ANSI ASHRAE 158.1-2012 Methods of Testing Capacity of Refrigerant Solenoid Valves《制冷电磁阀的容量试验方法》.pdf

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1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 158.1-2012(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 158.1-2004)Methods of TestingCapacity ofRefrigerantSolenoid ValvesApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on January 21, 2012; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on January 25, 2012;and by the American National Standards Institute on J

2、anuary 26, 2012.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard number is the year ofASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE Web site(www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service

3、, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail:ordersashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US andCanada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2012 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American Na

4、tional Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE.Consensus is defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved thisstandard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached by directly a

5、nd materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrenceof more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aneffort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with this standard is voluntary unti

6、l and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliancemandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpos

7、e of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project

8、Committees.The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERAS

9、HRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information andacceptedindustrypractices.However,ASHRAEdoesnotguarantee,certify,orassurethesafetyorperformanceofanyproducts,components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in ac

10、cordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform m

11、ethod of testing for ratingpurposes,bysuggestingsafepracticesindesigningandinstallingequipment,byprovidingproperdefinitionsofthisequipment,andbyprovidingother information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conf

12、ormance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20112012Carol E. Marriott, Chair Krishnan Gowri

13、Janice C. PetersonKenneth W. Cooper, Vice-Chair Maureen Grasso Douglas T. ReindlDouglass S. Abramson Cecily M. Grzywacz Boggarm S. SettyKarim Amrane Richard L. Hall James R. TaubyCharles S. Barnaby Rita M. Harrold James K. VallortHoy R. Bohanon, Jr. Adam W. Hinge William F. WalterSteven F. Bruning D

14、ebra H. Kennoy Michael W. WoodfordDavid R. Conover Jay A. Kohler Craig P. WraySteven J. Emmerich Frank Myers Eckhard A. Groll, BOD ExOAllan B. Fraser Ross D. Montgomery, COStephanie C. Reiniche, Manager of StandardsASHRAE Standard Project Committee 158.1Cognizant TC: TC 8.8, Refrigerant System Contr

15、ols and AccessoriesSPLS Liaison: Adam W. Hinge*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationRobert A. Jones, Chair* W. Vance Payne*Frederic D. Colsoul* Don Schuster*Dennis A Littwin* Duane A. Wolf* ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduct

16、ion, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 158.1-2012,Methods ofTesting Capacity of Refrigerant Solenoid ValvesSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Definitions. 24 Instrumentation

17、. 25 General Piping Specifications. 36 Liquid Flow Capacity Test. 37 Vapor Flow Capacity Test 48 References . 6Informative Annex A: Examples of Test Conditions, Data Sheets, and Graphs7Informative Annex B: Example of Computation to Express Valve Capacityin Terms of Refrigerating Effect.12NOTEApprove

18、d addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2012 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NEAtlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgAll rights reserved. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction,

19、distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 158.1-2012(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It

20、 has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDThis standard was written at th

21、e request of the Air-Con-ditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) toprovide a standard method of test for the capacity of refrig-erant solenoid valves. The intent is to provide a standard thatmeets American National Standards Institute (ANSI) require-ments.ANSI/AHRI Standard 760, Perfo

22、rmance Rating of Sole-noid Valves for Use With Volatile Refrigerants,1requires thisstandard be used as a method of test for capacity. It is furtheranticipated that AHRI will continue to maintain Standard760 as it relates to standard methods of rating refrigerantservice solenoid valves. AHRI Standard

23、 760 may alsoinclude information concerning other solenoid valve perfor-mance characteristics.The basis for the method of testing and the calculationof capacity for flow through solenoid valves is a researchproject (PRF 5233) performed at Ray W. Herrick Laborato-ries, Purdue University, West Lafayet

24、te, Indiana, and spon-sored by AHRI. This research followed a study performed atHerrick Laboratories, under AHRI auspices, by R.T. McKen-zie, J.B. Chaddock, and W.E. Fontaine between September1963 and September 1966.This standard provides a means of accurately measuringthe refrigerant mass flow capa

25、city of solenoid valves. Theflow capacity may be expressed in terms of refrigeratingeffect with various refrigerants by performing simple ther-modynamic computations. Examples of the computationsnecessary to express valve capacity in kW (tons) or otherappropriate units are included in Informative An

26、nex B of thisstandard for the users convenience.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15, Safety Standard for Refrig-eration Systems,2and ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34, Designa-tion and Safety Classification of Refrigerants,3list thevarious refrigerants to which this standard is applicable.1. PURPOSEThis standard prescrib

27、es a method of testing the capacityof refrigerant solenoid valves for use in refrigerating systems.2. SCOPE2.1 This standard is applicable to refrigerant solenoidvalves in the following circumstances:as defined in Section 3, Definitions;for either liquid or vapor refrigerant applications; andto be u

28、sed with refrigerants deemed available and suit-able according to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15, SafetyStandard for Refrigeration Systems,2and ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34, Designation and Safety Classifi-cation of Refrigerants.32.2 This standard specifies procedures, apparatus, andinstrumentation that will pr

29、oduce accurate capacity data.2.3 This standard does not do the following:specify rating conditions or electrical or mechanicaldesign requirements (rating conditions may be found inANSI/AHRI Standard 760, Performance Rating of Sole-noid Valves for Use with Volatile Refrigerants1);make recommendations

30、 for safety; orspecify tests for production, specification compliance,or field testing of solenoid valves.3. DEFINITIONScapacity: the mass flow rate of a selected refrigerant that willpass through the valve under test at specified conditions.certified standard instrument: aninstrumentthatiscalibrate

