ANSI ASME B30.24-2013 Container Cranes《集装箱起重机》.pdf

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1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B30.24-2013(Revision of ASME B30.24-2008)ContainerCranesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsASME B30.24-2013(Revision of ASME B30.24-2008)ContainerCranesSafety Standard for Cableways,Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks

2、,and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: August 12, 2013The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2018. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concern

3、ing interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued and will also be included with each edition.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the C

4、ommittee Pages toprovide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pages can be found at http:/cstools.asme.org/. There is an option available toautomatically receive

5、 an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard.This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or st

6、andard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code

7、or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does no

8、t take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. User

9、s of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted

10、 asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document ma

11、y be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2013 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted

12、 in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . viB30 Standard Introduction . viiiSummary of Changes xiChapter 24-0 Scope, Definitions, References, and Personnel CompetenceSection 24-0.1 Scope of B30.24 1Section 24-0.2 Definitions 1Section 24-0.3 References . 5Section 24-0.4 Personnel Competence . 6

13、Chapter 24-1 Construction and InstallationSection 24-1.1 Markings 7Section 24-1.2 Clearances . 7Section 24-1.3 Runways Rail-Mounted Cranes 7Section 24-1.4 Crane Construction (General) 7Section 24-1.5 Operators Stations 8Section 24-1.6 Lighting Systems 9Section 24-1.7 Communication Systems . 10Sectio

14、n 24-1.8 Service Platforms and Footwalks . 10Section 24-1.9 Bumpers, Trolley Runway, and Trolley Stops 10Section 24-1.10 Truck Sweeps/Guards . 11Section 24-1.11 Brakes . 11Section 24-1.12 Drive Motors 12Section 24-1.13 Electrical Equipment . 12Section 24-1.14 Hoisting Equipment . 13Section 24-1.15 E

15、levators 14Section 24-1.16 Documentation 14Chapter 24-2 Inspection, Testing, and MaintenanceSection 24-2.1 Inspection . 15Section 24-2.2 Testing 15Section 24-2.3 Maintenance . 16Section 24-2.4 Wire Rope Inspection and Replacement . 17Chapter 24-3 OperationSection 24-3.1 Qualifications for and Conduc

16、t of Operators 19Section 24-3.2 Handling the Load . 20Section 24-3.3 Signals 20Section 24-3.4 Miscellaneous . 20Figures24-0.2-1 Dockside Container Crane . 224-0.2-2 Yard Container Crane 324-0.2-3 Spreader . 524-3.3-1 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Container Cranes 21iiiFOREWORDThis American N

17、ational Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI). This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 whenan eight-page Code of Safety Standards for C

18、ranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on theProtection of Industrial Workers, was presented at the annual meeting of ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron

19、 andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (AESC) later changed to American Standards Association (ASA), then to the UnitedStates of America Standards Institute (USASI), and finally to ANSI, Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Depa

20、rtment of Labor and Industry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomo-tive Crane Manufacturers Association. On June 11, 1925, AESC approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sp

21、onsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent outOctober 2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing29 national organizations

22、. Commencing June 1, 1927, and using the eight-page code publishedby ASME in 1916 as a basis, the Sectional Committee developed the Safety Code for Cranes,Derricks, and Hoists. The early drafts of this safety code included requirements for Jacks, but,due to inputs and comments on those drafts, the S

23、ectional Committee decided in 1938 to makethe requirements for Jacks a separate code. In January 1943, ASA B30.2-1943 was publishedaddressing a multitude of equipment types, and in August 1943, ASA B30.1-1943 was publishedjust addressing Jacks. Both documents were reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accep

24、ted as safetystandards.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Bureau of Yardsand Docks (now the Naval Facilities Engineering Command), was reorganized on January 31

25、, 1962,with 39 members representing 27 national organizations. The new committee changed the formatof ASA B30.2-1943 so that the multitude of equipment types it addressed could be published inseparate volumes that could completely cover the construction, installation, inspection, testing,maintenance

26、, and operation of each type of equipment that was included in the scope of ASA B30.2.This format change resulted in the initial publication of B30.3, B30.5, B30.6, B30.11, and B30.16being designated as revisions of B30.2 with the remainder of the B30 volumes being publishedas totally new volumes. A

27、SA changed its name to USASI in 1966 and to ANSI in 1969, whichresulted in B30 volumes from 1943 to 1968 being designated as either ASA B30, USAS B30, orANSI B30, depending on their date of publication.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder pro

28、cedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI. This Standard presents a coordi-nated set of rules that may serve as a guide to government and other regulatory bodies andmunicipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspection of the equipment falling withinits scope. The suggestions lead

29、ing to accident prevention are given both as mandatory andadvisory provisions; compliance with both types may be required by employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from t

30、he literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or method but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree of protectionis thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard, administra-tive or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30

31、 Committee, in accordance with theformat described in Section IX of the Introduction, before rendering decisions on disputed points.ivSafety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors, such as technological advances, new data,

32、 and changing environmen-tal and industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.B30.24, Container Cranes, was first published in 2008 and provides requirements applicable torail-mounted and rubber-tired cranes designed to handle shipping containers and other types ofca

33、rgo at marine terminals. This revision adds requirements for personnel competence, pedestrianclearance, truck sweeps, and wheel guards and translation of non-English documentation intoEnglish.This Volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, wasapproved by ANSI and de

34、signated as an American National Standard on March 26, 2013.vASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSL. D. Means, ChairR. M. P

35、arnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, ThyssenKrupp Steel USA, LLCC. M. Robison, Alternate, UT Battelle/Oak Ridge National LabT. L. Blanton, NACB Group, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby GroupR. J. Bolen, ConsultantC. E. Cotton, Alternate, Navy Crane CenterM.

