ANSI Z315.1-2012 Tricycles - Safety Requirements (TIA-Toy)《三轮车安全性要求》.pdf

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1、American National Standardfor Tricycles Safety RequirementsANSI Z315.1-2012ANSIZ315.1-2012ANSIZ315.1-2012Revision ofANSI Z315.1-2006American National Standardfor Tricycles Safety RequirementsSponsorToy Industry Association, Inc.Approved November 26, 2012American National Standards Institute, Inc.App

2、roval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that therequirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval havebeen met by the standards developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgement of the ANSI Board ofStandards Review, substantial agreement has been

3、 reached by directly andmaterially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more thana simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that allviews and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be madetowards their resolution.The use of American National S

4、tandards is completely voluntary; theirexistence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approvedthe standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or usingproducts, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute does

5、not develop standards andwill in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American NationalStandard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue aninterpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the AmericanNational Standards Institute. Requests for interpreta

6、tions should beaddressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the titlepage of this standard.CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised orwithdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National StandardsInstitute require that action be taken periodically to

7、reaffirm, revise, orwithdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards mayreceive current information on all standards by calling or writing the AmericanNational Standards Institute.American National StandardPublished byAmerican National Standards Institute, Inc.25 West 43rd Street, N

8、ew York, NY 10036Copyright 2012 by American National Standards InstituteAll rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in anyform, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without prior written permission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of AmericaiContentsPageF

9、orewordii1 Purpose and scope.12 Normative references.13 Definitions.24 Performance.45 Test procedures96 Certification.137 Safety and other consumer information14Table1 Childrens weight and crotch height versus age.10Figures1 Examples of tricycles172(a) Area to test for protrusions.182(b) Additional

10、area to test for protrusions.192(c) Corner, edge, standing wall, and rib dimensional requirements.192(d) Protrusion test gages202(e) Compound protrusion test203 Test method for sideways stability214 Test method for forward stability215 Test method for rearward stability22iiForeword(This foreword is

11、not part of American National Standard ANSI Z315.1-2012.)American National Standard for Tricycles - Safety requirements, ANSI Z315.1-2012,developed as a voluntary standard, was revised by a tricycle engineering committeeassembled by the Toy Industry Association, Inc., under the procedures of the Ame

12、ri-can National Standards Institute to provide safety requirements for tricycles.In compliance with the philosophy expressed in the Consumer Product Safety Act,persons not affiliated with the toy industry, representing consumers, retailers, andgeneral interest groups, also participated in the writin

13、g and development of the stan-dard.Consensus for this revised standard was achieved by use of the Canvass Method.Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to Toy Industry Association, Inc, 1115 Broadway, Suite 400, New York, NY 10010.AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

14、 ANSI Z315.1-2012American National Standard for Tricycles Safety Requirements 1 1 Purpose and scope 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this standard is to establish nationally recognized safety requirements for tricycles and to provide a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and user

15、s of these products. 1.2 Scope This standard covers the safety requirements for all tricycles intended for use by children 8 years and under. While the addition of a push handle does not by itself change the classification of a product from a tricycle to a stroller (or other juvenile product), there

16、 exist in the marketplace some hybrid products (i.e., tricycle/stroller combinations that have canopies, reclining seats, and/or restraint systems, etc.) that are intended and marketed to fulfill both functions. Such products may need to meet the requirements of ASTM F833 (Standard Consumer Safety P

17、erformance Specification for Carriages and Strollers) or other applicable standards, in addition to those of this standard. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. All standards

18、 are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. ASTM D2240, Standard test method for rubber property Durometer hardness1ASTM F833, Standar

19、d consumer safety performance specification for carriages and strollers1ASTM F963, Standard consumer safety specification for toy safety1: Section 4.3.5.1 Heavy elements Paint and similar surface-coating materials 16 CFR 1203, Safety standard for bicycle helmets216 CFR 1303, Ban of lead-containing p

20、aint and certain consumer products bearing lead-containing paint216 CFR 1500.3(c) (6), Definitions of extremely flammable, flammable and combustible21This document is available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-29592. 2CFR documents are available from the U.

