ANSI ASME PTC 6S REPORT-1988 Procedures for Routine Performance Tests of Steam Turbines.pdf

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1、Procedures for Routine Performance Tests of Steam Turbines (Not Intended for Acceptance Testing) ASME PTC 65 Report-1988 REVISION OF ASME PTC 65 REPORT-1970 (R1985) PERFORMANCE TEST CODES THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS United Engineering Center 345 East 47th Street New York, N.Y. 10017

2、 Date of Issuance: December 15, 1989 This document will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of the next edition, scheduled for 1992. There will be no Addenda issued to PTC 6S Report-1988. Please Note: ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretation of technical aspec

3、ts of this document. PTC 6S Report-1988 is being issued with an automatic subscription service to the interpretations that will be issued to it up to the publication of the 1992 Edition. ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This code or standard was devel

4、oped under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Consensus Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard wa

5、s made available for public review and comment which provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large. ASME does not “approve,“ “rate,“ or “endorse“ any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. ASME does not take an

6、y position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and dces not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable Letters Patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a c

7、ode or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as g

8、overnment or industry endorsement of this; code or standard. ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations issued in accordance with governing ASME procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual vol unteers. No part of this document may be reproduce

9、d in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of tlhe publisher. Copyright 1989 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All Rights Reserved Printed in the U.S.A. FOREWORD (This Foreword is not part of ASME PTC 65 Report-1988.) Users of bo

10、th large and small turbines have experienced an increasing need for procedures for routine turbine tests which trend performance with time. The use of full-scale ASME Per formance Test Code procedures and instrumentation for this purpose is expensive and pro duces information and accuracy beyond tha

11、t necessary for periodic monitoring. When ASME Performance Test Code Committee No. 6 was reorganized to revise PTC 6-1949, it was charged also with developing simplified procedures for periodic tests. Because of the routine nature of the tests, these procedures were to emphasize repeatability of res

12、ults rather than absolute accuracy and thus provide a more economic means of monitoring perfor mance trends. This Report reflects the consensus of knowledgeable engineers and contains recom mended procedures for collecting sufficiently accurate data to permit analyses of perfor mance trends. Recomme

13、ndations are given which include advance planning, cycle isola tion, and suggested presentation of results. Emphasis is placed upon the use of accurate in strumentation, approaching measurement uncertainties required by the Code, for the measurement of critical variables that are part of the heat-ra

14、te equation. Other instrumenta tion is specified to produce results of good accuracy and of a high degree of repeatability. With the application of automatic dataclogging and on-line computer systems to the plant cy cle, the procedures presented in this Report, when applied to this end, should satis

15、fy the needs of users of both large and small turbines. Procedures recommended in this Report are not intended to produce abolute levels of performance. If absolute performance level is required, the ASME Test Code for Steam Tur bines, PTC 6, 1976, reaffirmed 1985, or the Interim Test Code for an Al

16、ternative Procedure for Testing Steam Turbines, PTC 6.1, 19841 should be followed. For other levels of accuracy, where the test instrumentation varies from the Test Code specified procedure, the Report by PTC Committee No.6 on “Guidance for Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty in Perfor mance Tests

17、 of Steam Turbines,“ 1985 should be consulted. Users of this Report are requested to comment and provide to the Committee supporting data obtained with these procedures. Such comment and repeatability data covering long term and/or extensive experience will provide guidance for subsequent revisions

18、of this Re port. User suggestions and data should be submitted to the Secretary, ASME Performance Test Codes Committee, 345 East 47th Street, New York, New York 10017. This Report was approved by the ASME Board on Performance Test Codes and adopted as a standard practice of the Society on May 8, 198

19、8. It was approved as an American National Standard by the ANSI Board of Standards Review on September 8, 1988. iii All ASME codes are copyrighted, with all rights reservd to the Society. Reproduction of this or any other ASME code is a violation of Federal Law. Legalities aside, the user should ap

20、preciate that the publishing of the high quality codes that have typified ASME documents re quires a substantial commitment by the Society. Thousands of volunteers work diligently to develop these codes. They participate on their own or with a sponsors assistance and pro duce documents that meet the

