes of operation, environmental conditions, storage stability concerns (see 6.5.2), solvency effects (see 6.6), and fuel interchangeability issues associated wi

32、th the single fuel forward policy will necessitate field testing to fully validate the use of B20 in combat and tactical vehicles and equipment. 6.5.2 Storage life. Available data indicates that the B20 in vehicles or storage tanks should be used within six months of manufacture. Fuels that have an

33、acid number equal to or over 0.3 mg KOH/g are not recommended for use. 6.6 Solvency properties of biodiesel. Biodiesel (B100) is a good solvent. Use of B20 may clean the fueling system of existing deposits. Users should be prepared to change fuel filters more frequently upon initial use. 6.7 Viscosi

34、ty and distillation properties of B20 blended with Grade No. 1-D diesel fuel oil. The user must be aware that B20 using Grade Low Sulfur No. 1-D diesel fuel oil as base fuel may exceed the maximum viscosity and the maximum 90% recovered temperature requirements for Grade Low Sulfur No. 1-D diesel fu

35、el oil IAW A-A-52557 and ASTM D 975. The significance of this deviation has not been established. 6.8 Static electricity. The generation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel may be blended. For more information on the subject, see AST

36、M D 4865. 6.9 Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) biodiesel allowances. The impact of biodiesel use on warranty coverage, which varies by vehicle/engine manufacturers, has been checked. Major engine manufacturers have all issued statements regarding the use of biodiesel as it pertains to their wa

37、rranty coverage. Copies of any of these statements can be obtained from the National Biodiesel Board (NBB) by calling (800) 841-5849 or faxing (573) 635-7913, or via the NBB website at http:/www.biodiesel.org/ 6.10 Benefits of using biodiesel. The Energy Conservation Reauthorization Act (ECRA) of 19

38、98, an amendment to the Energy Policy Act (EPACT) of 1992, permits Federal Agencies to use biodiesel to meet a portion of their alternative fueled vehicle (AFV) acquisition requirements. Section 312 (Biodiesel Fuel Use Credits) of ECRA permits Federal Agencies to Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo repr

39、oduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-A-A-59693A 6 meet up to 50% of their AFV acquisition requirements by using biodiesel fuel. Under the new provisions, each 450 gallons of pure biodiesel (B100) used in a vehicle weighing over 8500 pounds counts as one full AFV credit. Sinc

40、e biodiesel is typically used as B20, using 2250 gallons of B20 equates to one AFV credit under EPACT. 6.11 Key words. Blend Compression ignition engine Diesel consuming equipment Low sulfur Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-A-A-59693A

41、APPENDIX A 7 VOLUME PERCENT BIODIESEL DETERMINATION IN A BIODIESEL BLEND BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY 1. Scope 1.1 This method covers the determination of biodiesel volume percent (throughout the test method volume percent is represented as %) in a blend of diesel fuel and biodiesel. The test method is app

42、licable to fuel blends having 0 to 30% biodiesel. This method is not dependant on the type of biodiesel feedstock or the grade of diesel fuel used in the biodiesel blends. 1.2 This test method does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsi

43、bility of the user of this method to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Summary of Test Method 2.1 A fuel sample is injected into a non-polar gas chromatographic column and run at specific conditions. The compo

44、nents of the biodiesel blend elute in boiling point order, with the biodiesel being the heaviest component. The initial column temperature is started high to elute the petroleum diesel quickly. Once the petroleum diesel has been eluted, the column temperature is raised to get good separation of the

45、biodiesel components. A calibration curve is obtained under the same chromatographic conditions using known blends of biodiesel/petroleum diesel ranging from 0 to 30% biodiesel. 3. Significance and Use 3.1 This test method is useful in determining whether a fuel contains biodiesel and what volume pe

46、rcent of the blend is biodiesel. This method does not give any insight into the composition of the biodiesel feedstocks or of the grade of petroleum diesel used in the blend. This test method can be used for product specification testing of B20 fuel samples. 4. Apparatus 4.1 Gas Chromatograph. The g

47、as chromatograph used must have the following performance characteristics: 4.1.1 Detector. A flame ionization detector (FID) capable of operating at 300C and be capable of the connection of a megabore capillary column. 4.1.2 Column Temperature Programmer The gas chromatograph must be capable of prog

48、rammed temperature operation. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-A-A-59693A APPENDIX A 8 4.1.3 Sample Inlet System The sample inlet must be capable of operating at 300C and be capable of the connection of a megabore capillary column. 4.1

49、.4 Flow Controllers The gas chromatograph must be equipped with mass flow controllers capable of maintaining the carrier gas flow constant to 1% over the full operating temperature range of the column. 4.1.5 Microsyringe A microsyringe capable of 0.1microliter (L) volumes is needed for sample introduction. 4.2 Column 5 meters (m) 0.53 millimeters (mm) 2.65 micrometer (m) HP-1, Agilent Technologies, Par