21、S. Government Printing Office, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250, and at www.gpo.gov. ANSI Z315.1-2012 2 16 CFR 1500.18(a) (9), Ban of toys and other articles intended for children under 3 years of age containing small parts216 CFR 1500.44, Method for determining extremely flammable and flammabl

22、e solids216 CFR 1500.48, Technical requirements for determining a sharp point in toys and other articles intended for children under 8 years of age216 CFR 1500.49, Technical requirements for determining a sharp metal or glass edge in toys and other articles intended for use by children under 8 years

23、 of age216 CFR 1500.50 through .53, Test methods for simulating use and abuse of toys and other articles intended for use by children216 CFR 1501, Method for identifying toys and other articles intended for use by children under 3 years of age which present choking aspirations or ingestion hazards b

24、ecause of small parts216 CFR 1512.18(c), Protective cap and end-mounted devices test216 CFR 1512.18(g), Handlebar stem test216 CFR 1512.18(h), Handlebar test216 CFR 1512.18(l), Fork test2U.S. CPSC Report No. UM-HSRI-BI-75-5, May 31, 1975, Physical characteristics of children as related to death and

25、injury for consumer product design and use CPSIA Sec. 101, Childrens products containing lead; lead paint rule. CPSIA Sec. 102, Mandatory third party testing for certain childrens products. CPSIA Sec. 102(a)(1), General Conformity Certification (GCC). CPSIA Sec. 102(a)(2), Third Party Testing Requir

26、ement. CPSIA Sec. 103, Tracking labels for childrens products. NOTE CPSIA is the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, full details of which can be found on the CPSC website (www.cpsc.gov) at the following link: http:/www.cpsc.gov/about/cpsia/cpsia.html The full text of the CPSIA can be f

27、ound at: http:/www.cpsc.gov/cpsia.pdf. 3 Definitions 3.1 childrens product: a consumer product designed or intended primarily for use by children 12 years of age or younger. 3.2 fracture failure: A breaking of material caused when the material cannot support the loads that would be experienced in te

28、sts prescribed by this standard. 3.3 General Conformity Certification (GCC): a certificate issued by the manufacturer, importer or private labeler to attest to the conformity of a product to all applicable rules, bans, standards or regulations under the CPSIA or any other Act enforced by the CPSC. A

29、NSI Z315.1-2012 3 3.4 normal riding position: The position assumed by a child sitting on the tricycle seat with both feet on the pedals and hands on the grips of the handlebars or steering mechanism. 3.5 permanent marking: A marking or label shall be considered permanent if, during an attempt to man

30、ually remove it without the aid of tools or solvents, it cannot be removed, it tears, or it damages the surface to which it is attached. 3.6 principal display panel: the display panel for a retail package or container, bin, or vending machine that is most likely to be displayed, shown, presented, or

31、 examined under normal or customary conditions of display for retail sale. 3.7 projection, hazardous: A projection that, because of its material or configuration, or both, may present a puncture hazard if a child should fall onto it. Excluded from this definition are puncture hazards to the eyes or

32、mouth, or both, because of the impossibility of eliminating puncture hazards to those areas of the body by product design. 3.8 protrusion: (1) Any component or decorative feature (other than standard bolt or screw heads) that extends beyond the face of any gage in figure 2(d), when tested in accorda

33、nce with 5.9; (2) screw threads that protrude more than one major diameter of the screw beyond the internally threaded mating member; (3) screw threads that may come in contact with any part of the operators body when the operator is in normal riding position and that protrude farther than 1/8 inch

34、(3 mm) beyond the internally threaded mating member. 3.9 push handle: a device attached to the rear of a tricycle intended to allow an older caregiver to propel and control direction (in some cases, by remote steering) of the tricycle. A push handle may attach to the tricycle permanently, or may be

35、removable. The placement and dimensions of a steering handle typically allow an adult caregiver to walk in a fully erect posture behind the tricycle. A stabilizing handle is not considered a push handle. 3.10 rigid: any material having a hardness exceeding 70 Shore A scale durometer, as measured by