21、 requirements of an ASME concensus standard. The codes are very valuable pieces of literature to industry and commerce, and the effort to improve these “living documents“ and develop additional needed codes must be continued. The monies spent for research and further code development, administrative

22、 staff support and publica tion are essential and constitute a substantial drain on ASME. The purchase price of these documents helps offset these costs. User reproduction undermines this system and repre sents an added financial drain on ASME. When extra copiS are needed, you are requested to call

23、or write the ASME Order Department, 22 Law Drive, Box 2300, Fairfield, New Jersey 07007-2300, and ASME will expedite delivery of such copies to you by return mail. Please instruct your people to buy required test codes rather than copy them. Your cooperation in this matter is greatly appreciated. iv

24、 PERSONNEL OF PERFORMANCE TEST CODE COMMITTEE NO. 6 ON STEAM TURBINES (The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Code.) OFFICERS W. A. Campbell, Chairman E. J. Brailey, Jr., Vice Chairman J. H. Karian, Secretary COMMITTEE PERSONNEL J. M. Baltrus, Sargent (b) provid

25、e guidance in establishing the loading se quence of steam turbine-generator units according to their current relative performance; (c) evaluate major modifications of the turbine or turbine cycle, and changes in operating procedure; (d) detect performance changes in specific areas of the turbine or

26、the turbine cycle; (e) check the accuracy of station instruments by comparison with test instruments; (f) train personnel in testing techniques. 0.4 REFERENCES The ASME Test Code for Steam Turbines, PTC 6-1976, and Interim Test Code for an Alternative Proce dure for Testing Steam Turbines, PTC 6.1-1

27、984, are the basic references for this Report. The term “Code“ used in this Report refers to these documents. The ASME Code on Definitions and Values, PTC 2-1980 and the applicable supplements of PTC 19 Series, on Instru ments and Apparatus, provide supplementary informa tion. A separate report by P

28、erformance Test Code Committee No. 6, Guidance for Evaluation of Mea surement Uncertainty in Performance Tests of Steam Turbines, should be used to evaluate the level of ac curacy afforded by the instrumentation recommended for this Reports test procedures. Whenever PTC 19.1, Measurement Uncertainty

29、, is referenced in this docu ment, 95 percent confidence levels have been used in accordance with accepted practices. Appendix A to Test Code for Steam Turbines, PTC 6A-1982, and Sec tions 7 through 13 of this Report provide numerical ex amples of various turbine calculations which should prove usef

30、ul in applying this Reports procedures. PROCEDURES FOR ROUTINE PERFORMANCE TESTS OF STEAM TURBINES ASME PTC 6S REPORT-1988 SECTION 1 - OBJECT, SCOPE, AND INTENT 1.1 OBJECT The test procedures of this Report are intended for periodic turbine tests and do not supplant the Code as the basic procedure f

31、or turbine acceptance tests. The Code is used for the accurate testing of steam turbines to obtain performance level with minimum uncertainty. 1.2 SCOPE Sections 3 through 5 of this Report present general recommendations for instrumentation and test plan ning. These recommendations are based on curr

32、ent in dustry practice for the periodic determination of turbine-cycle performance. Section 6 discusses inter pretation of test results and shows typical plots of test data for analysis of turbine performance. Sections 7 through 12 present test procedures for selected types of turbine cycles. Each o

33、f these procedures contains specific recommendations for instrumentation and method for testing a selected turbine type. Although all possible turbine types are not covered, some typical examples are presented. Combinations of the types presented may be used to cover other arrangements. For each rec

34、ommended test procedure, the expected value of repeatability is estimated on the basis of cur rent industry experience. This value of repeatability must be used to judge the significance of the indicated level of performance as compared to the chronological trend of past performance. (See para. 3.8.