36、E. Brunet, Manitowoc Cranes/The Manitowoc Crane GroupT. A. Christensen, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co.M. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic ServicesB. A. Pickett, Alternate, Forensic Engineering and Applied ScienceInstituteR. M. Cutshall, Savannah River Nuclear Solu

37、tionsJ. A. Danielson, Boeing Co.P. Boyd, Alternate, Boeing Co.L. D. DeMark, Sr., Equipment Training Solutions, LLCD. F. Jordan, Alternate, BP AmericaD. W. Eckstine, Eckstine and AssociatesH. G. Leidich, Alternate, Leidich Consulting Services, Inc.R. J. Edwards, NBISA. J. Egging, National Oilwell Var

38、coC. W. Ireland, Alternate, National Oilwell VarcoE. D. Fidler, The Manitowoc Co.G. D. Miller, Alternate, Manitowoc CranesJ. L. Gordon, Acco Chain and Lifting ProductsN. C. Hargreaves, Terex Corp.C. E. Imerman, Alternate, Link-Belt Construction Equipment Co.J. J. Headley, Crane Institute of America,

39、 Inc.W. C. Dickinson, Alternate, Crane Industry Services, LLCG. B. Hetherston, E. I. DuPontJ. Greenwood, Alternate, Navy Crane CenterK. M. Hyam, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersD. C. Jackson, Tulsa Winch GroupM. M. Jaxtheimer, Navy Crane CenterS. R. Gridley, Alternate, Navy Crane CenterP

40、. R. Juhren, Morrow Equipment Co. LLCviM. J. Quinn, Alternate, Morrow Equipment Co., LLCR. M. Kohner, Landmark Engineering ServicesD. Duerr, Alternate, 2DM Associates, Inc.C. E. Lucas, The Crosby Group, Inc.A. J. Lusi, Jr., LuMark ConsultingD. W. Frantz, Alternate, Ohio Operating Engineers Local 18E

41、. K. Marburg, Columbus McKinnon Corp.D. K. Huber, Alternate, Columbus McKinnon Corp.L. D. Means, Means Engineering and ConsultingD. A. Henninger, Alternate, Bridon AmericanD. L. Morgan, Mission Support AllianceC. E. Brewer, Alternate, Mission Support AllianceG. L. Owens, ConsultantR. M. Parnell, Ind

42、ustrial Training International, Inc.J. T. Perkins, Engineering ConsultantJ. R. Schober, Alternate, American Bridge Co.J. E. Richardson, U.S. Department of the NavyK. Kennedy, Alternate, Navy Crane CenterD. W. Ritchie, Dave Ritchie Consultant LLCJ. W. Rowland III, ConsultantD. A. Moore, Alternate, Un

43、ified EngineeringJ. C. Ryan, Boh Bros. Construction Co.A. R. Ruud, Alternate, Atkinson ConstructionD. W. Smith, Chicago Bridge single, double, or box girder construction, utilizinga trolley and a container-handling spreader or otherapplicable lifting apparatus (cargo hook, cargo beam,magnet, etc.);

44、and rail- or rubber tire-mounted withthrough-the-legs or between-the-legs operation. Use ofthe same hardware for purposes other than lifting isexcluded from the provisions of this Volume. ThisVolume does not apply to small industrial truck-typecranes, container-handling toploaders and sideloaders,or

45、 mobile straddle-type industrial lifts.SECTION 24-0.2: DEFINITIONSadministrative or regulatory authority: governmentalagency or, in the absence of governmental jurisdiction,the employer.boom: an extension of the trolley runway on docksidecontainer cranes that may be raised (luffing boom) orretracted

46、 (shuttle boom) to obtain clearance for gantrytravel.brake: a device other than a motor used for retarding orstopping motion by friction or power means.brake, holding: a friction brake for a hoist that is automati-cally applied and prevents motion when power to thebrake is off.brake, parking: a brak

47、e for gantry and trolley that may beautomatically or manually applied to impede horizontalmotion by restraining wheel rotation.bumper (buffer): a device for reducing the force of impactat the end of permitted travel.cab: a compartment with crane controls for the operatorto control the operating func

48、tions of a container crane.1controller: a device or group of devices that serves togovern, in a predetermined manner, the power delivereddirectly to the apparatus to which it is connected.controller, spring return: a controller that, when released,will return automatically to a neutral (off) positio

49、n.crane: a machine for lifting and lowering a load andmoving it horizontally, with the hoisting mechanism anintegral part of the machine.crane, automatic: a crane that, when activated, operatesthrough a preset cycle or cycles.crane, container: a crane with single or multiple girderscarrying a movable or fixed hoisting mechanism usedprimarily to lift intermodal shipping containers. It uti-lizes a trolley(s) and a container-handling spreaderassembly.crane, dockside container: a rail-mounted cantilever gantrycrane in which the trolley girder(s) extends transverselybeyond the cr