ANSI ASHRAE 72-2005 Method of Testing Commercial Refrigerators and Freezers《商用制冷机和冷冻机的试验方法》.pdf

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1、ASHRAE STANDARDAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigeratingand Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgMethod of TestingCommercialRefrigeratorsand FreezersANSI/ASHRAE Standard 72-2005(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standards 72-1998 and 117-2002)Approved by the AS

2、HRAE Standards Committee on June 25, 2005; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on June 30,2005; and by the American National Standards Institute on July 29, 2005.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard number isthe year of ASHRAE Board of Direc

3、tors approval. The latest copies may be purchased from ASHRAE CustomerService, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Tele-phone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). Copyright 2005 ASHRAE, Inc.ISSN

4、1041-2336Copyright ASHRAE Provided by IHS under license with ASHRAE Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of the AmericanSociety of H

5、eating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Consensus is defined by the American National StandardsInstitute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reachedby directly and materially affected interest categories

6、. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarilyunanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes co

7、mpliance mandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and publicreview.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. TheProject Comm

8、ittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAEmembers, all must be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interestson all Project Committees. The Manager of Standards of AS

9、HRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard,d. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE

10、Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other information that may s

11、erve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, eitherstated or implied,

12、that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of availableinformation and accepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety orperformance o

13、f any products, components, or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standardsor Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2004-2005Dean S. Borges, ChairRichard D. Hermans, Vi

14、ce-ChairDonald B. BivensPaul W. CabotHugh F. CrowtherBrian P. DoughertyHakim ElmahdyMatt R. HarganRoger L. HedrickJohn F. HoganFrank E. JakobStephen D. KennedyDavid E. KnebelJames D. LutzMerle F. McBrideMark P. ModeraCyrus H. NasseriDavor NovoselStephen V. SantoroGideon ShavitDavid R. TreeBede Wellf

15、ordJames E. WoodsMichael F. Beda, BOD ExOWilliam A. Harrison, COClaire B. Ramspeck, Manager of StandardsASHRAE Standard Project Committee 72Cognizant TC: TC 10.7, Commercial Food and Beverage Cooling, Display, and StorageSPLS Liaison: James E. WoodsJohn M. Rasch, Chair* Michael J. Palotsee*David B.

16、Cowen* Carl C. Roberts*David K. Hinde* Bodh R. Subherwal*Charles C. Hon* Vassilis E. Tritsis*R. Michael Martin* Robert C. Uhl*John W. Murray* Freddie F. Wong*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationCopyright ASHRAE Provided by IHS under license with ASHRAE Not

17、for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 72-2005Method of Testing Commercial Refrigerators and FreezersSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Definitions. 24 Test Conditions . 35 Instruments. 46 Apparatus . 47 Test Procedure

18、. 78 Calculations (Remote Refrigerators Only) 99 Data to be Recorded 1010 References . 11Appendix A: Illustrations for Measuring Usable Volume and Display Area. 12Appendix B: Bibliography . 17NOTEWhen addenda, interpretations, or errata to this standard have been approved, they can be downloaded fre

19、e of charge from the ASHRAE Web site at http:/www.ashrae.org. Copyright 2005 American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NEAtlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgAll rights reserved.Copyright ASHRAE Provided by IHS under license with ASHRAE Not for Resale

20、No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright ASHRAE Provided by IHS under license with ASHRAE Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requ

21、irements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a stan-dard and may contain material that has not been subjectto public review or a consensus process. Unresolvedobjectors on informative material are not offered theright to appeal a

22、t ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDThis revision of Standard 72 combines Standard 72-1998for open refrigerators and Standard 117-2002 for closedrefrigerators. These standards were developed so that com-parative evaluations can be made of refrigeration equipmentperformance using standardized criteria.In this

23、revision, door opening requirements, shelf loading,and test definitions are also clarified, and requirements havebeen added to improve the consistency of ambient tempera-tures. Standard 72, which is classified as an ASHRAE Stan-dard Method of Test, was first published in 1986.1. PURPOSEThe purpose o

24、f this standard is to prescribe a uniformmethod of testing open and closed commercial refrigeratorsand freezers for rating so that comparative evaluations can bemade of energy consumption, product temperature perfor-mance, refrigeration load, the suction pressures required, andother performance fact

25、ors.2. SCOPEThis standard applies to the following types of open andclosed commercial refrigerators and freezers used for display-ing or holding foods for which refrigeration is either requiredor desired: both horizontal and vertical open and closed refrigera-tors and freezers andboth remote and sel

26、f-contained open and closed refrig-erators and freezers.This standard does not apply to walk-in coolers or refrigera-tors and freezers where the refrigerated air is in communica-tion with walk-in coolers.3. DEFINITIONSThe following definitions apply to terms as they are usedin this standard.AHAM vol

27、ume: the interior volume of a refrigerator as calcu-lated by AHAM Standard Household Refrigerators/House-hold Freezers (ANSI/AHAM HRF-1-2002).1closed refrigerator: a display or holding refrigerator whereproduct is accessible for removal by opening or moving doorsor panels.condensing unit: an apparat

28、us for processing low-pressurerefrigerant vapor back into high-pressure liquid refrigerant tobe used for cooling a refrigerator.condenser cooling liquid: the fluid used as the condensingmedia in a liquid-cooled, self-contained refrigerator.coolant temperature difference: the difference in temperatur

29、eof the secondary coolant entering and leaving the refrigerator.filler material: material consisting of water, or of a 50/50mixture (2%) of distilled water and propylene glycol, orwood blocks with an overall density not less than 480 kg/m3(30 lb/ft3); used for filling the refrigerator spaces not occ

