ANSI ASHRAE 152-2014 Method of Test for Determining the Design and Seasonal Efficiencies of Residential Thermal Distribution Systems.pdf

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1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 152-2014(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 152-2004)Method of Test forDetermining the Designand Seasonal Efficienciesof Residential ThermalDistribution SystemsApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on January 18, 2014; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on January 22, 2014;and b

2、y the American National Standards Institute on February 19, 2014.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard number is the year ofASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE website

3、(www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail:ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US andCanada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2014 A

4、SHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE.Consensus is defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved thisstandard as an ANS,

5、 as “substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrenceof more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aneffort be made toward their resolution.”

6、 Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliancemandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project

7、 Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made t

8、o balance the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees.The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission

9、to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any pr

10、oducts, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are est

11、ablished to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes,bysuggestingsafepracticesindesigningandinstallingequipment,byprovidingproperdefinitionsofthisequipment,andbyprovidingother information that may serve to guide the industry.The creation of ASHRAE Sta

12、ndards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Sta

13、ndard Project Committee 152CognizantTC:TC 6.3, Forced Air Heating and CoolingSPLS Liaison: James R.TaubyPaul Francisco, Chair* Mark S. Hudoba* David Springer*David C. Delaquila* Mark P. Modera* Iain S. Walker*Charles A. Gaston* Gary Nelson*Denotes members of voting status when the document was appro

14、ved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20132014William F. Walter, Chair David R. Conover Malcolm D. KnightRichard L. Hall, Vice-Chair John F. Dunlap Rick A. LarsonKarim Amrane James W. Earley, Jr. Mark P. ModeraJoseph R. Anderson Steven J. Emmerich Cyrus H. NasseriJames Dale Aswegan Julie M.

15、Ferguson Janice C. PetersonCharles S. Barnaby Krishnan Gowri Heather L. PlattSteven F. Bruning Cecily M. Grzywacz Douglas T. ReindlJohn A. Clark Rita M. Harrold Julia A. Keen, BOD ExOWaller S. Clements Adam W. Hinge Thomas E. Werkema, Jr., CODebra H. KennoyStephanie C. Reiniche, Manager of Standards

16、 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 152-2014,Method of Test for Determining the Design and Seasonal Efficiencies

17、ofResidential Thermal Distribution SystemsSECTION PAGEForeword .21 Purpose.22 Scope23 Definitions .24 Nomenclature35 Classifications and General Requirements.66 Forced-Air Distribution Systems67 Hydronic Distribution Systems 228 Electric Distribution Systems.279 References28Normative Appendix AAir-H

18、andler Fan Flow Measurement Using an Air-Handler Flow Plate Device29NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2014 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights r

19、eserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transm

20、ission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 152-2014(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed

21、according to the ANSI requirements for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDThe objective of this method of test is to provide e

22、stimatesof the efficiency of thermal distribution systems. This effi-ciency may be used in energy consumption or system capacityestimates. This method of test provides thermal distributionsystem efficiencies for both heating and cooling systems.Thermal distribution system efficiency is calculated fo

23、r sea-sonal conditions (for energy consumption) or design condi-tions (for system sizing). This results in a total of four outputsfrom the method of test. This standard does not address theeffectiveness of the tested system to provide comfort in theconditioned space or to deliver the designed or req

24、uired air-flow to individual rooms within the conditioned space.1. PURPOSEThis standard prescribes a method of test to determinethe efficiency of space heating and/or cooling thermal distri-bution systems under seasonal and design conditions. Theobjective is to facilitate annual energy calculations

25、and heat-ing and cooling equipment capacity calculations.2. SCOPE2.1 This standard applies to single-family detached andattached residences with independent thermal systems.2.2 This standard applies to air, hydronic, and electric distri-bution systems.3. DEFINITIONSbuffer zone: unconditioned part of

26、 a building containingsome or all of the distribution system.conditioned space: the portion of a building whose air tem-perature or operative temperature (combined air and radianttemperatures) is intentionally controlled for human occu-pancy.delivery effectiveness: the ratio of the thermal energy tr

27、ans-ferred to or from the conditioned space to the thermal energytransferred at the equipment-distribution system heatexchanger. Energy delivered to or from the conditioned spaceincludes distribution system losses to the conditioned space.distribution system efficiency: the ratio between the energyc

28、onsumption by the equipment if the distribution system hadno losses (gains) to the outdoors or effect on the equipment orbuilding loads, and the energy consumed by the same equip-ment connected to the distribution system under test.electric distribution system: a thermal distribution system thatuses

29、 electric wiring as the distribution medium in the building.equipment: a thermal energy conversion device (furnace,boiler, or water heater) or heat-pumping device (air condi-tioner or heat pump) that serves all or part of the building.equipment capacity: the manufacturers rated capacity at the35C (9

30、5F) AHRI rating point for air conditioners and 8C(47F) AHRI rating point for heat pumps. Furnace capacityshall be adjusted for altitude effects. For the low-capacitystages of multistaged equipment, consult manufacturers data.equipment efficiency: the ratio between the thermal energytransferred at th

31、e equipment heat exchanger and the thermal(or its equivalent) energy consumed by the equipment.equipment factor: the ratio of the equipment efficiency,including the effects of the distribution system to the equip-ment efficiency without the distribution system.finned-tube baseboard: a heating-termin

32、al unit that primarilyconsists of one or more finned tubes and a casing cabinet.floor area: the conditioned floor area of the building.forced-air distribution system: forced-air systems are heatingand/or cooling systems that use motor-driven blowers to dis-tribute heated, cooled, and otherwise treat

