ANSI IEEE 112-2004 Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors and Generators《多相感应电机的试验程序》.pdf

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1、IEEE Std 112-2004(Revision ofIEEE Std 112-1996)112TMIEEE Standard Test Procedure forPolyphase Induction Motors andGenerators3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USAIEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theElectric Machinery Committee4 November 2004Print: SH95211PDF: SS95211Recognized as anAm

2、erican National Standard (ANSI)The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 4 November 2004. Printed in the United States of America.IE

3、EE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educationalclassroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.NOTEAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may re

4、quire use of subjectmatter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the exist-ence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifyingpatents for which a license may be required by an IEEE

5、standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal valid-ity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved. iiiIntroductionThis standard provides the basic test procedure for evaluating the performance of a polyphase inductionmotor or generator

6、 of any size. Each revision of the standard since its 1964 introduction as an IEEE standardhas been to keep the standard current with improvements in instrumentation, with improvements in test tech-niques, with increased knowledge in the art of measurements, and with the constant change in the needs

7、 anddesires of the machine users and of those concerned with energy conservation and the like. Major portions ofthe document have been rearranged to accomplish this and the user is cautioned to check any external refer-ences to particular clauses of previous versions for the correct clause number in

8、 this version. Each individualtest is defined and each efficiency test method is now covered in more detail and step-by-step instructionsare presented. Standard symbols are now used for all quantities. Notice to usersErrataErrata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the follo

9、wing URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL forerrata periodically.InterpretationsCurrent interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/index.html.PatentsAttention is called to

10、the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject mattercovered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence orvalidity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifyi

11、ngpatents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or forconducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 112-2004, IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Polyp

12、hase Induction Motors and Generators.iv Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.ParticipantsThe following is a list of the participants of the Electric Machinery Committee Working Group on thisstandard: Franklin H. Grooms, ChairThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted on th

13、is standard. Balloters may havevoted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 9 February 2004, it had the followingmembership:Don Wright, Chairvacant, Vice ChairJudith Gorman, Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoti

14、ng IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC RepresentativeRichard DeBlasio, DOE RepresentativeAlan Cookson, NIST RepresentativeDon MessinaIEEE Standards Project EditorPaul AndersonRobert Bartheld (Liaison)Paul G. CummingsRoger H. DaughertyJames H. DymondNirmal K. GhaiJohn S. HsuKhurs

15、heed S. HusseinZiba Kellum Joseph KlineBill LockleyWalter J. MartinyVenkatachari Rajagopalan Steven J. StretzPaul AndersonWilliam BartleyThomas BishopThomas BlairSteven BrockschinkWeijen ChenTommy CooperMike DarbyRoger DaughertyByron DavenportGary DonnerJames H. DymondJames H. EdmondsAhmed El-Serafi

16、Amir El-SheikhGary EngmannJorge Fernandez-DaherTrilok GargNirmal K. GhaiFranklin H. GroomsRandall GrovesBal GuptaPaul HamerGary HeustonAjit HiranandaniEdward Horgan Jr.George KalacherryYuri KhersonskyGeoff KlempnerJoseph KlineRoger LawrenceTimothy LensmireLisardo LouridoAntonio J. Marques-CardosoJes

17、us MartinezWalter J. MartinyThomas McCaffreyNigel McQuinJames MichalecGary MichelKrste NajdenkoskiArthur NeubauerNils NilssonAlvaro PortilloMadan RanaJames RuggieriGreg StoneShanmugan ThamilarasanChuck AdamsH. Stephen BergerMark D. BowmanJoseph A. BruderBob DavisRoberto de BoissonJulian Forster*Arno

18、ld M. GreenspanMark S. HalpinRaymond HapemanRichard J. HollemanRichard H. HulettLowell G. JohnsonJoseph L. Koepfinger*Hermann KochThomas J. McGeanDaleep C. MohlaPaul NikolichT. W. OlsenRonald C. PetersenGary S. RobinsonFrank StoneMalcolm V. ThadenDoug ToppingJoe D. WatsonCopyright 2004 IEEE. All rig

19、hts reserved. vContents1. Overview 11.1 Scope 11.2 Purpose. 12. References 13. General. 23.1 Power Supply 23.2 Types of tests 33.3 Standardized temperatures 43.4 Use of this standard 43.5 Precautions 54. Measurements 54.1 Electrical. 54.2 Resistance. 64.3 Mechanical . 74.4 Temperature 74.5 Procedure

20、 94.6 Safety 95. Machine losses and tests for losses 95.1 Types of losses. 105.2 Stator I2R loss 105.3 Rotor I2R loss.115.4 Winding resistancecold 125.5 No-load test 125.6 Load test. 135.7 Stray-load loss 155.8 Temperature test 195.9 Equivalent circuit. 245.10 Brush-contact loss 325.11 Power factor.

