ANSI ASME PTC10-1997 Performance Test Code on Compressors and Exhausters《压缩机和排气机的性能试验规则》.pdf

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1、 - INDD PTC*LO 65 2595532 0077975 273 = ASME-PTCIO ADOPTION NOTICE ASME-PTC10, “Compressors and Exhausters,“ was adopted on October 3, 1994 for use by the Department of Defense (DoD). Proposed changes by DoD activities must be submitted to the DoD Adopting Activity: Director, US Army Mobility Techno

2、logy Center/Belvoir, ATTN: AMSTA-RBES, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-5606. DoD activities may obtain copies of this standard from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. The private sector and other Government agencies may purchase copies from

3、the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. Custodians: Army - ME Navy - YD-1 Air Force - 99 Adopting Activity Army - ME FSC 4310 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. distribution is unlimited. Approved for public release; Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS

4、 under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-i - i- I /- I /- L Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-STD-ASME PTC LO-ENGL 1997 D

5、 0757b70 b05422 211 ASME PTC 10-1997 Performance Test Code on Lompressors and Exhausters Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-STD-ASME PTC LO-ENGL 1997 0759b70 Oh05923 158 m Date of Issuan

6、ce: September 30, 1998 This document will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition. There will be no addenda issued to ASME PTC 10-1997. Please Note: ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretation of technical aspects of this document. The interpretation

7、s are not part of the document. PTC 10-1997 is being issued with an automatic subscription service to the interpreta- tions that will be issued to it up to the publication of the next edition. ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This code or standard was

8、 developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or stand

9、ard was made available for public review and comment which provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large. ASME does not “approve,“ “rate,“ or “endorse“ any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. ASME does not t

10、ake any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable Letters Patent, nor assume any such liability. Users

11、of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Participation by federal agency representative(s) or personb) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted

12、 as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard. ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations issued in accordancewith governing ASME procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers. No part of this document may be reprodu

13、ced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 Copyright (B 1998 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All Rights Reserved Printe

14、d in U.S.A. Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,- STD-ASME PTC LO-ENGL 1777 0757b70 Ob05Li24 094 FOREWORD (This Foreword is not a part of ASME PTC 10-1997.) PTC 10 was last revised in 1965

15、 and it has been reaffirmed many times in the intervening period. The PTC 10 Committee has been in various states of activity for approximately the past 20 years. During that time the Code has been completely rewritten to be far more explanatory in nature. The performance testing of compressors is c

16、omplicated by the need in virtually every case to consider and make correction for the differences between the test and specified conditions. The techniques used to do so are based upon the rules of fluid-dynamic similarity. Some familiarity with this fundamental technique will be a significant aid

17、to the users of PTC IO. Compressors and exhausters come in all sorts of configurations. A very simple case is a single section compressor with one impeller, and single inlet and outlet flanges. Many more complex arrangements exist with multiple inlets, outlets, impellers, sections, in- tercoolers an

18、d side seams. Typical gases handled are air, its constituents, and various hydrocarbons. Tests are commonly run in the shop or in the field, at speeds equal to or different from the specified speed, and with the specified or a substitute gas. In order to handle this vast array of possibilities PTC 1

19、0 reduces the problem to the simplest element, the section, and provides the instructions for combining multiple sections to compute the overall results. Uncertainty analysis can play a very important role in compressor testing, from the design of the test to interpretation of the test results. In a

20、ll but the very simplest of cases the development of an analytic formulation, .e., in simple equation form, for overall uncertainty computation is formidable. The test uncertainty will always be increasingly more complex to evaluate with the complexity of the compressor configuration, and by the ver

21、y nature of the test will be a function of the performance curves. The modern personal computer is readily capable of completing the calculations re- quired. The Committee developed software and used it to perform both the basic code calculations and uncertainty analysis computations for a wide rang

22、e of possible compressor configurations. This Code was approved by the PTC 1 O Committee on January 18,1991. It was approved and adopted by the Council as a standard practice of the Society by action of the Board on Performance Test Codes on October 14, 1996. It was also approved as an American Nati

23、onal Standard by the ANSI Board of Standards Review on April 22, 1997. iii Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,- STD-ASME PTC LO-ENGL li997 D 0759b70 Ob05925 T20 NOTICE All Performance Tes

24、t Codes MUST adhere to the requirements of PTC 1, GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS. The following information is based on that document and is included here for emphasis and for the convenience of the user of this Code. It is expected that the Code user is fully cognizant of Parts I and III of PTC I and has rea

25、d them prior to applying this Code. ASME Performance Test Codes provide test procedures which yield results of the highest level of accuracy consistent with the best engineering knowledge and practice currently available. They were developed by balanced committees representing all concerned interest

26、s. They specify procedures, instrumentation, equipment operating requirements, calculation methods, and uncertainty analysis. When tests are run in accordance with this Code, the test results themselves, without adjust- ment for uncertainty, yield the best available indication of the actual performa

27、nce of the tested equipment. ASME Performance Test Codes do not specify means to compare those results to contractual guarantees. Therefore, it is recommended that the parties to a commercial test agree before starting the test and preferably before signing the contract on the method to be used for

28、comparing the test results to the contractual guarantees. It is beyond the scope of any code to determine or interpret how such comparisons shall be made. Approved by Letter Ballot #95-1 and BEC Administrative Meeting of March 13-14, 1995 IV Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license

29、 with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-PERSONNEL OF PERFORMANCE TEST CODE COMMITTEE NO. 10 ON COMPRESSORS AND EXHAUSTERS (The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Code.) OFFICERS Gordon J. Gerber, Chair Richard J

30、. Gross, Vice Chair jack H. Karian, Secretary COMMITTEE PERSONNEL Helmut B. Baranek, Public Service Electric for example, intercooled com- pressors handling moist air; the capacity shall be measured at the compressor discharge. (For atmo- spheric exhausters the flow shall be measured at the inlet.)

