ANSI ASTM F2713-2014 Standard Specification for Eye Protectors for Field Hockey.pdf

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1、Designation: F2713 14 An American National StandardStandard Specification forEye Protectors for Field Hockey1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2713; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las

2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers eye protectors with a plano(that is, non-prescription) lens or without a lens, designed foruse

3、by players of field hockey, that minimize or significantlyreduce injury to the eye and adnexa due to impact by andpenetration of field hockey balls and field hockey sticks.Contact with the eye of the headform constitutes failure.Protective eyewear offers protection only to the eyes and doesnot prote

4、ct other parts of the head.1.2 Testing is done in a laboratory setting. Eye contact isdetermined by observation.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly. Metric units of measurement in this specification are inaccord

5、ance with the International System of Units (SI). If avalue for measurement as given in this specification is followedby an equivalent value in other units, the first stated is to beregarded as the requirement. A given equivalent value may beapproximate.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertain

6、s only to thetest methods portion (Sections 8, 9, and 10) of this specifica-tion: This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determi

7、ne the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent PlasticsF1887 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Resti-tution (COR) of Baseballs and SoftballsF1888 Test Method for Comp

8、ression-Displacement of Base-balls and Softballs2.2 ANSI Standards:3ANSI Z80.3 Requirements for Nonprescription Sunglassesand Fashion EyewearANSI Z87.1 Practice for Occupational and Educational Eyeand Face Protectors2.3 Federal Standard:National Institute of Standards and Technology SpecialTechnical

9、 Publication 374 Method for Determining theResolving Power of Photographic Lenses43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 binocular, adjrelating to the field of view which isshared by both eyes simultaneously; also any simultaneousactivity of the two eyes.3.1.2 central

10、 viewing zone, nthat part of the eye of aprotector, which has its center in line with the wearers normalline of sight.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe zone is circular in shape, and 40mm in diameter. The center of the central viewing zone shall bethe point of intersection of the line of sight with the lens asm

11、ounted on the CSA headform.53.1.3 cleanable, nability of a protective device to be madereadily free of dirt or grime without being damaged during anappropriate cleaning process, such as the use of soap and water.3.1.4 coeffcient of restitution, nfractional value represent-ing the ratio of velocities

12、 before and after an impact.3.1.5 compression-deflection, nforce required to compressa ball a given distance.3.1.6 coverage, ncharacteristic of a protective device thatobstructs straight line paths that are coincident with thewearers eyes.3.1.7 definition (optical), ncharacteristic of a lens thatall

13、ows separate distinct points in close proximity to be dis-cerned when looking through the lens.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.57 on Eye Safety for Sports.Curr

14、ent edition approved Sept. 1, 2014. Published September 2014. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F2713 13. DOI:10.1520/F2713-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book

15、 of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST),

16、100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.5Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Unit

17、ed States13.1.8 eye, nrelating to the eye of a test headform or theeye of a person wearing a protector or that part of an eyeprotective device through which a wearers eye would nor-mally look.3.1.9 eye of the headform, nall structures contained withinthe orbital rim of the CSA headform.53.1.10 haze,

18、 nfraction of the total transmitted light from anormally incident beam which is not trans mitted in a focusedcondition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects.3.1.10.1 DiscussionExcessive haze will reduce contrastand visibility.3.1.11 headform optical parameters, nkey dimensions forthe headfo

19、rms.3.1.12 impact resistance, nability of a device to affordprotection from impact as required by this specification.3.1.13 lens, nwhen so equipped, the transparent part orparts of a protective device through which the wearer normallysees.3.1.14 luminous transmittance, nfunction of the spectraltrans

20、mittance of the lens weighted by the correspondingordinates of the photopic luminous efficiency distribution ofthe CIE (1931) standard colorimetric observer and by thespectral intensity of standard Illuminant C. (See ANSI Z80.3,Paragraph 3.9.1.)3.1.15 normal lines of sight, nstraight ahead horizonta

