ANSI INCITS ISO 19125-1-2004 Geographic information - Simple feature access - Part 1 Common architecture.pdf

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1、INCITS/ISO 19125-1-2004 (ISO 19125-1:2004, IDT) Geographic information Simple feature access Part 1: Common architecture INCITS/ISO 19125-1-2004(ISO 19125-1:2004, IDT) Reaffirmed as INCITS/ISO 19125-1:2004 R2015INCITS/ISO 19125-1-2004ii PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In

2、 accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Ado

3、bes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for

4、 printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology

5、 Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 11/3/2005 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2005 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyri

6、ght claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an el

7、ectronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America ISO 19125-1:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv

8、 Introduction . iv 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance . 1 3 Normative references . 1 4 Terms and definitions. 1 5 Abbreviated terms. 4 6 Architecture . 5 6.1 Geometry object model 5 6.2 Well-known Text Representation for Geometry. 21 6.3 Well-known Binary Representation for Geometry. 22 6.4 Well-known Text Rep

9、resentation of Spatial Reference Systems. 25 Annex A (informative) The correspondence of concepts of the common architecture with concepts of the geometry model of ISO 19107 28 Annex B (informative) Supported spatial reference data . 36 Bibliography . 42 ISO 19125-1:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights re

10、servedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for whi

11、ch a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all m

12、atters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are cir

13、culated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held respon

14、sible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 19125-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics from a base document supplied by the Open GIS Consortium, Inc. ISO 19125 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geographic information S

15、imple feature access: Part 1: Common architecture Part 2: SQL option This corrected version of ISO 19125-1:2004 incorporates the following corrections: a complete version of Figure 9, which was truncated in the original; removal from the Foreword of the reference to ISO 19125-3, which has now been d

16、eleted. ISO 19125-1:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved vIntroduction This part of ISO 19125 describes the common architecture for simple feature geometry. The simple feature geometry object model is Distributed Computing Platform neutral and uses UML notation. The base Geometry class has subclasse

17、s for Point, Curve, Surface and GeometryCollection. Each geometric object is associated with a Spatial Reference System, which describes the coordinate space in which the geometric object is defined. The extended Geometry model has specialized 0, 1 and 2-dimensional collection classes named MultiPoi

18、nt, MultiLineString and MultiPolygon for modelling geometries corresponding to collections of Points, LineStrings and Polygons, respectively. MultiCurve and MultiSurface are introduced as abstract superclasses that generalize the collection interfaces to handle Curves and Surfaces. The attributes, m

19、ethods and assertions for each Geometry class are described in Figure 1 in 6.1.1. In describing methods, this is used to refer to the receiver of the method (the object being messaged). The SFA COM function “signatures” may use a different notation from SFA SQL. COM notation is more familiar for COM

20、 programmers. However, UML notation is used throughout this part of ISO 19125. There may also be methods used in this International Standard that differ from one part to another. Where this is the case, the differences are shown within the part. This part of ISO 19125 implements a profile of the spa

21、tial schema described in ISO 19107:2003, Geographic information Spatial schema. Annex A provides a detailed mapping of the schema in this part of ISO 19125 with the schema described in ISO 19107:2003. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INCITS/ISO 19125-1-2004 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1Geographic informa

22、tion Simple feature access Part 1: Common architecture 1 Scope This part of ISO 19125 establishes a common architecture and defines terms to use within the architecture. This part of ISO 19125 does not attempt to standardize and does not depend upon any part of the mechanism by which Types are added

23、 and maintained, including the following: a) syntax and functionality provided for defining types; b) syntax and functionality provided for defining functions; c) physical storage of type instances in the database; d) specific terminology used to refer to User Defined Types, for example UDT. This pa

24、rt of ISO 19125 does standardize names and geometric definitions for Types for Geometry. This part of ISO 19125 does not place any requirements on how to define the Geometry Types in the internal schema nor does it place any requirements on when or how or who defines the Geometry Types. 2 Conformanc

25、e In order to conform to this part of ISO 19125, an implementation shall satisfy the requirements of one or more test suites specified in the other parts of ISO 19125. 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated referenc

26、es, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 19107:2003, Geographic information Spatial schema ISO 19111:2003, Geographic information Spatial referencing by coordinates 4 Terms and definitions For th

27、e purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 boundary set that represents the limit of an entity ISO 19125-1:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reservedNOTE Boundary is most commonly used in the context of geometry, where the set is a collection of points or a collection of

28、 objects that represent those points. In other arenas, the term is used metaphorically to describe the transition between an entity and the rest of its domain of discourse. ISO 19107 4.2 buffer geometric object (4.14) that contains all direct positions (4.7) whose distance from a specified geometric

29、 object is less than or equal to a given distance ISO 19107 4.3 coordinate one of a sequence of n-numbers designating the position of a point (4.17) in n-dimensional space NOTE In a coordinate reference system, the numbers must be qualified by units. adapted from ISO 19111 4.4 coordinate dimension n