36、the latest revision of ASTM Test Method D2240. 3.11 stabilizing handle: A device intended for a child to utilize as a stabilizing aid in walking behind or mounting the tricycle (typically attached to the rear of the seat). A stabilizing handle does not provide steering control, and has placement and

37、 dimensions appropriate to provide a handhold for a user of the target age range of the tricycle when said child assumes an approximately erect posture. 3.12 steering lock: a device intended, when engaged, to prevent the steered wheel(s) of a tricycle from being controlled by the child occupant; the

38、 handlebars or other control handle(s) may or may not turn when the steering lock is engaged. 3.13 Third Party Conformity Assessment Body: in general, the term means a conformity assessment body that is not owned, managed or controlled by the manufacturer or private labeler of a product assessed by

39、such conformity assessment body. ANSI Z315.1-2012 4 3.14 tracking labels: permanent, distinguishing marks on the product and its packaging, to the extent practicable in accordance with CPSIA Sec. 103. 3.15 tricycle: A wheeled vehicle where the contact points of the wheels with the ground form a tria

40、ngular or trapezoidal shape and which is propelled solely by human power by means of a pedal-driven front wheel. If the shape formed by the contact points of the wheel with the ground is trapezoidal, then the narrower wheel track width shall be less than one half of the wider wheel track width for t

41、he vehicle to be considered a tricycle. Figure 1 shows examples of tricycles. 3.16 wheel track width: The overall width of wheels that have a common axis (outside to outside at the points where the wheels meet the ground, as shown in figure 3). 4 Performance 4.1 Material 4.1.1 Heavy metals in surfac

42、e coatings All accessible surface coatings shall conform to the provisions of CPSIA Sec. 101(f) and 16 CFR 1303, which prohibits the use of hazardous amounts of lead in paint as defined. In addition, all accessible surface coatings shall conform to the provisions of ASTM F963 Section 4.3.5.2, which

43、establishes limits for other elements used as pigments, film solids, and driers. 4.1.1.1 Lead in substrates All accessible substrates shall conform to the provisions of CPSIA Sec. 101(a), which prohibits the use of hazardous amounts of lead in substrates as defined. 4.1.2 Flammability Parts and comp

44、onents shall not be flammable, as defined by 16 CFR 1500.3(b)(10), 16 CFR 1500.3(c) (6), and 16 CFR 1500.44. 4.2 Strength and mechanical integrity There shall be no fracture failure when the tricycle is tested in accordance with the drop test in 5.1. 4.3 Product limitations Tricycles are designed fo

45、r use by children of varying ages and sizes. To ensure safe performance of a tricycle over its normal period of use, the tricycle should not be used by a rider who exceeds the limitations specified by the manufacturer. These limitations shall be expressed in terms of appropriate rider age or weight

46、or both on the packaging and instructions and may also be placed on the product. ANSI Z315.1-2012 5 4.4 Sharp points, sharp edges, protrusions, pinch points, and small parts 4.4.1 Sharp points Tricycles shall not have any accessible, potentially hazardous sharp points as defined in 16 CFR 1500.48 be

47、fore or after testing to this specification. (For test procedures, see 5.2.) 4.4.2 Sharp edges Tricycles shall not have any accessible, potentially hazardous sharp metal and glass edges as defined in 16 CFR 1500.49 before or after testing to this specification. (For test procedures, see 5.2.) 4.4.3

48、Protrusions 4.4.3.1 There shall be no rigid (as defined in 3.10) protrusions (as defined in 3.8) within area “A” as shown in figure 2(a). This area is typically bounded by a line across the center of the top surface of the seat, the axle of the front wheel, and a point on the rotational axis of the

49、handlebar at its intersection with a line between the handlebar grips. 4.4.3.2 There shall be no rigid (as defined in 3.10) protrusions (as defined in 3.8) within area “B” as shown in figure 2(a). This area is typically located above and to the rear of a line across the center of the top surface of the seat, the axle of the rear wheels, and a point on the rotational axis of the handlebar at its intersection with a line between the handlebar grips. 4.4.3.3 Any rigid (as defined in 3.10) protrusion (as defined in 3.8), within the designated area shown in figure 2(b), when