21、 326. Determination of efficiency . 336.1 General . 336.2 Efficiency test methods 336.3 Efficiency Test Method AInput-output 346.4 Test Method BInput-output with loss segregation . 356.5 Test Method B1Input-output with loss segregation and assumed temperature 396.6 Test Method CDuplicate machines 41

22、6.7 Test Method E or E1Electrical power measurement with loss segregation . 466.8 Test Method F or F1Equivalent circuit 486.9 Test Method C/F, E/F, or E1/F1Equivalent circuit calibrated with one load point . 497. Other performance tests . 50vi Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.7.1 Rotor volta

23、ge 507.2 Locked-rotor tests 507.3 Tests for speed-torque and speed-current curves. 518. Miscellaneous tests 548.1 Insulation resistance . 548.2 High-potential test 558.3 Shaft current and voltage 568.4 Bearing insulation resistance 578.5 Noise. 578.6 Balance and vibration. 578.7 Overspeed. 579. Form

24、s . 589.1 Test forms and support information. 589.2 Form AMethod A. 599.3 Form A2Method A calculations 609.4 Form BMethod B . 619.5 Form B2Method B calculations . 629.6 Form B1Method B1 . 639.7 Form B1-2Method B1 calculations 649.8 Form CMethod C . 659.9 Form C2Method C Calculations . 679.10 Form EM

25、ethod E-E1 . 699.11 Form E2Method E-E1 calculations 709.12 Form FMethods F, F1, C/F, E/F, and E1/F1 719.13 Form F2Methods F, F1, C/F, E/F, and E1/F1 calculations 729.14 Test and equivalent circuit results 73Annex A (informative) Bibliography . 74Annex B (informative) Typical report of test form for

26、routine tests 75Annex C (informative) Typical report of test form . 76Annex D (informative) Units of measure 77Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.1IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors and Generators1. Overview1.1 ScopeThis standard covers instructions for conducting and

27、reporting the more generally applicable and acceptabletests of polyphase induction motors and generators. Many of the tests described may be applied to bothmotors and generators, as needed, and no attempt is made to partition the test procedure into clauses andsubclauses that separately apply to mot

28、ors or to generators. Whenever the term motoris used, it is to beunderstood that it may be replaced by the term generator, if applicable. Likewise, whenever machineisused, it may be replaced by either motoror generator,if applicable. Since polyphase power systems arealmost universally three-phase sy

29、stems, the equations in this standard have been written specifically forthree phases. When the test is performed on other than three-phase power, the equations shall be modifiedappropriately.1.2 PurposeInstructions for conducting and reporting the more generally applicable and acceptable tests are c

30、overed todetermine the performance and characteristics of polyphase induction motors and generators. Additionaltests, not specified herein, may be required to satisfy specific research or application needs. These proce-dures shall not be interpreted as requiring the performing of any specific test i

31、n a given transaction.2. ReferencesThis standard shall be used in conjunction with the following standards. When the following standards aresuperseded by an approved revision, the latest revision shall apply.IEEE Std 43-2000, IEEE Recommended Practice for Testing Insulation Resistance of RotatingMac

32、hinery.1,21IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854,USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/).2The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are trademarks of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics En

33、gineers, Inc.IEEEStd 112-2004 IEEE STANDARD TEST PROCEDURE FOR2Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.IEEE Std 118-1978 (Reaff 1992), IEEE Standard Test Code for Resistance Measurements.IEEE Std 119-1974, IEEE Recommended Practice for General Principles of Temperature Measurement asApplied to Elec

