ANSI HPS N43.15-2001 Safe Design and Use of Self- Contained Wet Source Storage Gamma Irradiators (Category III) (Supplement 4).pdf
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1、ANSI/HPS N43.15-2001 Health Physics Society An American National Standard Safe Design and Use of Self- Contained Wet Source Storage Gamma Irradiators (Category III) Supplement 4 HEALTH PHYSICS 2001 ii ANSI/HPS N43.15-2001 American National Standard Safe Design and Use of Self-Contained Wet Source St
2、orage Gamma Irradiators (Category III) Approved March 2001 American National Standards Institute, Inc. iii Preface (This preface is not a part of American National Standard N43.15, Safe Design and Use of Self-Contained Wet Source Storage Gamma Irradiators (Category III). The 1950s and 1960s can be c
3、haracterized as the research era for radionuclide applications. Based on this research, a number of commercial gamma irradiators started operation in the early 1960s. Gamma irradiators are used for a variety of purposes in research, industry, and other fields. Typical uses are: 1. Sterilization or m
4、icrobial reduction in medical and pharmaceutical supplies. 2. Microbial reduction and disinfestation of food products. 3. Radiation effects studies. 4. Chemical and polymer synthesis and modifications. 5. Insect eradication through sterile male release programs. The number and types of irradiators s
5、upporting these and other applications are continually growing. Source requirements for any particular irradiator may vary from a few curies to several million curies. Irradiator designs can be many and varied to suit individual needs; therefore, it is essential to establish basic criteria to ensure
6、 a high standard of radiation safety in the design and use of irradiators, but in a way which does not unnecessarily restrict the logical use and growth of radionuclide applications. This standard sets forth basic safety standards which are recommended in irradiator design and use. Its use by Regula
7、tory Authorities, relative to the review of radionuclide applications, is encouraged. In the event of a conflict between this standard and federal or state regulation, the regulation shall take precedence. Because of the variety of designs, four general categories of irradiators have been establishe
8、d to facilitate preparation of standards. A separate standard establishes the criteria to be used in the design, fabrication, installation, use, and maintenance for each irradiator category. The categories are as follows: Category I - Self-contained, dry source storage irradiators. American National
9、 Standard N43.7. An irradiator in which the sealed source is completely contained in a dry container constructed of solid materials, the sealed source is shielded at all times, and human access to the sealed source and the volume undergoing irradiation is not physically possible in its designed conf
10、iguration. Category II - Panoramic, dry source storage irradiator. American National Standard N43.10. A controlled human access irradiator in which the sealed source is contained in a dry container constructed of solid materials, and the sealed source is fully shielded when not in use; the sealed so
11、urce is exposed within a radiation volume that is maintained inaccessible during use by an entry control system. Category III - Self-contained, wet source storage irradiator. American National Standard N43.15. An irradiator in which the sealed source is contained in a storage pool (usually containin
12、g water), the sealed source is shielded at all times, and human access to the sealed source and the volume undergoing irradiation is physically restricted in its designed configuration and proper mode of use. Category IV - Panoramic, wet source storage irradiator. American National Standard N43.10.
13、A controlled human access irradiator in which the sealed source is contained in a storage pool (usually containing water), and the sealed source is fully shielded when not in use; the sealed source is exposed within a radiation volume that is maintained inaccessible during use by an entry control sy
14、stem. iv Published by Health Physics Society 1313 Dolley Madison Blvd. Suite 402 McLean, VA 22101 Copyright 2001 by the Health Physics Society All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permiss
15、ion of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ANSI/HPS N43.15-2001 v CONTENTS 1. Scope .1 2. Definitions 1 3. General Considerations .3 3.1 Health Warning.3 3.2 Radiation Protection Criteria 3 3.3 Achieving Safe Operation.3 4. Sealed Sources3 4.1 General.3 4.2 Performance Requirement
16、s and Classification 3 4.3 Bend Test .5 4.4 Certification and Documentation 5 5. Radiation Measurements .5 5.1 General.5 5.2 Surveyor Qualifications.5 5.3 Instrument Calibration 5 5.4 Radiation Shielding Surveys 5 5.5 Radioactive Contamination Tests.6 5.6 Personnel Monitoring7 5.7 Source Transport C
17、ontainer Tests .7 5.8 Pool Water Conditioning System7 6. Responsibilities 7 6.1 General.7 6.2 Operating Instructions 8 6.3 Maintenance.8 6.4 Emergency Procedures8 6.5 Quality Assurance 8 6.6 Records 8 6.7 Service8 6.8 Safety Advisory.8 7. Operational Safety Features 9 7.1 Portable Radiation Survey M
18、eter and Check Source.9 7.2 Radiation Monitor .9 7.3 Radiation Warning Sign9 7.4 Personnel Access.9 7.5 Emergency Egress Capability 9 7.6 Product Exit Monitor .9 7.7 Warning Signals .9 7.8 Source Holder.11 vi 7.9 Source Guard .11 7.10 Product Positioning System .11 7.11 Pool Guard .11 7.12 Fire Exti
19、nguishing System11 7.13 Power FailureElectrical .11 7.14 Power FailureNon-Electrical .11 7.15 Site Considerations 11 7.16 Pool Water Supply11 8. Integrity of Radiation Shields and Barriers.11 8.1 Construction Monitoring and Acceptance.11 8.2 Source Storage Pool 11 8.3 Irradiator Room Shielding.12 8.
20、4 Personnel Access Door12 9. Source Storage 12 9.1 General.12 9.2 Pool Water Controls and Indicators12 9.3 Water Conditioning.12 9.4 Water Chilling .13 9.5 In-Pool Piping .13 9.6 Cleaning Source Storage Pools .13 9.7 Pool Lighting.13 10. Control Identification 13 10.1 Control Console13 10.2 Labeling
21、 13 10.3 Status Indicator Colors .13 11. Installation, Removal, Transfer and Safety Related Service .13 11.1 Authorized Personnel .13 11.2 Qualifications14 11.3 Responsibility .14 11.4 Records 14 11.5 Underwater Tools and Servicing 14 11.6 Source Manipulation.14 12. Administrative Procedures .14 12.
22、1 Written Instructions and Operational Requirements 14 12.2 Controlled Access and Use 15 13. Operator Qualifications 16 14. Removal, Transfer, or Disposal of Damaged Sources and Contaminated Material16 14.1 Damaged or Leaking Source16 15. Revision of American National Standards Referred to in This D
23、ocument.16 vii 16. References.17 Appendix Appendix A Radiation Measurements18 A.1 Portable Radiation Monitoring Instruments .18 A.1.1 Instrument Selection .18 A.1.2 Calibration.19 A.1.3 Performing Radiation and Contamination Surveys.20 A.2 Radiation Measurements with Instruments Other Than Portable
24、Radiation Monitoring Instruments21 A.2.1 Instrument Selection .21 A.2.2 Calibration.21 A.2.3 Performing Radiation Measurements with Fixed Instruments 21 A.3 References 22 Figures Fig 1 - Bend test parameters. 4 Fig 2 - Safety features for a typical Category III 10 viii Members of Subcommittee N43.15
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