31、Care shall be taken to assure that there is no liquid carry-over from the intercoolers. 3.3.6 Volume flow ratios may in practice differ between test and specified operating conditions due to leakage differences. For example, it is common to test at reduced inlet pressure and the reduced differential

32、 pressure across a seal to atmosphere could result in zero or negative leakage. As a result, volume flow ratio equality can not be achieved between test and specified conditions. Therefore, it shall be necessary to estimate the leakage ratio; that is, the leakage mass flow divided by the inlet mass

33、flow for both test and specified conditions. If the leakage ratio difference between test and specified is significant, these effects shall be applied to the calculations of capacity and power. 13 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or ne

34、tworking permitted without license from IHS-,-STD-ASME PTC 10-ENGL 1777 W 0757b70 Ob05Y92 OOT W ASME PTC 1 O- 1997 COMPRESSORS AND EXHAUSTERS TABLE 3.4 PERMISSIBLE FLUCTUATIONS OF TEST READINGS Measurement Symbol Units Fluctuation inlet pressure inlet temperature Discharge pressure Nozzle differenti

35、al Nozzle temperature Speed Torque Electric motor input Molecular weight Cooling water inlet temperature Cooling water flow rate Line voltage pressure MW T psia “R psia psi OR rPm Ibf * ft kW Ibdlbmole OR gal/min volts 2% 2% 0.5% 2% 0.5% 1 Yo 1 Yo 0.25% 0.5% 0.5% Note (2)1 2% 2% GENERAL NOTES: (a) A

36、 fluctuation is the percent difference between the minimum and maximum test reading divided by the average of all readings. (b) Permissible fluctuations apply to Type 1 and Type 2 tests. NOTES (1) See para. 5.4.2.3. (2) See para. 4.1 6 for further restrictions. Multiple exit Power in r- - L lest sec

37、tion /1 I I I - - - - - - - I boundary I c - Multiple streams entry -7 I - 1- - - - - 4 I Heat transfer FIG. 3.1 SECTION CONTROL VOLUMES 14 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-STD-ASME PT

38、C 10-ENGL 1777 0759b70 Ob05LiLi3 Tqb COMPRESSORS AND EXHAUSTERS In many cases it is not practical to measure the leakage flow and it is permissible to use calculated values of leakage for test and specified conditions. 3.3.7 Where the efficiency is to be determined by shaft input power measurements

39、the bearing and seal losses should not exceed 10 percent of the total test power. This will minimize the effect of uncertainties in the bearing and seal loss determina- tion of gas power. 3.3.8 Evaluation of performance of components between sections, if any, such as heat exchangers, piping, valves,

40、 etc., is generally beyond the scope of this Code and shall be agreed upon by parties to the test. The specified operating condition per- formance of such components or the technique for correction of test results to specified operating conditions shall be agreed upon by parties to the test. 3.3.9 W

41、hen power is to be determined by the heat balance method, the heat losses due to radiation and convection, expressed in percent of the total shaft power, shall not exceed 5 percent. 3.3.10 For Type 2 tests, the inlet gas condition shall have a minimum of 5F of superheat. 3.4 TEST CAS AND SPEED 3.4.1

42、 The physical and thermodynamic properties of the specified and test gas shall be known. The option of using tabulated data, an equation of state correlation, or experimental determination as a source for these properties shall be agreed upon prior to the test. 3.4.2 The following physical propertie

43、s of the test gas throughout the expected pressure and tempera- ture range shall be known or accurately determined: (a) molecular weight (b) specific heat at constant pressure (cp) (c) ratio of specific heats (c&) (d) compressibility factor (Z) (e) dew point (g) isentropic exponent (h) enthalpy (i)

44、acoustic velocity (fl viscosity 3.4.3 The test speed shall be selected so as to conform to the limits of Table 3.2. The test speed shall not exceed the safe operating speed of the compressor. Consideration should be given to critical ASME PTC 10-1997 speeds of rotating equipment in selecting the tes

45、t speed. Test pressures and temperatures shall not exceed the maximum allowable pressures and temperatures for the compressor. 3.5 INTERMEDIATE FLOW STREAMS 3.5.1 Section Treatment. Compressors having flows added or removed at intermediate locations between the inlet and final discharge are handled

46、by treating the compressor by sections. The gas state and flow rate shall be established for each stream where it crosses the section boundary. 3.5.2 It is necessary to maintain a consistency between specified volume flow rate ratio and test volume flow rate ratio for each section. Permissible devia

47、tions from these ratios are listed in Fig. 3.2. As an example, in the first section of a multisection compressor, the ratio of inlet volume flow rate to discharge volume flow rate for the specified and test conditions must be held to within +5 percent which is the same as that required for conventio

48、nal compressors in Table 3.2. In addition, it is required that the ratio of first stage section discharge flow rate to second section inlet volume flow rate for the specified and test conditions be held to within I10 percent. This is required so that the total pressure determined at the sidestream f

49、lange will have the same relationship to the total pressure actually existing at the exit of the first section bound- ary for specified and test conditions. For the second and succeeding sections the re- quirements are similar. The ratio of inlet volume flow rate to discharge volume flow rate for specified and test conditions must be held to within +5 percent. Also, the preceding section discharge volume flow rate