21、llines that intersect the center of the eyes of the appropriateheadform.3.1.16 penetration resistance, nability of a device toafford protection from moving objects as required by thisspecification.3.1.17 power imbalance, nrelates to the condition inwhich the refractive power of the lens or lenses of

22、 a protectoris different as presented to the two eyes.3.1.18 prism, ndevice that bends a beam of light as aresult of the lack of parallelism of the two surfaces of a lensthrough which the beam of light traverses.3.1.18.1 DiscussionThe amount of bending is a functionof the curvatures, thickness, inde

23、x of refraction of the materialand the angle of approach of the line of sight to the opticalsurface. In this specification, prism refers to the amount ofbending that is imposed upon the line of sight of a wearer of aneye protector for the specified viewing position. Prism isexpressed in diopters. Th

24、e deviation of the line of sight by 1cm/m is one prism diopter.3.1.18.1 base-in, nrelating to the type of prism imbalancethat tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through aprotector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to con-verge.3.1.18.2 base-out, nrelating to the type of prism

25、imbal-ance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing througha protector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, todiverge.3.1.18.3 base-up, nrefers to the type of prism that causesa horizontal beam of light to bend upward causing objects toappear lower than their true position.3.1.18.

26、4 base-down, nrefers to the type of prism thatcauses a horizontal beam of light to bend down causing objectsto appear higher than their true position.3.1.19 prism imbalance, n3.1.19.1 horizontal imbalance, ndifference in prismaticdeviation of incident parallel light beams on the two eyes of aprotect

27、ive device in the horizontal meridian. (See base-in andbase-out).3.1.19.2 vertical imbalance, ndifference in prismatic de-viation between parallel light beams incident on the two eyesof a protective device in the vertical meridian.3.1.20 protective device (or protector), ndevice that pro-vides prote

28、ction to the wearers eye against specific hazardsencountered in sports.3.1.21 refractive power, nfocusing effect of a lens ex-pressed in diopters.3.1.21.1 astigmatism, ncondition in a lens that creates twoaxially separated line foci of each object point, the lines beingmutually perpendicular. In oth

29、er words, the lens has twodifferent refractive powers in meridians that are 90 apart.3.1.22 scotoma, nblind or partially blind area within thevisual field.3.1.23 spherical power, naverage of the maximum meridi-onal astigmatic power and the minimum meridional astigmaticpower of a lens.4. Classificati

30、on4.1 Eye protectors are classified into the following types:4.1.1 Type IA protector with the plano lens or lenses andframe frontpiece molded as one unit. Frame temples or otherdevices, such as straps, to affix the lens/frontpiece may beseparate pieces.4.1.2 Type IIA protector with the plano lens or

31、 lensesmounted in a frame that was manufactured as a separate unit.4.1.3 Type IIIA protector without a lens.5. General Requirements5.1 Materials of Construction:5.1.1 The manufacturers choice of material shall be inaccordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3.5.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearers

32、faceshall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.5.1.3 Materials coming into contact with the wearers face,except replaceable padding, shall not undergo significant lossof strength or flexibility, or other physical change as a result ofperspiration, oil, or grease from the wearers skin and

33、hair.5.1.3.1 Manufacturer will provide material selection and, byaffidavit supplied to the laboratory conducting the tests per-formed pursuant to this specification, support 5.1.1 5.1.3.5.1.4 CleanabilityProtective devices shall be capable ofbeing cleaned to the degree that when conditioned in accor

34、-dance with the method described in 9.1, they shall remainfunctional in all ways.5.2 Finishes and ConstructionThe protector shall be con-structed in a manner to prevent the missile or components ofF2713 142the protector from contact with the eye of the headform whentested in accordance with Section

35、10.5.3 Straps are not required on eye protectors, provided theprotector passes the standard without straps.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Optical RequirementsType I and II Protectors:6.1.1 Refractive TolerancesWhen tested in accordancewith 8.6, the spherical power shall be in the range of +0.06diopt

36、ers to 0.18 diopters.6.1.2 AstigmatismWhen tested in accordance with 8.5, theastigmatism shall not exceed 0.12 diopter.6.1.3 Power ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with8.5, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians shall notexceed 0.18 diopters between the two eyes for straight-aheadseeing.6.

