ANSI INCITS ISO TS 19159-1-2014 Geographic information -- Calibration and validation of remote sensing imagery sensors and data -- Part 1 Optical sensors (Technical Report).pdf

《ANSI INCITS ISO TS 19159-1-2014 Geographic information -- Calibration and validation of remote sensing imagery sensors and data -- Part 1 Optical sensors (Technical Report).pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《ANSI INCITS ISO TS 19159-1-2014 Geographic information -- Calibration and validation of remote sensing imagery sensors and data -- Part 1 Optical sensors (Technical Report).pdf（110页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、 INCITS/ISO TS 19159-1:2014 2015 (ISO/TS 19159-1:2014, IDT) Geographic information - Calibration and validation of remote sensing imagery sensors and data - Part 1: Optical sensors (Technical Report) INCITS/ISO TS 19159-1:2014 2015 PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In acco

2、rdance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes l

3、icensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for prin

4、ting. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Registered by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology S

5、tandards) as an American National Standard. Date of Registration: 2/1/2015 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2015 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright

6、claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electr

7、onic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1101 K Street NW, Suite 610, Washington DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America ii ITIC 2015 All rights reserved ISO 2014Geographic information Calibrati

8、on and validation of remote sensing imagery sensors and data Part 1: Optical sensorsInformation gographique Calibration et validation de capteurs de tldtecion Partie 1: Capteurs optiquesTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONISO/TS19159-1First edition2014-07-15Reference numberISO/TS 19159-1:2014(E)ISO/TS 19159-1:20

9、14(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or a

10、n intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPub

11、lished in SwitzerlandISO/TS 19159-1:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Conformance . 13 Normative references 14 Terms and definitions . 15 Abbreviated terms and symbols 85.1 Abbreviated terms . 85.2 Symbols 105.3 Variable names of the Jacobsen

12、model 105.4 Conventions 106 Calibration .116.1 Project 116.2 Package OpticsSensor, Geometry . 166.3 Package OpticsSensor, Radiometry 256.4 Package OpticsCalibrationFacility, Geometry 356.5 Package OpticsCalibrationFacility, Radiometry .416.6 Package OpticsValidation 457 Documentation 467.1 Semantics

13、 467.2 Package Documentation 47Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite .49Annex B (normative) Data dictionary 54Annex C (normative) Self calibration models 85Annex D (informative) Calibration and validation quality measures .94Bibliography . 100ISO/TS 19159-1:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Or

14、ganization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establ

15、ished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardizati

16、on.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with

17、the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directivesAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent ri

18、ghts identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patentsAny trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanati

19、on on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document

20、is ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.ISO 19159 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geographic information Calibration and validation of remote sensing imagery sensors: Part 1: Optical sensorsPart 2 is planned to cover laser scanning, also known as light detection and

21、ranging (LIDAR), SAR/InSAR (RADAR) and SONAR (sound). Parts 3 and 4 are planned to cover RADAR (radio detection and ranging) with the subtopics SAR (synthetic aperture radar) and InSAR (interferometric SAR) as well as SONAR (sound detection and ranging) that is applied in hydrographyiv ISO 2014 All

22、rights reservedISO/TS 19159-1:2014(E)IntroductionImaging sensors are one of the major data sources for geographic information. Typical spatial outcomes of the production process are vector maps, Digital Elevation Models, and three-dimensional city models. There are typically two streams of spectral

23、data analysis, that is, the statistical method, which includes image segmentation, and the physics-based method, which relies on characterization of specific spectral absorption features.In each of the cases, the quality of the end products fully depends on the quality of the measuring instruments t

24、hat has originally sensed the data. The quality of measuring instruments is determined and documented by calibration.A calibration is often a costly and time-consuming process. Therefore, a number of different strategies are used that combine longer time intervals between subsequent calibrations wit

25、h simplified intermediate calibration procedures that bridge the time gap and still guarantee a traceable level of quality. Those intermediate calibrations are called validations in this part of ISO 19159.This part of ISO 19159 standardizes the calibration of remote sensing imagery sensors and the v

26、alidation of the calibration information and procedures. It does not address the validation of the data and the derived products.Many types of imagery sensors exist for remote sensing tasks. Apart from the different technologies, the need for a standardization of the various sensor types has differe

27、nt levels of priority. In order to meet those requirements, ISO 19159 has been split into more than one part. Part 1 covers optical sensors, i.e. airborne photogrammetric cameras and spaceborne optical sensors. Part 2 is intended to cover laser scanning, also known as LIDAR (Light detection and rang

28、ing).Parts 3 and 4 are planned to cover RADAR (radio detection and ranging) with the subtopics SAR (synthetic aperture radar) and InSAR (interferometric SAR) as well as SONAR (sound detection and ranging) that is applied in hydrography. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vGeographic information Calibratio

29、n and validation of remote sensing imagery sensors and data Part 1: Optical sensors1 ScopeThis part of ISO 19159 defines the calibration and validation of airborne and spaceborne remote sensing imagery sensors.The term “calibration” refers to geometry, radiometry, and spectral, and includes the inst

