ANSI ASHRAE 100 ADD B-2017 Energy Efficiency in Existing Buildings.pdf

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1、ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Addendum b toANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 100-2015Energy Efficiency inExisting BuildingsApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on April 6, 2017; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on May 1, 2017; bythe Illuminating Engineering Society on April 5, 2017; and by the American National Stan

2、dards Institute on July 24, 2017.This addendum was approved by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the Standards Committee has estab-lished a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures for timely, documented, con-sensus action on reque

3、sts for change to any part of the standard. The change submittal form, instructions, and deadlines may beobtained in electronic form from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or in paper form from the Senior Manager of Standards. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE

4、 website (www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Cus-tomer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go towww.ashrae.org/permiss

5、ions. 2017 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute.SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary

6、 consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus is definedby the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as“substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. T

7、his signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority,but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compl

8、iance mandatory through legislation. ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommi

9、ttee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. The Senior Manager of Standard

10、s of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promu

11、lgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information and acceptedindustry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systemstested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASH

12、RAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelineswill be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing

13、for rating purposes, bysuggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other informationthat may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and c

14、onformanceto them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 100Cognizant TC: 7.6, Building

15、 Energy PerformanceSPLS Liaison: Keith I. EmersonIES Staff Liaison: Mark LienWayne Stoppelmoor, Jr.*, Chair Jim M. Kelsey* Daniel G. Salinas*Gordon V.R. Holness*, Vice-Chair Dennis R. Landsberg* Richard S. SweetserGlenn Friedman*, Secretary Toby K.W. Lau* Adrienne G. Thomle*Robert E. Chase Neil P. L

16、eslie* Cedric S. Trueman*Joseph T. Firrantello* Richard J. Liesen* Ayman Youssef*Michele Friedrich Jean T. Piecuch* Alexander M. ZhivovMichael Jouaneh* Steven Rosenstock*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication.ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20162017Rita M. Harrold

17、, Chair Michael W. Gallagher Cyrus H. NasseriSteven J. Emmerich, Vice-Chair Walter T. Grondzik David RobinJames D. Aswegan Vinod P. Gupta Peter SimmondsNiels Bidstrup Susanna S. Hanson Dennis A. StankeDonald M. Brundage Roger L. Hedrick Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Drury B. Crawley Rick M. Heiden Jack H

18、. ZarourJohn F. Dunlap, Srinivas Katipamula William F. Walter, BOD ExOJames W. Earley, Jr. Cesar L. Lim Patricia Graef, COKeith I. Emerson Arsen K. MelikovJulie M. Ferguson R. Lee Millies, Jr.Stephanie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of Standards ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additiona

19、l reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Addendum b to ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 100-2015 1(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requireme

20、nts necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASH

21、RAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDThis addendum provides normative primary energy EUI tar-get tables in Sections 7 and 10 and Normative Appendix A, inaddition to a primary energy EUI calculation option inAppendix A, to add an alternative compliance path for thequalified person seeking compliance with the standar

22、d. Pri-mary energy EUI target tables are to be selected by theauthority having jurisdiction using the same procedures thatare currently used for selecting the site EUI target tables inStandard 100-2015. A primary EUI calculation option andassociated EUI target tables for electricity and fossil fuel

23、useare included in Appendix A for authorities having jurisdictionwho prefer to use locally derived primary energy conversionfactors.The qualified person is permitted to demonstrate com-pliance using either the site energy target or primary energytarget selected by the authority having jurisdiction.N

24、ote: In this addendum, changes to the current standardare indicated in the text by underlining (for additions) andstrikethrough (for deletions) unless the instructions specifi-cally mention some other means of indicating the changes. 3. DEFINITIONS3.1 Generalprimary energy: See source energy.site en

25、ergy: energy consumed by a building as measured atthe boundaries of the building site.source energy: energy consumed by a building as measuredat the building converted using source (primary) energy con-version factors to account for the energy consumed in theextraction, processing, and transport of

26、primary fuels such ascoal, oil, and natural gas; energy losses in thermal combustionin power-generation plants; and energy losses in transmissionand distribution to the building. See also primary energy.time switch: a device that controls lighting, equipment, orsystems based on the time of day.vacan

27、cy sensor: a sensor that automatically turns lighting,equipment, or appliances off within a specified time periodafter an area is vacated, which requires the lighting, equip-ment, or appliances to be manually turned on.4.4.2 Alternative Energy Targets (EUIt). The qualifiedperson determining complian

28、ce shall demonstrate to the AHJthat they have met the required energy targets on either a siteenergy or source energy basis in accordance with Section 7 orSection 10, or have met the requirements in Section 4.3.3 forbuildings without energy targets. Alternative performancerequirements, such as those

29、 in Normative Annex A, Table A-1, are permitted to be specified by the AHJ.5.2.3 Energy Conversion Factors. The site energy contentof different types forms of purchased energy shall be con-verted from the purchased unit to the standard site energy unit.If site energy conversion factors are not provi

30、ded by the utilityor fuel supplier, then the conversion factors in Table 5-2a shallbe used. (See also Informative Annex K.) Addendum b to Standard 100-2015Revise Section 3 as shown. The remainder of Section 3 isunchanged.Revise Section 4.4.2 as shown.Revise Section 5.2.3 and Table 5-2 as shown.TABLE

