ANSI ASME MFC-1M-2003 Glossary of Terms Used in the Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes《液体流量测量用术语汇编》.pdf

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1、Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-Th

2、e American Society of Mechanical Engineers AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD GLOSSARY OF USED TERMS IN THE MEASUREMENT OF FLUID FLOW IN PIPES ASME MFC-1 M-2003 Revision of MME MF6-1 M-1 Ill (RI 117)l Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or net

3、working permitted without license from IHS-,-Date of Issuance: November IO. 2003 The 2003 edition of this Standard is being issued with an automatic addenda subscription service. The use of addenda allows revisions made in response to public review comments or committee actions to be published as ne

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11、chanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 Copyright O 2003 by THE AMERICAN SOCIEW OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A. Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without licens

12、e from IHS-,-CONTENTS Foreword iv Standards Committee Roster . v vi Correspondence With the MFC Committee 1 General 1 2 General Terms in fluid Mechanics 1 3 Uncertainties . 5 4 General Terms Related to flowmeters 10 5 Quantity Meter . 11 6 Rate Meter . 13 7 Other Types of Meters 22 Figures 1 2 3 4 5

13、 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Bias in a Random Process . 6 Correlation Coefficients . 7 Examples of Rotary Displacement Meters 11 Piston Provers 12 Bell Prover . 13 Liquid Displacement System 14 Piezometer Ring 14 Orifice Plates . 15 Nozzles 16 Classical Venturi Tube . 16 17 Sonic Venturi Nozz

14、le: LMEF Type . 17 Primary and Secondary at Same Elevation, Preferred Installation . 20 Three Valve Manifold, Schematic 21 Details, Block Valve Lnterference . 22 Principle of Operation of the Cross-Correlation Ultrasonic Meter . 23 Principle of Operation of the Doppler Ultrasonic Meter 23 Example of

15、 a K Factor Curve 23 Sonic Venturi Nozzle: Smith and Maltz Type . Table 1 Symbols 2 In dexes Numerical . 25 Alphabetical . 28 iii Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-The greatest aid to c

16、ommunications, whether verbal or written, is a common vocabulary. Even within a single technical discipline, the same word can have different meanings to different people. in order to help overcome this obstacle in the field of fluid flow measurement, this document consists of a collection of terms

17、and their definitions so that a common base of reference is available - we can speak a common language. in the preparation of this Standard, an attempt has been made to standardize suitable terms and not to perpetuate unsuitable ones merely because they have been used in the past. Self- evident and

18、irrelevant terms have been excluded, as have those terms that are unique to methods of measurement not widely used in the United States. Also, excluded from this document are those terms that have special meaning only to a particular meter type, and those terms that refer to the analysis of the fina

19、l measurement. The draft for international standard vocabulary and symbols concerning the measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits prepared by ISO/TC3O/SC6 has been used as the basic reference source. in addition, many other reference sources, both national and international, were used in order

20、to make this glossary as useful as possible to a broad segment of the measurement The first edition of this Standard was approved by the American National Standards institute on October 15,1979. It was subsequently reaffirmed, without change, on August 7,1986. The previous edition of this Standard w

21、as approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) on March 27, 1991. It was Subsequently reaffirmed, without change, on April 22, 1997. Suggestions for improvement of this Standard are welcome. They should be sent to Secretary, ACME MFC Standards Committee, Three Park Avenue, New York,

22、 NY 10016-5990. This edition of the Standard was approved by the American National Standards Institute on September 10,2003. community. iv Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-ASME MFC COM

23、MITTEE Measurement of Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits (The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.) STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS 2. D. Husain, Chair R. J. DeBoom, Vice Chair R. L. Crane, Secretary STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL C. J. Blechinger. Consultant R.

24、W. Caron, Visteon Corp. G. P. Corpron, Consultant R. L. Crane, Secretary, The American Society of Mechanical R. J. DeBoom, Vice Chair, Consultant P. G. Espina, Controlotron Corp. D. Faber. Badger Meter, Inc. R. H. Fritz, Saudi Aramco F. D. Goodson, Daniel Measurement and Control Z. D. Husain, Chair,

25、 ChevronTexaco E. H. Jones, Ir., Alternate, ChevronTexaco C. G. Langford. Cullen G. Langford, Inc. W. M. Mattar, Invensys/Foxboro Co. Engineers G. E. Mattingly, National Institute of Standards and Technology D. R. Mesnard, Direct Measurement Corp. R. W. Miller, R. W. Miller and Associates, Inc. A. M

26、. Quraishi, American Gas Association B. K. Rao, Consultant W. F. Seidl, Colorado Engineering Experiment Station, Inc. T. M. Kegel Alternate, Colorado Engineering Experiment Station, D. W. Spitzer, Copperhill and Pointer, Inc. R. N. Steven, McCrometer D. H. Stmbel Consultant J. H. Vignos, Consultant

27、D. E. Wikiund, Rosemount, Inc. D. C. Wyatt, Wyatt Engineering Inc. SUBCOMMITTEE 1 - GLOSSARY OF TERMS 2. D. Husain, Chair, ChevronTexaco R. L Crane, Secretary, The American Society of Mechanical F. D. Goodson, Daniel Measurement and Control G. E. Mattingly, National Institute of Standards and Techno

28、logy R. N. Steven, McCrometer D. E. Wikiund, Rosemount, Inc. D. C. Wyatt, Wyatt Engineering Eng neers V Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE MFC COMMITTEE General.