30、rument calibration in a laboratory as well as in situ calibration methods.The validation methods address validation of the calibration information.This part of ISO 19159 also addresses the associated metadata related to calibration and validation which have not been defined in other geographic infor

31、mation International Standards.The specified sensors include optical sensors of the frame camera and line camera types (2D CCD scanners).2 ConformanceThis part of ISO 19159 standardizes the service metadata for the calibration procedures of optical remote sensing sensors as well as the associated da

32、ta types and code lists. Therefore conformance depends on the type of entity declaring conformance.Mechanisms for the transfer of data are conformant to this part of ISO 19159 if they can be considered to consist of transfer record and type definitions that implement or extend a consistent subset of

33、 the object types described within this part of ISO 19159.Details of the conformance classes are given in the Abstract test suite in Annex A.3 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable to its application. For d

34、ated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 19115-2:2009, Geographic information Metadata Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded dataISO/TS 19130:2010, Geographic information Imagery

35、 sensor models for geopositioning4 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.4.1bloomingoverflow of an over-saturated signal of one pixel to the neighbouring pixelTECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19159-1:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1ISO/

36、TS 19159-1:2014(E)4.2calibrationprocess of quantitatively defining a systems responses to known, controlled signal inputsSOURCE: ISO/TS 19101-2:2008, 4.2Note 1 to entry: A calibration is an operation that, under specified conditions, in a first step, establishes a relationship between indications (w

37、ith associated measurement (4.16) uncertainties) and the physical quantity (4.27) values (with measurement uncertainties) provided by measurement standards.4.3calibration curveexpression of the relation between indication and corresponding measured quantity (4.27) valueNote 1 to entry: A calibration

38、 curve expresses a one-to-one relation that does not supply a measurement (4.16) result as it bears no information about the measurement uncertainty (4.38).SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 4.314.4calibration validationprocess of assessing the validity of parametersNote 1 to entry: With respect to the

39、general definition of validation the “calibration validation” does only refer to a small set of parameters (attribute values) such as the result of a sensor (4.32) calibration.4.5correctioncompensation for an estimated systematic effectNote 1 to entry: See ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, 3.2.3, for an expl

40、anation of “systematic effect”.Note 2 to entry: The compensation can take different forms, such as an addend or a factor, or can be deduced from a table.SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.534.6dark currentoutput current of a photoelectric detector (4.9) (or of its cathode) in the absence of incident r

41、adiationNote 1 to entry: For calibration of optical sensors (4.32) dark current is measured by the absence of incident optical radiation.4.7dark current noisenoise (4.22) of current at the output of a detector (4.9), when no optical radiation is sensed4.8dark signal non uniformityDSNUresponse of a d

42、etector (4.9) element if no visible or infrared light is presentNote 1 to entry: This activation is mostly caused by imperfection of the detector.4.9detectordevice that generates an output signal in response to an energy inputNote 1 to entry: The energy input may be provided by electro-magnetic radi

43、ation. The output may be a measurable and reproducible electrical signal.SOURCE: ISO/TS 19130:2010, 4.18, modified2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedISO/TS 19159-1:2014(E)4.10ground sampling distanceGSDlinear distance between pixel centres on the groundNote 1 to entry: GSD is a measure (4.15) of one limi

44、tation to image resolution (4.30), that is, the limitation due to sampling distance on the ground that corresponds to the pixel distances in the image plane.Note 2 to entry: The GSD is the distance between the centre points of surface elements represented by adjacent elements in the image matrix.Not

45、e 3 to entry: The GSD depends on flying height, terrain height and observation angle.Note 4 to entry: The GSD can also be named ground sample distance.Note 5 to entry: This definition also applies for water surfaces.SOURCE: ISO/TS 19130:2010, 4.45, modified Notes 1 to 4 have been added.4.11in situ m

46、easurementdirect measurement (4.16) of the measurand in its original place4.12instantaneous field of viewIFOVinstantaneous region seen by a single detector (4.9) element, measured in angular spaceSOURCE: ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.364.13irradianceelectro-magnetic radiation energy per unit area per unit

47、timeNote 1 to entry: The SI unit is watts per square metre (W/m2).4.14keystone effectdistortion of a projected image caused by a tilt between the image plane and the projection plane resulting in a trapezoidal shaped projection of a rectangular image4.15measurevalue described using a numeric amount

48、with a scale or using a scalar reference systemNote 1 to entry: When used as a noun, measure is a synonym for physical quantity (4.27).SOURCE: ISO 19136:2007, 4.1.414.16measurementset of operations having the object of determining the value of a quantity (4.27)SOURCE: ISO/TS 19101-2:2008, 4.204.17me

49、asurement accuracyaccuracy of measurementaccuracycloseness of agreement between a test result or measurement (4.16) result and the true valueNote 1 to entry: The concept “measurement accuracy” is not a quantity (4.27) and is not given a numerical quantity value. A measurement is said to be more accurate when it offers a smaller measurement error (4.18). ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3ISO/TS 19159-1:2014(E)Note 2 to entry: The ter