31、 5-2a Site Energy Conversion FactorsFuel Oils kJ/L Btu/U.S. gal#1 37,600 135,000#2 38,700 139,000#4 40,700 146,000#5L 41,300 148,000#5H 41,800 150,000#6 42,900 154,000Gas kJ/m3Btu/ft3Natural Gas 38,400 1030kJ/L Btu/U.S. galPropane 25,500 91,600Electricity kJ/kWh Btu/kWh3600 3412Note: Energy accounti

32、ng and conversion factors shown in Table 5-2a are based on siteenergyi.e., the available energy delivered to the building.TABLE 5-2b Primary Energy Conversion FactorsEnergy Form Conversion FactorElectricity 3.15Natural gas 1.09Fuel oil 1.19LPG or propane 1.15Other 1.10Purchased district energy Hot w

33、ater 1.35Steam 1.45Chilled water 1.04Note: Energy accounting and conversion factors shown in Table 5-2b are based on siteenergy using conversion factors in Table 5-2a converted to primary or source energy.Section 4.4.2 of the standard allows alternative energy targets established by the adoptingAHJ.

34、 The AHJ may choose to use site energy to source energy conversion factors shownin Table 5-2b or may use other conversion factors following the processes and proceduresincorporated within ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 105-2014, Standard Methods of Deter-mining, Expressing, and Comparing Building Energy Perfo

35、rmance and Greenhouse GasEmissions. The AHJ may also choose to use locally appropriate factors for source(primary) energy. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior wri

36、tten permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Addendum b to ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 100-20157.1 Building Type and Energy Targets. . . . 7.1.1 Building Type. Buildings are divided into 53 typeswith activities as shown in Table 7-1. Buildings with one ormore activities listed in Table 7-1 have energy targets ass

37、hown in Table 7-2a or 7-2b.7.1.2 Energy Targets. Site-based energy targets are shownin Tables 7-2a in both I-P and SI units, while source-basedenergy targets are shown in Tables 7-2b in both I-P and SIunits. Site energy electricity use and fossil fuel use targetslisted in Tables 7-2c and 7-2d are fo

38、r use in target calculationsby authorities having jurisdiction. All energy targets were derived from Commercial Build-ing Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) 2003 and Resi-dential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) 2005 data byOak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the U.S. Depart-ment of Energy (DOE)

39、 and represent the 25th bottom (lowenergy) percentile of energy use by each building category.The median numbers for each building category fromCBECS and RECS data representing all buildings in thebuilding type/activity across all climatic conditions wereextrapolated to 17 DOE climate zones using mu

40、ltipliers gen-erated through simulation of a representative building foreach group of building categories. Informative Annex J givesa detailed explanation of target table derivation.Informative Note: Tables 7-2c and 7-2d should not beapplied separately for individual energy sources. The tables areus

41、ed in accordance with Normative Annex A, Equation A-1, todetermine the appropriate source energy target.7.2.2 Energy targets for buildings with a single activityshall be calculated as follows:(EUIt) = S (EUIt1)where (EUIt1) is the building activity energy target value inTable 7-2a or Table 7-2b for

42、the appropriate building activi-ties/types and climate, and S is the building operating shiftsnormalization factor in Table 7-3.7.2.3 Energy targets for buildings with multiple activitiesshall be determined using weighted averages of buildingactivity energy target for each area with a single activit

43、y, perthe following equation, and reported on Normative Annex C,Form B:EUIt = (A S EUIt1)1+ (A S EUIt1)2+ + (A S EUIt1)i+ + (A S EUIt1)nwhere(A)i= percentage of the gross floor area with single building activity i(EUIt1)i= building activity target from Table 7-2a or Table 7-2b for space i(S)i= opera

44、ting shifts normalization factor from Table 7-3 for space i(A S EUIt1)i= the weighted space EUI target for space iExceptions: 1. Spaces where more than 75% of the gross floor areahas a unique building activity shall be reported as asingle-use building or as a multiuse building in accor-dance with ei

45、ther Section 7.2.2 or Section 7.2.3.2. Spaces less than 10% of the gross floor area with aunique building activity can combine their floor areawith the floor area within the building that has a sim-ilar building activity as determined by the EM orother qualified person.3. Spaces in buildings with mu

46、ltiple activities that arenot listed in Table 7-1 and have a total combinedarea, Anontarget, comprising less than 10% of thebuilding gross floor area (Agross) can be excludedfrom building energy target calculations if theenergy use of such space is metered separately. Theenergy target for the remain

47、ing part of the buildingshall be calculated after deducting the unlisted build-ing type floor area from the building gross floor area(Agross Anontarget).4. Spaces in multiple-activities buildings with activitiesnot listed in Table 7-1 comprising more than 10%but not more than 50% of the gross floor

48、area shallcomply with either Section 7.2.3, Exception 3, orSections 4.1, 4.2, 4.3.1, and 4.3.3.Revise Section 7.1 as shown.Revise Section 7.2.2 and 7.2.3 as shown. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form i

49、s not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Addendum b to ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 100-2015 3Revise Table 7-2 as shown below and add new Tables 7-2b through 7-2d. The remainder of Table 7-2 is unchanged.TABLE 7-2a Building Activity Site Energy Targets (EUIt1) (I-P Units)1No. Commercial Building TypeEUIs by Building Type by Climate Zone (kBtu/ft2yr)ASHRAE Climate Zone1A 2A 2B 3A3B Coast3B Other 3C 4A 4B 4C 5A 5B 5C216A 6B 7 8 . . . Notes:1. Targets listed in Table 7-2 were derived from Commercial Building Energy