29、ACME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the consensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the Committee by requesting interpretations, proposing revisions, and attending committee meetings. Correspondence should be addressed to:

30、Secretary, MFC Standards Committee The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5990 Proposing Revisions. Revisions are made periodically to the Standard to incorporate changes that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the

31、application of the Standard. Approved revisions will be published periodically. The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Such proposals should be as specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a detailed description of the reasons for the p

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33、or interpretation should be clear and unambiguous. It is further recom- mended that the inquirer submit however, they should not contain proprietary names or infor- mation. Requests that are not in this format will be rewritten in this format by the Committee prior to being answered, which may inadv

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35、ommittee. ACME does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. Attending Committee Meetings. The MFC Committee regularly holds meetings, which are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretary of th

36、e MFC Standards Committee. vi Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-ASME MFC-1M-2003 GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN THE MEASUREMENT OF FLUID FLOW IN PIPES 1 GENERAL 1.1 Scope This Standard consi

37、sts of a collection of definitions of those terms that pertain to the measurement of fluid flow in pipes. Only those terms of general usage have been included. Terms having unique meaning when applied to specific meters should be included in a glos- sary within the specific flowmeter standard. 1.2 O

38、rganization This Standard is organized so that all of the terms peculiar to a particular method of fluid measurement are collected together in a separate section. Terms per- taining to basic fluid flow concepts and properties are defined in para. 2. Terms pertaining to the estimate of uncertainty of

39、 a flow rate measurement are defined in para. 3. General terms applying to flowmeters are defined in para. 4. Terms relating to specific types of flowmeters are defined in paras. 5, 6, and 7. Symbols normally applied to various quantities are tabulated in Table 1. 1.3 References This Standard was co

40、mpiled from many sources, including various reports and standards from The Amer- ican Society of Mechanical Engineers (ACME), The American Gas Association (AGA), the American Petro- leum Institute (API), the Instrument Society of America (ISA), the British Standards Institute (BSI), and the Inter- n

41、ational Organization for Standardization (ISO). 2 2.1 Base Pressure A specified reference pressure to which a fluid volume at flowing conditions is reduced for the purpose of bill- ing and transfer accounting. It is generally taken as 14.73 psia (101.560 kPa) by the gas industry in the United States

42、. 2.2 Base Temperature A specified reference temperature to which a fluid volume at flowing conditions is reduced for the purpose of billing and transfer accounting. It is generally taken as 60F (15.56“C) by the gas industry in the United States.1 GENERAL TERMS IN FLUID MECHANICS 2.3 Base Volume Vol

43、ume of a fluid at base pressure and temperature. 2.4 Cavitation The implosion of vapor bubbles formed after flashing when the local pressure rises above the vapor pressure of the liquid. See alsoflashing (para. 2.8). 2.5 Coanda Effect nearby solid surface. 2.6 Doppler Effect Apparent change in the f

44、requency of radiation due to relative motion between a primary or secondary source and the observer. 2.7 Dynamic Pressure The increase in pressure above the static pressure that results from the complete isentropic transformation of the kinetic energy of the fluid into potential energy. It is equal

45、to the product 1/p2, where pis the fluid density and v is the fluid velocity. 2.8 flashing The formation of vapor bubbles in a liquid when the local pressure falls to or below the vapor pressure of the liquid, often due to local lowering of pressure because of an increase in the liquid velociq. See

46、also cavitation (para. 2.4). 2.9 flow Conditioner General term used to describe any one of a variety of devices intended to reduce swirl and/or to regulate the velocity profile. 2.9.1 Flow Straightener. Flow conditioner inserted in a pipe to eliminate or reduce swirl. 2.9.2 Profile Regulator. Flow c

47、onditioner inserted in a pipe to reduce the straight length required to achieve fully developed velocity distribution. 2.10 Flow Rate of a pipe per unit of time. Effect that occurs when a jet of fluid adheres to a The quantity of fluid flowing through a cross section 1 Copyright ASME International P

48、rovided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-ASME MFC-1M-2003 GLOSSARY OF TERMS USEU IN THE MEASUREMENT OF FLUID FLOW IN PIPE Table i Symbols Dimensions Corresponding Quantity Symbol Note (1)1 SI Units Fluid Mechanics Area of

49、venturi nozzle throat Radial acceleration Transverse acceleration Discharge coefficient, C = u/ Mechanical stiffness - spring constant Real gas critical flow coefficient for one-dimensional real gas flow Critical flow function for one-dimensional isentropic flow of a real Critical flow function for one-dimensional isentropic flow of a Concentration of the tracer Note (2) Specific heat capacity at constant pressure