35、3 for discus sion of repeatability.) 3 1.3 INTENT This Report provides procedures to periodically monitor changes in overall turbine cycle performance. Supplementary instrumentation and data may be in cluded in the test procedure to diagnose the causes of changed performance. This supplementary info

36、rma tion may assist in evaluating the effect of component changes on the overall performance. Some users may prefer the simplicity of the recommended procedure and then run a second test only when a detailed analy sis is required. These procedures define both primary and secondary data for a turbine

37、-performance analysis. For reference purposes only, Section 13 presents other test procedures for determining turbine performance trends; however, these procedures may not provide complete data for analysis of all compo nents in the turbine cycle. In special cases, they may provide adequate informat

38、ion and be advantageous due to their low cost and simplicity. For on-line computer monitoring of steam-turbine performance, the simplified test procedures given in this Report can serve as a basis for choice of instrumen tation and development of calculation procedures. The instrumentation is select

39、ed to achieve repeatable results consistent with the objective of monitoring the trend of turbine performance. Diagnostic monitoring systems for vibration, oil cleanliness, rotor crack detection, and solid particle erosion and supervisory systems for differential expan sion, bearing metal temperatur

40、e, bearing wear, turbine load, and speed are not indicators of turbine perform ance. Analytical techniques using data from these sys tems can result in early identification of potential problems. PROCEDURES FOR ROUTINE PERFORMANCE TESTS OF STEAM TURBINES ASME PTC 6S REPORT-1988 SECTION 2- DEFINITION

41、S AND DESCRIPTION OF TERMS 2.1 SYMBOLS The following symbols are to be used unless other wise defined in the text. Symbol Description A Area Force g Local value of acceleration due to gravity g, Standard value of acceleration due to gravity 32.17406 ft per sec per sec (9.80665 meters per sec per sec

42、). This is an internationally agreed upon value which is close to the mean of 45 deg. N latitude at sea level. h Specific enthalpy Mechanical equivalent heat, 1 Btu - 778.1693 ft-lbf = 1/3412.142 kWh :vi Moisture, 100 X m Mass N Rotational speed p Power p Pressure Specific entropy Temperature T Temp

43、erature v Velocity v Specific volume w Rate of flow X Quality of steam, percent of dryness 5 Units U.S. Customary in.2 lbf ftlsec2 ftlsec2 Btu/Ibm Btu % Ibm rpm kWor hp psi a Btu/lbm0R Of OR ftlsec ft3/lbm lbm/h % Sl m2 N m/s2 m/s2 kJ/kg % kg rps kW Pa-a kJ/kgK c K m/s m3/kg kglh % ASME PTC 6S REPOR

44、T-1988 PROCEDURES FOR ROUTINE PERFORMANCE TESTS OF STEAM TURBINES 2.1 SYMBOLS (contd.) Units Symbol Description U-S Customary Sl rr Efficiency % % e Density lbm/ft3 kg!m3 Y Specific weight lbf/fe N/m3 2.2 ABBREVIATIONS Units Abbreviation Term U.S. Customary Sl HR Heat rate Btu/kWhr Btu/hphr k)/kWh S

45、R Steam rate lbm/kWhr lbm/hphr kg/kWh 2.3 SUBSCRIPTS Subscript g c 2 3 Descriptiion Generator Rated condition Corrected Specified operating condition, if other than rated Test operating condition Condition at a point directly preceding the turbine-stop valves and steam strainers. For turbines using

46、superheated steam: condition at turbine-outlet connection leading to the first reheater. For turbines using predominantly wet steam: condition at turbine outlet connection leading to extPrnal moisture separator. For turbines using superheated steam: condition downstream of the first reheater, at a p

47、oint directly preceding the reheat-stop valves, intercept valves or steam-dump valves, whichever are first, if furnished under turbine contract.1 For turbines using predominantly wet steam: condition at external moisture separator outlet. 11t may be necessary to correct for pressure drop in piping b

48、etween reheat or low-pressure stop valves, intercept valves, steam-dump valves and turbine shell if such piping is not furnished under the turbine contract. 6 PROCEDURES FOR ROUTINE PERFORMANCE TESTS OF STEAM TURBINES ASME PTC 6S REPORT-1988 2.3 SUBSCRIPTS (contd.) Subscript 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 al a2

49、a3 cl E e pL i,ii, n Description For turbines using superheated steam: condition at turbine-outlet connection leading to the second reheater. For reheat turbines using predominantly wet steam: condition down;tream of the reheater, at a point directly preceding the reheat-stop valves, intercept valves or steam-dump v,1lves, whichever are iirst, if furnished under contract.1 For turbines using superheated steam and two stages of reheat: condition downstream of the second reheater, at a point directly preceding the reheat-stop valves, intercept valves or steam-dump valves, wh