ANSI ASHRAE 30-1995 Methods of Testing Liquid-Chilling Packages《测试液体致冷装置的方法》.pdf

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1、I ANWASHRAE 304995 Supersedes ANSVASHRAE 30-l 978 HR I NDZ ID AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Method of Testina Liquid-4 Ehilling Packagi es Approved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee October 23, 1994, by the ASHRAE Board of Directors February 2,1995, and by the American National Standards Institute A

2、pril 14, 1995. ASHRAE Standards are updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the Standard number is the year of ASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest copies may be purchased from ASHRAE Customer Services, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329. 01995 ISSN 1041-2336 This reproduct

3、ion mat de by Custom Standards Services. 310 Mifkr Avenue, AM A while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, all must be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. The Manager of Sta

4、ndards of ASHRAE should be contacted for: a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard, b. participation in the next review of the Standard, c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, d. permission to reprint portions of the Standard. ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON

5、 STANDARDS ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other info

6、rmation that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformance to them is completely voluntary. In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either

7、 stated or implied, that the product has been approved by ASHRAE. DISCLAIMER ASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information and accepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the

8、 safety or performance of any products, components, or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk. TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page l.Purpose . 2.Scope 3.

9、Definitions . 4. Liquid-Chilling Package Types . 5. Expression of Test Results 6.TestMethods . 7. Test Procedures . 8. Instruments and Measurement Techniques . 9. Data to Be Recorded 10. Calculation of Results . ll.References . . 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 1. PURPOSE The purpose of this standard is to pr

10、escribe methods of testing for the thermal performance of refrigerant-cooled liquid-chilling packages, using the vapor compression cycle. 2. SCOPE 2.1 This standard covers the types of liquid-chilling packages described in Section 4, “Liquid-Chilling Package Types. ” Types of compressors employed in

11、clude recipro- cating, centrifugal, scroll, and rotary (vane, helical, screw, etc.) compression equipment. 2.2 This standard does not include self-contained, mechani- cally refrigerated drinking-water coolers covered in ANSI/ ASHRAE Z8-I987 (RA 9Z) nor the bottled and canned beverage coolers covered

12、 in ANSZ/ASHZUE 32-1986 (RA 90)? 2.3 This standard does not include specification of the test rating conditions under which the package must operate. For information pertaining to published ratings and condi- tions, refer to AZU Standard 550-92, Centrifugal and Rotary Screw Water-Chilling Packages,

13、3 and ARZStandard 590-92, Reciprocating Water-Chilling Packages4. liquid cooler: a factory-made assembly of elements in which the liquid and refrigerant are in heat transfer relation- ships, causing the refrigerant to evaporate and the liquid to be cooled. may: used where a provision is permissible

14、but not manda- tory. net refrigerating effect: the product of the weight rate of liquid flow and the difference in enthalpy of the entering and leaving liquid, expressed in heat units per unit of time. primary test: the test from which ratings are calculated specified values: the selected conditions

15、 under which the test is to be conducted. shall: used where a provision is mandatory if compliance with this standard is claimed. ton (of refrigeration): equal to 12,000 Btu/h (3.516 kW). water-cooled condenser: a heat transfer vessel that condens- es refrigerant vapor, usually in the shell, while r

16、ejecting this heat of condensation to condensing water circulating through tubes or coils contained in the shell. Desuper- heating and subcooling of the refrigerant may occur as well. 3. DEFINITIONS 4. LIQUID-CHILLING PACKAGE TYPES air-cooled condenser: a refrigerating system component, including co

17、ndenser fans, that condenses refrigerant vapor by rejecting heat to air mechanically circulated over its heat transfer surface, causing a temperature rise in the air. Desuperheating and subcooling of the refrigerant may occur as well. compressorsaturateddischarge temperature: the saturation temperat

18、ure corresponding to the refrigerant pressure at the compressor discharge, usually taken at or immediately downstream of the compressor discharge service valve (in either case on the downstream side of the valve seat), where discharge valves are used. evaporatively cooled condenser: a refrigerating

19、system component, including condenser fans, that condenses refrigerant vapor by rejecting heat to a water and air mixture mechanically circulated over its heat transfer surface, causing evaporation of the water and an increase in enthalpy of the air. Desuperheating and subcooling of the refrigerant

