ANSI AWWA A100-2006 Water Wells《水井》.pdf

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1、The Authoritative Resource on Safe WaterSMANSI/AWWA A100-06(Revision of ANSI/AWWA A100-97)AWWA StandardEffective date: August 1, 2006.First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors May 10, 1946.This edition approved Feb. 12, 2006.Approved by American National Standards Institute June 12, 2006.Wat

2、er WellsAdvocacyCommunicationsConferencesEducation and TrainingH17012 Science and TechnologySections6666 West Quincy AvenueDenver, CO 80235-3098T 800.926.7337www.awwa.orgCopyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking per

3、mitted without license from IHS-,-,-iiAWWA StandardThis document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standardsdescribe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normallycontained in specifications

4、. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of thestandard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWApublication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AW

5、WA test, certify,or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. AWWA standards are intended to represent aconsensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revisesor withdraws this standard, an official notice of

6、action will be placed on the first page of the classified advertisingsection of Journal AWWA. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of JournalAWWA publication of the official notice.American National StandardAn American National Standard implies a consensus o

7、f those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. AnAmerican National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. Theexistence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person hasapproved the

8、 standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or proceduresnot conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautionedto obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an Amer

9、ican National Standard areencouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that thegoods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards.CAUTION NOTICE: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date

10、on the front cover of this standardindicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn atany time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than fiveyears from the date of publicati

11、on. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on allstandards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York,NY 10036; (212) 642-4900.Science and TechnologyAWWA unites the entire water community by developi

12、ng and distributing authoritative scientific and technologicalknowledge. Through its members, AWWA develops industry standards for products and processes that advance publichealth and safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater utilities.All rights reserved. No p

13、art of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronicor mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of briefexcerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publishe

14、r. Copyright 2006 by American Water Works AssociationPrinted in USACopyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-iiiCommittee PersonnelThe AWWA Standards Committee on Wells, which

15、reviewed and approved this standard,had the following personnel at the time of approval:Ernest B. Williams, ChairGeneral Interest MembersW.A. Kelley, Fishbeck Thompson Carr a recommended procedure for sealing abandoned wellswas added as appendix Sec. A1-13; and the standard was published on June 18,

16、1952, titled “Standard for Deep Wells.” The standard was revised on Jan. 26, 1958,and was adopted jointly by AWWA and the National Water Well Association(NWWA). The standard was revised again in 1966. In 1984, the standard wasreorganized substantially and revised to be a standard for well constructi

17、on, ratherthan a specification, and republished under the title “Standard for Water Wells.” Thestandard was again revised in 1990 and 1997. This ninth edition was approved bythe AWWA Board of Directors on Feb. 12, 2006.I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA) enter

18、ed into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSFInternational (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and acertification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Othermembers of the original consortium included the American Water Works AssociationResea

19、rch Foundation (AwwaRF) and the Conference of State Health and Environ-mental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA)and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later.In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact w

20、ith,drinking water rests with individual states.*Local agencies may choose to impose*Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction.Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or netw

21、orking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-xrequirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the healtheffects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and localagencies may use various references, including1. An advisory program formerly adminis

22、tered by USEPA, Office of DrinkingWater, discontinued on Apr. 7, 1990.2. Specific policies of the state or local agency.3. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF, NSF*/ANSI60,Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, DrinkingWater System ComponentsHealth Effects.

23、4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex, WaterChemicals Codex,and other standards considered appropriate by the state or localagency.Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products inaccordance with NSF/ANSI 61. Individual states or local agenci

24、es have authority toaccept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditationof certification organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 61does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL

25、) of a contaminant for substancesnot regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs ofan unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testingguidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens).Use of Annex A procedures may not

26、 always be identical, depending on the certifier.ANSI/AWWA A100 does not address additives requirements. Users of thisstandard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction inorder to1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards.2. Determine the statu

27、s of certifications by all parties offering to certify prod-ucts for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water.3. Determine current information on product certification.* NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Four

28、th Floor, New York, NY10036.Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, N.W.,Washington, DC 20001. Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-

29、,-xiII. Special Issues.II.A. Screen Capacity. The physical conditions of aquifers, as well as theexperience and practice related to their utilization as groundwater resources, varybetween well sites and geographic regions. Historically, a common practice for sizingwell-screen length and diameter was

30、 based on screen open area and inlet velocity(entrance velocity). However, the recommended upper limit for this screen inletvelocity has varied greatly among designers and remains a subject of considerabletechnical debate. Many designers have, for various technical reasons, limited well-screen entra