34、trical Apparatus.3IEEE Std 120-1989 (Reaff 1997), IEEE Master Test Guide for Electrical Measurements in Power Circuits.3. General 3.1 Power Supply3.1.1 SelectionBecause the performance of an induction machine is dependent not only upon the value of the line voltageand frequency but also on the wave

35、shape and the balance in magnitude and phase angle of the line voltages,correct data can be obtained only by careful measurement with accurate instrumentation and by employing asuitable source of power.3.1.2 WaveformThe power supply shall provide balanced voltages closely approaching a sinusoidal wa

36、veform. The har-monic distortion coefficient, THD, shall not exceed 0.05. The THD is defined as shown in Equation (1).(1)whereE1is the root-mean-square value of the fundamental of the voltage wave, in volts (V), Eis the total root-mean-square value of the voltage wave, in V.3.1.3 Voltage unbalanceTh

37、e voltage unbalance shall not exceed 0.5%. The percent voltage unbalance equals 100 times the maximumvoltage deviation from the average voltage divided by the average voltage.Example: With line voltages of 220 V, 215 V, and 210 V, the average voltage is 215 V, the maximum devi-ation from the average

38、 is 5, and the unbalance equals (100 5)/215 = 2.3%.3.1.4 FrequencyFor general testing, the frequency shall be within 0.5% of the value required for the test being conducted,unless otherwise specified. Any departure from the specified frequency during the test directly affects theefficiency obtained

39、with Efficiency Test Methods A, B, and B1. When these Methods are used, the fre-quency shall be within 0.1% of the specified test value. 3IEEE Std 119-1974 has been withdrawn; however, copies can be obtained from Global Engineering, 15 Inverness Way East, Engle-wood, CO 80112-5704, USA, tel. (303) 7

40、92-2181 (http:/ INDUCTION MOTORS AND GENERATORS Std 112-2004Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.3Rapid changes in frequency cannot be tolerated during testing because such variations affect not only themachine being tested, but also the output measuring devices. Variations in frequency during a

41、 test shall notexceed 0.33% of the average frequency.3.2 Types of tests3.2.1 TypicalPolyphase induction machines are normally given a routine test, but they may also be given additional tests. For machine tests included in a typical routine test, refer to NEMA MG 1-2003 B74parts 12 and 20.A typical

42、form for reporting routine test data is shown in Annex B. A typical form for reporting additionaltest data is shown in Annex C. 3.2.2 Preliminary tests The measurement of the winding resistance is commonly the first test performed. The resistance or the con-tinuity of all windings and circuits shoul

43、d be measured at this time. The ambient temperature is measured using the procedure of IEEE Std 119-1974. If the machine has embed-ded detectors, these may be used to confirm that the winding is at the ambient temperature.3.2.3 Idle running testsRunning tests without load are made for the determinat

44、ion of core loss and windage and friction losses.Some other tests such as shaft voltage may also be performed under these conditions.3.2.4 Tests with loadTests with load are made for the determination of efficiency, power factor, speed, current, and temperaturerise. Some of the miscellaneous tests o

45、utlined in Clause 8 are also made with load. For all tests with load, themachine shall be properly aligned and securely fastened. For readings to be used in performance determina-tions, the machine temperature rise shall be some value between 50% and 120% of the rated temperaturerise. The usual proc

46、edure is to take readings at higher loads first and then follow with readings at lowerloads.3.2.5 Tests with rotor lockedIt should be recognized that the testing of induction machines under locked-rotor conditions with polyphasepower involves high mechanical stresses and high rates of heating. There

47、fore, it is necessary thata) The mechanical means of securing the machine and locking the rotor are of adequate strength to pre-vent possible injury to personnel or damage to equipment.b) The direction of rotation is established prior to the test.c) The machine is at approximately ambient temperatur

48、e before the test is started.The current and torque readings shall be taken as quickly as possible, and, to obtain representative values,the machine temperature should not exceed rated temperature rise plus 40 C. The readings for any pointshall be taken within 5 seconds after voltage is applied.4The

49、 numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex A.IEEEStd 112-2004 IEEE STANDARD TEST PROCEDURE FOR4Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.3.2.6 Choice of testsA complete list of tests covered by this standard is given in the table of contents. Alternate methods aredescribed for making many of the tests suitable for different sizes and types of machines and different condi-tions. In some cases, the preferred method is indicated. Also see 6.2.1.The sche