31、dby the manufacturer or other reliable agency and is certifiedtraceable to the National Institute for Standards and Technol-ogy (NIST).direct-operated solenoid valve: a valve in which the solenoidfunctionstodirectlyopenandclosethemainvalveport,whichis the only flow path in the valve.flowmeter: a dev

32、ice for determining the mass flow ratethrough the valve under test.pilot-operated solenoid valve: a valve in which the solenoidfunctions to directly open and close a relatively small (pilot)flow port. Flow through the pilot port parallels the flow pathof the main port. Starting or stopping flow thro

33、ugh the pilotport creates a pressure imbalance on the main valve member,thereby causing the main valve port to be opened or closed.refrigerant solenoid valve: a two-way (i.e., one inlet and oneoutlet), two-position (i.e., open or closed) valve that is actu-ated by a solenoid and is suitable for use

34、with any of the refrig-erant fluids designated in Section 2.1(c). It may be pilot ordirect operated.“shall,” “should,” “recommended,” and “it is recom-mended” shall be interpreted as follows:shall and shall not are used to indicate that a provision ismandatory if compliance with the standard is clai

35、med.should, recommended, and it is recommended are usedto indicate provisions that are not mandatory but that aredesirable as good practice.4. INSTRUMENTATION4.1 General. Instruments shall have the accuracies listed inthis standard and shall be certified standard instruments.4.2 Temperature-Measurin

36、g Instruments4.2.1 Temperature shall be measured with any devicemeeting the requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.1,Standard Method of Temperature Measurement.4 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is

37、 not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 158.1-2012 34.2.2 The accuracy of temperature-measuring instrumentsshall be within 0.28C (0.5F).4.3 Pressure-Measuring Instruments4.3.1 Pressure shall be measured with any device meetingthe requirements of ASHRAE Standard 4

38、1.3, StandardMethod for Pressure Measurement.54.3.2 The accuracy of pressure-measuring instrumentsshall be within 1.0% of the pressure reading.4.4 Fluid Flow-Measuring Instruments64.4.1 The accuracy of flow-measuring instruments shallbe within 2.0% of the indicated value.4.4.2 In no case shall the s

39、mallest scale division of themeasuring instrument exceed 2 1/2 times the specifiedaccuracy.5. GENERAL PIPING SPECIFICATIONS5.1 Main Size.The pipe or tubing used for the inlet and out-let connecting mains to the solenoid valve being tested shallbe the size and type accommodated by the solenoid valveb

40、ody connections. The main shall be free from scale, rust, andother obstructions that may cause excessive turbulence.5.2 Main Length. The inlet and outlet mains connected tothe solenoid valve being tested shall be straight for a mini-mum of 14 internal diameters from the face of the solenoidvalve inl

41、et and outlet connections.5.3 Pressure-Tap Holes. Pressure-tap holes must belocated at the appropriate points on the circumference of themain with respect to the adjacent surroundings.With horizon-tal mains, pressure-tap hole position depends largely on thefluid flowing. With liquids, the pressure-t

42、ap holes shall belevel with or below the centerline of the main. Pressure-tapholes should not be positioned on the bottom of the main dueto possible blockage of the hole by foreign matter. The innersurfaces of the main adjoining holes shall be free of imperfec-tions, such as rivet heads, jogs, and o

43、ther sources of eddies, toensure parallel flow. All pressure-tap holes should be locatedat the same elevation and on the same side of the main. Theinternal diameter shall be straight and of uniform size for notless than two diameters from the main internal surface. Theinner rim of the hole shall be

44、flush with the inner surface ofthe main and be free of any burrs, excessive chamfers, andjagged edges.5.3.1 Pressure-tap hole diameters shall be approximately10% of the main internal diameter with the following excep-tions:a. Mains with an internal diameter of 12 mm (15/32 in.) orless shall have a p

45、ressure-tap hole diameter of 0.8 mm(1/32 in.).b. Mains with internal diameters of 50 mm (2.0 in.) orgreater shall have a pressure-tap hole diameter of5.0 mm (3/16 in.).5.3.2 Upstream Location. The upstream pressure-taphole shall be located in the main, two internal main diametersupstream from the fa

46、ce of the inlet connection of the solenoidvalve being tested.5.3.3 Downstream Location. The downstream pressure-tap hole shall be located in the main, ten internal main diam-eters downstream from the face of the outlet connection of thesolenoid valve under test.5.4 Fluid Temperature Measurement Loca

47、tions. Mea-surement of the temperature of the fluid entering the solenoidvalve shall be made at a point located not more than 12 inter-nal main diameters upstream from the face of the inlet con-nection of the solenoid valve under test. If an intrusivetemperature-measuring device is used, care should

48、 be taken toavoid disturbing flow patterns at the pressure-tap holes.6. LIQUID FLOW CAPACITYTEST6.1 Apparatus6.1.1 The valve shall be tested in a water flow system, asshown in Figure 6-1, with instrumentation in accordance withSection 4 and piping in accordance with Section 5.Figure 6-1 Water flow t

49、est system schematic. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.4 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 158.1-20126.2 Test Conditions6.2.1 Compute the P at the end use rated or specifiedconditions. Flow through the valve under test shall be mea-sured at the following conditions.Water and ambient temperatures suitable for the valveunder test.Adequate inlet pressure to provide the range of pressuredrops at which flow measurements will