20、may occur as well. liquid; the fluid being cooled in the cooler (evaporator), as distinguished from refrigerant in the liquid state. liquid-chilling package: a machine specifically designed to make use of a refrigerant cycle to remove heat from a liquid and reject this heat to a cooling medium, usua

21、lly air or water. The refrigerant condenser may, or may not, be an integral part of this package. 4.1 A water-cooled liquid-chilling package consists of one or more of each of the following: refrigerant compressors, liquid coolers, and water-cooled condensers. All necessary components and controls f

22、or operation of the package shall be included. 4.2 An air-cooled liquid-chilling package consists of one or more of each of the following: refrigerant compressors, liquid coolers, and air-cooled condensers. All necessary components and controls for operation of the package shall be included. 4.3 An

23、evaporatively cooled liquid-chilling package consists of one or more of each of the following: refrigerant compressors, liquid coolers, and evaporatively cooled condensers. All necessary components and controls for operation of the package shall be included. 4.4 A condenserless liquid-chilling packa

24、ge consists of one or more of each of the following: refrigerant compressors and liquid coolers, suitable for field connection to one or more remotely located (field supplied) refrigerant condens- ers. All necessary components and controls for operation of the package shall be included. 5. EXPRESSIO

25、N OF TEST RESULTS 5.1 Liquid-chilling package test performance shall be expressed in the following terms: ANSUASHRAE 30-1995 (4 0) (4 Cd) (d (0 (g) (h) (3 5.2 Net cooling capacity at test conditions, Btu/h (kW) or tons (kW) (see Section 10) Temperature of liquid leaving cooler, “F(“C) Liquid flow ra

26、te through the cooler, gpm (L/s) or lb/h (kg/s), and liquid cooling range (difference between entering and leaving liquid temperatures) Description of liquid sufficient to define its physical properties Liquid pressure drop through the cooler, psi (kPa) or ft (m) of liquid flowing Power input to com

27、pressor driver, at test conditions, in terms of bhp, kW, or other units of energy such as steam, gas, or fuel flow rate and calorific values Power input to auxiliaries included as part of the pack- age, at test conditions, in terms of bhp, kW, or other units of energy such as steam, gas, or fuel flo

28、w rate and calorific values Water temperature and flow for auxiliaries (where used) such as oil cooling and motor cooling Refrigerant designation Performance for packages with water-cooled condens- ers shall be expressed in terms under 5.1 plus the following terms: (a) Temperatures of water entering

29、 and leaving condenser, “F (“C) (b) Condenser water flow rate, gpm (L/s) or lb/h (kg/s) (c) Water-pressure drop through the condenser, psi (kPa) or ft (m) of water 5.3 Performance for packages with air-cooled condensers shall be expressed in terms under 5.1 plus the following terms: (a) Dry-bulb tem

30、perature of air entering condenser, “F (b) Fan rotative speed, rpm (c) Barometric pressure, inches of mercury (kPa) 5.4 Performance for packages with evaporatively cooled condenser shall be expressed in terms under 5.1 plus the following terms: 64 if; Cd) 5.5 Wet-bulb temperature of air entering con

31、denser, “F w Fan rotative speed, rpm Barometric pressure, inches of mercury (kPa) Water consumption, gpm (Us) or lb/h (kg/s) for both evaporation and bleed-off Performance for condenserless packages shall be expressed in terms under 5.1 plus the following terms: (a) Compressor saturated discharge te

32、mperature, “F (“C) (b) Liquid refrigerant temperature entering the chiller package, “F (“C) 6. TEST METHODS 6.1 The test will measure net cooling capacity in tons of refrigeration (kW) and energy requirements, both at a specific set of conditions. 2 6.2 To confirm that steady-state conditions have b

33、een established at the specific set of conditions and within the tolerances (see Section 7), three sets of data shall be taken at approximately five-minute intervals. To minimize the effects of transient conditions, test readings for each data set should be taken as nearly simultaneously as possible

34、. 6.3 The test shall include a measurement of the net heat removed from the liquid as it passes through the cooler by determination of the following: (a) Liquid flow rate (b) Temperature difference between entering and leaving liquid 6.4 The heat removed from the chilled liquid is equal to the produ

35、ct of the chilled-liquid flow rate, the liquid temperature difference, and the specific heat of the liquid. 6.5 Power Input to the Compressor 6.5.1 Electric Drive The test shall include the determination of the compressor power requirement. This power shall be determined by measurement of electrical