30、umber of measurements or axes needed to describe a position in a coordinate system (4.6) ISO 19107 4.5 coordinate reference system coordinate system (4.6) that is related to the real world by a datum adapted from ISO 19111 4.6 coordinate system set of mathematical rules for specifying how coordinate

31、s (4.3) are to be assigned to point (4.17) ISO 19111 4.7 curve 1-dimensional geometric primitive (4.15), representing the continuous image of a line NOTE The boundary of a curve is the set of points at either end of the curve. If the curve is a cycle, the two ends are identical, and the curve (if to

32、pologically closed) is considered to not have a boundary. The first point is called the start point, and the last is the end point. Connectivity of the curve is guaranteed by the “continuous image of a line” clause. A topological theorem states that a continuous image of a connected set is connected

33、. ISO 19107 4.7 direct position position described by a single set of coordinates (4.3) within a coordinate reference system (4.5) ISO 19107 4.9 end point last point (4.17) of a curve (4.7) ISO 19107 ISO 19125-1:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 34.10 exterior difference between the universe and

34、the closure NOTE The concept of exterior is applicable to both topological and geometric complexes. ISO 19107 4.11 feature abstraction of real world phenomena NOTE A feature may occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance is used when only one is meant. adapted from ISO 19101 4.

35、12 feature attribute characteristic of a feature (4.11) NOTE A feature attribute has a name, a data type, and a value domain associated to it. A feature attribute for a feature instance also has an attribute value taken from the value domain. adapted from ISO 19101 4.13 geometric complex set of disj

36、oint geometric primitives (4.15) where the boundary (4.1) of each geometric primitive can be represented as the union of other geometric primitives of smaller dimension within the same set NOTE The geometric primitives in the set are disjoint in the sense that no direct position is interior to more

37、than one geometric primitive. The set is closed under boundary operations, meaning that for each element in the geometric complex, there is a collection (also a geometric complex) of geometric primitives that represents the boundary of that element. Recall that the boundary of a point (the only 0D p

38、rimitive object type in geometry) is empty. Thus, if the largest dimension geometric primitive is a solid (3D), the composition of the boundary operator in this definition terminates after at most 3 steps. It is also the case that the boundary of any object is a cycle. ISO 19107 4.14 geometric objec

39、t spatial object representing a geometric set NOTE A geometric object consists of a geometric primitive, a collection of geometric primitives, or a geometric complex treated as a single entity. A geometric object may be the spatial representation of an object such as a feature or a significant part

40、of a feature. ISO 19107 4.15 geometric primitive geometric object (4.14) representing a single, connected, homogeneous element of space NOTE Geometric primitives are non-decomposed objects that represent information about geometric configuration. They include points, curves, surfaces, and solids. IS

41、O 19107 ISO 19125-1:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights reserved4.16 interior set of all direct positions (4.7) that are on a geometric object (4.14) but which are not on its boundary (4.1) NOTE The interior of a topological object is the homomorphic image of the interior of any of its geometric realizati

42、ons. This is not included as a definition because it follows from a theorem of topology. ISO 19107 4.17 point 0-dimensional geometric primitive (4.15), representing a position NOTE The boundary of a point is the empty set. ISO 19107 4.18 simple feature feature (4.11) restricted to 2D geometry with l

43、inear interpolation between vertices, having both spatial and non spatial attributes 4.19 start point first point (4.17) of a curve (4.7) ISO 19107 4.20 surface 2-dimensional geometric primitive (4.15), locally representing a continuous image of a region of a plane NOTE The boundary of a surface is

44、the set of oriented, closed curves that delineate the limits of the surface. adapted from ISO 19107 5 Abbreviated terms API Application Program Interface COM Component Object Model CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture DCE Distributed Computing Environment DCOM Distributed Component Object

45、ed Model DE-9IM Dimensionally Extended Nine-Intersection Model IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. NDR Little Endian byte order encoding OLE Object Linking and Embedding RPC Remote Procedure Call SQL Structured Query Language ISO 19125-1:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved

46、5SRID Spatial Reference System Identifier XDR Big Endian byte order encoding UDT User Defined Type UML Unified Modeling Language WKB Well-Known Binary (representation for example, geometry) 6 Architecture 6.1 Geometry object model 6.1.1 Overview This subclause describes the object model for simple f

47、eature geometry. The simple feature geometry object model is Distributed Computing Platform neutral and uses UML notation. The object model for geometry is shown in Figure 1. The base Geometry class has subclasses for Point, Curve, Surface and GeometryCollection. Each geometric object is associated

48、with a Spatial Reference System, which describes the coordinate space in which the geometric object is defined. Figure 1 Geometry class hierarchy Figure 1 is based on an extended Geometry model with specialized 0-, 1- and 2-dimensional collection classes named MultiPoint, MultiLineString and MultiPo

49、lygon for modelling geometries corresponding to collections of Points, LineStrings and Polygons, respectively. MultiCurve and MultiSurface are introduced as abstract superclasses that generalize the collection interfaces to handle Curves and Surfaces. Figure 1 shows aggregation lines between the leaf-collection classes and their element classes; the aggregation lines for non-leaf-collection classes are described in the text. ISO 19125-1:2004(E) 6 ISO 2004 All right