31、nce velocities to not exceed 0.1 ft/sec (0.03 m/sec). Others have used anddemonstrated successful well designs and installations with velocities substantiallyexceeding 0.1 ft/sec (0.03 m/sec), and the previous edition of this standard proposedan upper limit of entrance velocity of 1.5 ft/sec (0.46 m

32、/sec).Based on a significant body of ongoing research within the groundwater industry,the Committee recognizes as part of this current standard that there is no singular,uniquely defined criterion for permissible velocity through the screen slot openingsthat is solely suitable for designing a well s

33、creen without consideration of the aquifercharacteristics and the manner of well construction. In particular, the aspects of flowsurrounding the well screen, in the filter, and at the filteraquifer interface are knownto play a prominent role in the wells performance, and are, in fact, more influenti

34、althan screen entrance velocity in determining screen dimensions. Similarly, the sizingof screen length and diameter are greatly influenced by the aquifer thickness,stratigraphic layering, and pump size. Accordingly, the applicable design approachmust be regarded as a multifaceted and dynamic proble

35、m. Within this context, thecurrent edition of the standard no longer recommends screen design solely on thebasis of screen entrance velocity criterion (Sec. 4.5.3).III. Use of This Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWAstandard to determine that the products described in that stan

36、dard are suitable for usein the particular application being considered.III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. The following items should be spec-ified by the purchaser:1. Standard usedthat is, ANSI/AWWA A100, Standard for Water Wells, oflatest revision.2. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 61, Dr

37、inking Water SystemComponentsHealth Effects, is required, in addition to the requirements of the SafeDrinking Water Act.Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-xii3. Scope of

38、 the exploratory investigation (Sec. 4.2.1).4. Whether additional formation samples are needed (Sec. 4.2.2.2).5. Time, place, and mode of sample delivery (Sec. 4.2.2.5).6. Type of geophysical log desired, if any (Sec. 4.2.3).7. Details of other federal, state, local, and provincial requirements (Sec

39、. 4.3).8. Options for type of casing material (Sec. 4.3.2).9. Whether the purchaser wants to specify temporary casings (Sec. 4.4.1).10. If minimum casing thickness tables can be used safely for the conditionsencountered (Sec. 4.4.5).11. Determination of the capacity of the well screen by careful eva

40、luation of thecomposition of the aquifer. (The well-screen selection should be made by a qualifiedprofessional engineer, hydrogeologist, or well-drilling constructor.) (See Sec. 4.5 andSec. II.A, Screen Capacity, of the Foreword.)12. Maximum rate of flow from well (Sec. 4.5.2 and 4.5.3).13. Availabl

41、e options for screen construction (Sec. 4.5.7).14. Alternate alignment tolerance (Sec. 4.7.9.4 and appendix D).15. The depth of the completed well, which defines the lower limit to whichconstruction tolerances are to be applied (Sec. 4.7.9.5).16. Accuracy of water-level measurements (Sec. E.2.2 in a

42、ppendix E).17. Flow rate for performance testing (Sec. E.4.2 in appendix E).III.B. Modification to Standard. Any modifications to the provisions, defini-tions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.IV. Major Revisions. Major revisions made to the standard in this editioni

43、nclude the following:1. The format has been changed to AWWA standard style.2. The definitions of parties have been revised to approved wording.3. The standard no longer endorses the use of screen entrance velocity as thesole criterion for determining the minimum length of well screen. This issue isa

44、ddressed by changes in Section II of the Foreword and Sec. 4.5.3, 4.5.4, and 4.5.5.3of the standard. In addition, appendix L has been added to provide illustrative exam-ples of calculations of well-screen length versus entrance velocity, using differentscreen open areas and design velocities.4. Tabl

45、e K.4 in appendix K has been updated to reflect current industry prop-erties for PVC well casing.Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-xiii5. Two tables in appendix K of th

46、e previous standard have been removed fromthis revision of the standard. Former Tables K.5 for ABS well casing and K.6 for SRwell casing have been discontinued, as these products are no longer widely used forwater well construction.V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standa

47、rd,please call the AWWA Volunteer (2) strata thickness; (3) lithology,Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-8 AWWA A100-06including size, range, and shape of constituent pa

48、rticles, as well as smoothness, rocktype, and rate of penetration; and (4) such special notes as might be helpful. Thedescription shall conform to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) standardgradation of grain sizes shown in Table 1.4.2.6 Identification of principal aquifers.4.2.6.1 Identific

49、ation of principal aquifers using geophysical borehole logs.Principal aquifers occurring throughout the depth of a well shall be identified usinginterpretation of results generated by geophysical borehole logging devices. Identifi-cation shall be made by a qualified engineer, hydrogeologist, or well constructor.4.2.6.2 Identification of principal aquifers using formation samples. Di