36、 input to motor drive. For motors supplied by someone other than the chiller package supplier, the determination of compressor shaft horsepower input shall be as outlined in Section 10. For air-cooled or evaporatively cooled con- densers, the test shall include the determination of the condenser fan

37、 and condenser spray pump power require- ments . 6.5.2 Non-Electric Drive Where turbine or engine drive is employed, compressor shaft horsepower input shall be determined from steam, gas, or oil consumption, at mea- sured supply and exhaust conditions, and prime mover manufacturers certified perform

38、ance data. 6.6 In addition to the determination of net heat removed and the energy input required, data shall be taken to prepare a heat balance to substantiate the validity of the test. 7. TEST PROCEDURES 7.1 Preparation 7.1.1 The liquid-chilling package that has been leak tested, dehydrated, evacu

39、ated, and charged with the operating amount of refrigerant shall be connected with the instruments and auxiliary equipment necessary to comply with Section 9. 7.1.2 The cooler and water-cooled condenser may be cleaned before capacity tests. 7.1.3 The liquid-chilling package shall be started and oper

40、ated for a sufficient time to ensure correct operation in accordance with 7.2 prior to initial capacity tests. 7.1.4 Noncondensables shall be removed from the system before tests are started. 7.2 Operation and Limits 7.2.1 Obtain and maintain test conditions in accor- dance with the following tolera

41、nces and instructions: ANSYASHRAE 30-1995 (a) The individual readings of all liquid temperatures shall not vary from the specified values by more than 0.5”F (0.3”C). Care must be taken to ensure that these liquid temperatures are the average bulk stream temper- atures . ) The liquid cooling temperat

42、ure range (entering liquid minus leaving liquid temperatures) shall not vary from the specified values by more than 0.5”F (0.3”C). (c) The arithmetic average of all required dry-bulb air temperature readings shall not vary from the specified values by more than l.O”F (0.6”C), nor shall the individua

43、l readings vary by more than 2.O”F (l.l”C) from the average value. (d) The arithmetic average of all required wet-bulb air temperature readings shall not vary from the specified values by more than 0.5”F (0.3”(Z), nor shall the individual readings vary by more than 1 .O”F (0.6”C). (e) The chilled-li

44、quid flow rate shall not deviate more than f5% from the specified value. 7.2.2 After establishment of steady-state conditions, all required readings (see Section 9) shall be taken at approxi- mately five-minute intervals, and the test shall be continued until at least three consecutive sets of readi

45、ngs are within the specified limits of 7.2.1. The three consecutive readings shall then be averaged, and the average values are to be used in calculating the primary capacity at the tested condition. Refer to Section 10 for the calculation method. The percent heat balance (water-cooled packages only

46、, see 10.2.1) shall be within a tolerance = 10.5 - 0.07 x %FL + (1500/(DT,“F x %FL) = 10.5 - 0.07 x %FL + (833.3/(DT,“C x %FL), where FL = full load DTFL = the difference between entering and leaving chilled-water temperature at full load, “F E”Cl. Test readings with heat balance values outside this

47、 range shall not be considered valid. 8. INSTRUMENTS AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 8.1 Instruments 8.1.1 Selection of instruments for testing shall be made from the types listed in the references below. 8.1.2 Accuracy of test instruments shall be within the limits specified in the references listed bel

48、ow. 8.1.3 In no case shall the smallest scale division of the measuring instrument exceed twice the specified accuracy. 8.1.4 The 1993 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals,5 “Measurement and Instruments, presents considerable information on available instruments and their precision and use. The following re

49、ferences are additional data covering specific instruments to use, required accuracy, and mea- surement techniques: 8.2 Temperature Measurements (a) Instruments and accuracy, see ANWASHRAE 41.1- 1986 (UA 9lf. (b) Measurement techniques-general, see ANSUASHRAE 41.1-1986 (RA 9lf. (c) Measurement techniques-air, see ANSUASHRAE 41.1- 1986 (RA 91f. (d) Measurement techniques-liquid, see ANSI/ASHRAE 41.1-1986 (RA 91)? (e) Measurement techniques-refrigerant, see ANWASH- RAE 41.1-1986 (RA 9lf. (f) Measurement techniques-thermometers, see ANSI/ ASHRAE 41.1-1986 (RA 9l)f (g) Measurement tec