33、ed air for comfort ofindividuals in confined spaces.hydronic distribution system: a thermal distribution systemthat uses water or a mixture of water and additives as the dis-tribution medium in the building.infiltration factor: the ratio of the building infiltration loadwithout including distributio

34、n effects to the load, includingdistribution system effects.radiant barrier: a surface of low emissivity (less than 0.1)placed inside an attic or roof space above (but not touching)the distribution system to reduce radiant heat transfer.radiant panel: a heating or cooling surface that delivers 50%or

35、 more of its heat transfer by radiation that may be either anintegral part of the building (e.g., floor or ceiling heating) ordetached from the building elements (e.g., suspended ceilingpanel).reduced-absorptivity exterior coating: an exterior finishapplied to roof systems in order to reduce the abs

36、orption ofsolar radiation. The solar absorptivity must be 0.4 or less.thermal regain: the fraction of distribution system losses(gains for cooling) that are returned to the conditioned space.tile roof: a ventilated barrel tile roofing system.variable-capacity equipment: some heating and coolingequip

37、ment operates in stages of different capacity that dependon building load, e.g., electric furnaces with several separateheater elements.vented crawlspace: a crawlspace with an open vent area1/150th of its floor area, with vents distributed over allexterior surfaces.well-vented attic: an attic with a

38、n open vent area 1/300th ofits floor area distributed high and low over attic surfaces. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standar

39、d 152-2014 34. NOMENCLATUREar= leakage factor for return ductsas= leakage factor for supply ductsAfloor= conditioned floor area of building, m2(ft2)Ap= surface area of radiant panel, m2(ft2)Ap,wall= surface area of radiant panel againstexterior surface, m2(ft2)Ai= surface area of ducts in unconditio

40、nedspace i,m2(ft2)Ar= surface area of return duct outsideconditioned space, m2(ft2)As= surface area of supply duct outsideconditioned space, m2(ft2)br= return duct surface area coefficientBr= conduction fraction for returnBs= conduction fraction for supplyCs= forced-air duct system flow coefficient,

41、m3/(sPan) (cfm/in. H2On)Cp= specific heat of air, J/(kgK) (Btu/lbF)Cvpipe= volumetric heat capacity of pipe,J/(m3K) (Btu/ft3F)Cvwater= volumetric heat capacity of water,J/(m3K) (Btu/ft3F)Cvins= volumetric heat capacity of pipeinsulation, J/(m3K) (Btu/ft3F)dpipe= outside diameter of piping, m (ft)din

42、s= outside diameter of insulation aroundpiping, m (ft)DE = delivery effectivenessDEdesign= design delivery effectivenessDEseasonal= seasonal delivery effectivenessDEcorr, design= design delivery effectiveness correctedfor regainDEcorr, seasonal= seasonaldeliveryeffectivenesscorrectedfor regainEcap=

43、equipment capacity,W (Btu/h) (negativefor cooling equipment)Fcycloss= fraction of energy delivered toconditioned space lost due to equipmentcyclingFequip= equipment factorFload= infiltration factorFrecov= thermal loss recovery factorFregain= thermal regain factorFregain, s= thermal regain factor for

44、 suppliesFregain, r= thermal regain factor for returnsFout= fraction of supply duct surface areaoutside conditioned spacehamb, r= enthalpy of ambient air for return,J/kg (Btu/lb)hin= enthalpy of air inside conditioned space,J/kg (Btu/lb)hout= enthalpy of outside air, J/kg (Btu/lb)Ha= heat flow from

45、hydronic loop to outside(W, Btu/h)Hb, design= designconditionheatflowfromhydronicloop to the buffer zone(s), W (Btu/h)Hb, seasonal= seasonal condition heat flow fromhydronic loop to the buffer zone(s),W (Btu/h)Hc= heat flow from hydronic loop toconditioned space, W (Btu/h)Hdel, design= heat delivere

46、d by hydronic or electricsystemunderdesignconditions,W(Btu/h)Hdel, seasonal= heat delivered by hydronic or electricsystem under seasonal conditions,W (Btu/h)Hdesign= design building load, W (Btu/h)Hloss= heat lost by hydronic system, W (Btu/h)Hloss, design= heat lost by hydronic or electric systemun

47、der design conditions, W (Btu/h)Hloss, seasonal= heat lost by hydronic or electric systemunder seasonal conditions, W (Btu/h)Hra= heat flow from hydronic baseboards orradiant panels to outside, W (Btu/h)Hrb, design= designconditionheatflowfromhydronicbaseboards to the buffer zone(s),W (Btu/h)Hrb, se

48、asonal= seasonal condition heat flow fromhydronic baseboards to the bufferzone(s), W (Btu/h)Hrc, design= designconditionheatflowfromhydronicbaseboards to the conditioned space,W (Btu/h)Hrc, seasonal= seasonal condition heat flow fromhydronic baseboards to the conditionedspace, W (Btu/h)Hseasonal= se

49、asonal building load, W (Btu/h)Hu, design= designconditionheatflowfromunfinnedpiping in the conditioned space,W (Btu/h)Hu, seasonal= seasonal condition heat flow fromunfinnedpipingintheconditionedspace,W (Btu/h)Hua, design= design condition heat flow from unfinnedpipingintheconditionedspacetooutside,W (Btu/h)Hua, seasonal= seasonal condition heat flow fromunfinned piping in the conditioned spaceto outside, W (Btu/h)Huc, design= designconditionheatflowfromunfinnedpiping in the conditioned space to theconditioned space, W (Btu/h) ASHRAE