37、1.4 PrismFor the primary viewing position of either eyeof a shield or pair of lenses, the prism deviation shall notexceed 0.50 prism diopters when tested in accordance with 8.3.6.1.5 Prism Imbalance:6.1.5.1 Vertical and Base-In0.25 prism diopters.6.1.5.2 Base-Out0.50 prism diopters.6.1.6 Luminous Tr

38、ansmittanceWhen tested in accordancewith 8.2, protectors shall have a luminous transmittance of notless than 85 % for a clear device and not less than 20 % fortinted devices. Additionally, the difference in values as wouldbe viewed by the two eyes through a single protector as wornshall not exceed 0

39、.9 to 1.1 times the other value (measured atthe design line of sight) unless specifically prescribed by anophthalmic professional.6.1.7 Ultraviolet TransmittanceUVB (290315 nm), clearprotectors, 5 % maximum, sunglass types, 1 % maximum.UVA(315380 nm), clear protectors, 50 % maximum, sunglasstypes, 0

40、.5 luminous transmittance.6.1.8 HazeWhen tested in accordance with 8.4, the hazein the protector shall not exceed 3 %.6.1.9 Lenses that exhibit any distortion or doubling of theimage during the test for refractive power or prism shall befurther tested in accordance with 8.1.6.1.10 Optical QualityWit

41、hin the central viewing zone,striae warpage, surface ripples, lenticulations, or abrupt opticalchanges that are visible under the test conditions of 8.1 and thatwould impair the function of the lens shall be cause forrejection. Visual impairment is defined by the scanning andfocimeter test of 8.1.6.

42、1.11 Surface and Internal DefectsPits, scratches,bubbles, grayness, specks, cracks, and water marks that arevisible under the test conditions of 8.6 and that would impairthe function of the lens shall be a cause for rejection. Graynessshould be evaluated by the requirements of 6.1.6.6.2 Mechanical R

43、equirements:6.2.1 No contact with the eye of the headform shall bepermitted when tested in accordance with Section 10.6.2.2 When tested in accordance with Section 10, displacedfragments or complete fracture of any components of the eyeprotector excluding padding constitutes a failure.6.2.3 When test

44、ed in accordance with Section 10, anydisplacement of the lens from the frame and that contacts theeye, constitutes a failure.6.2.4 A protector that is dislodged from the test headformwhen tested in accordance with Section 10 shall not constitutea failure, provided all of the above mechanical require

45、mentsare met.7. Sample Preparation7.1 Only new and complete eye protectors as offered forsale shall be tested.7.2 Protectors shall be conditioned and tested at twotemperatures, 35 6 2C and 6 6 2C for a minimum of 4 h.TEST METHODS8. Optical Tests8.1 Optical QualityLocalized power errors or aberration

46、sthat are detected by the visual inspection procedure of 8.1.1 arepermissible if no measurable or gross focimeter or telescopetarget distortion or blur is found when the localized area isexamined with an instrument as indicated in 8.1.2.8.1.1 Inspection ProcedureOne method of optical inspec-tion is

47、to view a high-contrast grid pattern of dark and whitelines through the lens, scanning it area by area and moving itabout. The grid pattern should be at least 18 by 18 in. andconstructed of high contrast black lines on a white background(the white separations being equal to the black lines, both bei

48、ngapproximately14 in. wide). The target should be at least 6 to 8ft from the observer, and the lens should be held at least 18 to24 in. from the eye.Any ripples in the lens detected by this testmethod should be further examined in accordance with 8.1.2.8.1.2 The referee method of detecting optical d

49、efects andlocal aberrations is to scan the central viewing zone, especiallyareas of suspicion arising from the visual test of 8.1.1. The lensor shield should be scanned with a precision focimeter or an 8to 10 telescope using the targets and arrangements describedin 8.5.2. The aperture should be 5 to 7 mm for this examina-tion. Areas outside the central viewing zone or within 6 mm ofthe edge need not be tested. When the central viewing area isscanned, there shall be no sudden jump, doubling, or blurringof the