30、upiedby test simulators.filler package: a container with filler material that closelyapproximates food product characteristics; used to fill thespaces between test simulators for product mass.food product zone: the usable volume, both display and stor-age, contained within the load-line volume of th

31、e refrigerator.freezer: a refrigerator that maintains food product in a frozenstate. For this standard, low-temperature refrigerator shall besynonymous with freezer.fully open (for hinged doors): opened to an angle of not lessthan 75.fully open (for sliding doors): opened as far as they will go.liqu

32、id-cooled unit: a condensing unit in which the condensingmedia is a liquid (for example, water).liquid quantity meter: a device for determining the quantity ofrefrigerant, secondary coolant, or condenser cooling liquidthat flows during the prescribed test period.load limit: the maximum space availab

33、le within the display orstorage compartments of the refrigerator usable for food prod-ucts as specified by the manufacturer.load-line volume: the gross interior volume of the refrigeratorcontained within the load-limit lines. This gross volume iscalculated without display devices installed. low temp

34、erature: the temperature range for maintaining foodproduct in a frozen state in refrigeration applications.medium temperature: the temperature range for maintainingfood product above freezing in refrigeration usable volume: the volume of interior usable spaceintended for refrigerated storage or dis

35、play, specificallyconsisting of the usable interior volume within the claimedload limit boundaries. Any of this volume occupied by evap-orator coils, fan grilles, ducts (including any space intention-ally made unusable by fences and grilles), or any othersignificant interior protrusions are excluded

36、 from the netusable volume. For cases normally equipped with shelves, the-,-,-2 ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 72-2005Copyright ASHRAE Provided by IHS under license with ASHRAE Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSfront edge of the shelf is assumed to be the front load

37、 limitboundary. To be consistent, shelves and other display devicesare not treated as significant interior protrusions. The volumeoccupied by shelves and other display devices is not subtractedfrom the net usable volume.open refrigerator: a display or holding refrigerator whereproduct is accessible

38、for removal without opening or movingdoors or panels.refrigerant: fluid used for heat transfer in a refrigeratingsystem that absorbs heat at a low temperature and low pressureof the fluid and transfers heat at a higher temperature and ahigher pressure of the fluid, usually involving a change of stat

39、eof the fluid.refrigerator: for this standard, this term refers to both low-temperature and medium-temperature refrigerators.remote refrigerator: a refrigerator that has a condensing unitnot mounted in or on the refrigerator cabinet.running cycle: the period of time between the start of refrig-erati

40、on after a defrost termination and the beginning of thenext successive defrost.secondary coolant: liquid used for the transmission of heatwithout a change of state, having no flash point or having aflash point above 66C (150.8F).self-contained refrigerator: a refrigerator that has thecondensing unit

41、 mounted in or on the refrigerator cabinet asopposed to a refrigerator operating on a remote condensingunit.stabilization period: a period of time that establishes testconditions as defined in Section 7.4.steady state: the condition where the average temperature ofall test simulators changes less th

42、an 0.2C (0.4F) from one24-hour period or refrigeration cycle to the next. test: a 24-hour performance test conducted under one set ofconditions after steady-state conditions occur as described inthe procedures of this standard.test simulator: a packaged material, as described in Section 6,that is us

43、ed as a standard product temperature measuringdevice.total display area (TDA): the sum of the projected surface areasfrom visible product, in m2(ft2), as shown in Appendix A.4. TEST CONDITIONS4.1 Ambient Conditions. For Sections 4.1.1 through 4.1.3,refer to Figure 1.4.1.1 Dry Bulb. The average test-

44、room dry-bulb temper-atureshall be 24.0C1.0C (75.2F1.8F) when measuredin accordance with Section 6 of this standard. Individualrecorded temperatures shall be 24.0C2.0C(75.2F3.6F). This measurement point shall be TAfor openrefrigerators and freezers and TBfor closed refrigerators andfreezers.Figure 1

45、 Location of ambient temperature indicators.-,-,-ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 72-2005 3Copyright ASHRAE Provided by IHS under license with ASHRAE Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-4.1.2 Wet Bulb. The test-room wet-bulb temperatureshall be 18.0C1.0C (64.4F1.8F

46、), when measured inaccordance with Section 6 of this standard. Individualrecorded temperatures shall be 18.0C2.0C(64.4F3.6F). This measurement point shall be TA for openrefrigerators and freezers and TBfor closed refrigerators andfreezers.4.1.3 Dry-Bulb Gradient. The dry-bulb temperature gra-dient s

47、hall be less than 0.6C per 305 mm (1.0F per foot)between TAand TBas defined in Section 6.1.2.4.1.4 Air Currents. Test room air currents across the dis-play opening shall not exceed 0.25 m/s (49 fpm). Any airmovement shall be parallel to the plane of the opening. Noexternal air drafts shall blow dire

48、ctly into the refrigeratedzone. 4.1.5 Lighting. Test-room lighting shall be fluorescentwith illumination of not less than 800 lux (74.4 foot-candles)when measured in accordance with Section 6.4.1.6 Radiant Heat. In order that a standard level of radi-ant heat may be maintained, the test room shall b

49、e arranged sothat the display or storage area faces only white gloss-finishedsurfaces having an average temperature not less than 21.2C(70.0F) and positioned no closer than 1500 mm (59.1 in.)from the extremities of the refrigerator itself. Suspended pan-els may be used.4.2 Power Supply. The power supply shall be maintained atthe rated voltage 4.0% and rated frequenc