ANSI ASABE S493.1-2003 Guarding for Agricultural Equipment.pdf

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1、 ANSI/ASAE S493.1 JUL2003 (R2012) Guarding for Agricultural Equipment American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ASABE is a professional and technical organization, of members worldwide, who are dedicated to advancement of engineering applicable to agricultural, food, and biological s

2、ystems. ASABE Standards are consensus documents developed and adopted by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers to meet standardization needs within the scope of the Society; principally agricultural field equipment, farmstead equipment, structures, soil and water resource man

3、agement, turf and landscape equipment, forest engineering, food and process engineering, electric power applications, plant and animal environment, and waste management. NOTE: ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data are informational and advisory only. Their use by anyone engaged in industr

4、y or trade is entirely voluntary. The ASABE assumes no responsibility for results attributable to the application of ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data. Conformity does not ensure compliance with applicable ordinances, laws and regulations. Prospective users are responsible for protect

5、ing themselves against liability for infringement of patents. ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data initially approved prior to the society name change in July of 2005 are designated as “ASAE“, regardless of the revision approval date. Newly developed Standards, Engineering Practices and

6、Data approved after July of 2005 are designated as “ASABE“. Standards designated as “ANSI“ are American National Standards as are all ISO adoptions published by ASABE. Adoption as an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other

7、criteria for approval have been met by ASABE. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily

8、unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. CAUTION NOTICE: ASABE and ANSI standards may be revised or withdrawn at any time. Additionally, procedures of ASABE require that action be taken periodically to rea

9、ffirm, revise, or withdraw each standard. Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. All rights reserved. ASABE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Ml 49085-9659, USA, phone 269-429-0300, fax 269-429-3852, hqasabe.org ANSI/ASAE S493.1 JUL2003 (R2012) Copyright American Society of

10、 Agricultural and Biological Engineers 1 ANSI/ASAE S493.1 JUL2003 (R2012) Revision approved July 2003; reaffirmed March 2013 as an American National Standard Guarding for Agricultural Equipment Proposed to ASAE by the Farm and Industrial Equipment Institute; developed and approved by the ASAE Agricu

11、ltural Safety Committee and by the ASAE Power and Machinery Division Standards Committee; adopted by ASAE April 1988; approved as an American National Standard July 1989; reaffirmed by ASAE December 1992; reaffirmed by ANSI July 1993; reaffirmed by ASAE December 1997; reaffirmed by ANSI November 199

12、8; reaffirmed by ASAE February 2003; revised July 2003; approved by ANSI July 2003; reaffirmed by ASABE and ANSI February 2008; reaffirmed by ASABE December 2012; reaffirmed by ANSI March 2013. Keywords: Guarding, Safety, Shielding 1 Purpose and Scope 1.1 This Standard provides general guidelines fo

13、r guarding for agricultural equipment so as to provide a reasonable degree of personal safety for operators and other persons during the normal operation and servicing of such equipment. 1.2 This Standard applies to agricultural equipment as identified in ASAE Standard S390. 2 Normative References T

14、he following standards contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision and parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate t

15、he possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Standards organizations maintain registers of currently valid standards. 2.1 ASAE S390.3 JUN01, Definitions of Agricultural Field Equipment 2.2 ASAE S441.3 FEB99, Safety Signs 3 Definitions 3.1 guard: A protective

16、device designed and fitted to reasonably minimize the possibility of inadvertent contact with machinery hazards, as well as to restrict access to other hazardous areas. There are four types of guards, each consistent with the requirements of safety distance as defined in paragraph 3.4 below: 3.1.1 s

17、hield or cover: Protective devices designed and fitted so that alone or with other parts of the machine, they prevent the hazard/hazardous area being reached from the side or sides covered. (see figure 1) ANSI/ASAE S493.1 JUL2003 (R2012) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engi

18、neers 2 Figure 1 Shield and cover 3.1.2 casing: Protective device designed and fitted so that, alone or with other parts of the machine, it prevents contact with the hazard/hazardous area from all sides. (see figure 2) Figure 2 Casing 3.1.3 enclosure: Protective device which by means of a rail, fenc

19、e, frame or the like ensures the safety distance on all sides necessary so the hazard/hazardous area cannot be reached inadvertently. 3.1.4 barrier: Protective device such as a rail, fence, frame, or the like designed and fitted so that, alone or with other parts of the machine, it prevents the haza

20、rd/hazardous area from being reached inadvertently. 3.2 inadvertent contact: Contact between a person and a hazard resulting from the persons unplanned actions when operating or servicing the equipment. 3.3 hot surface: A surface which reaches operating temperatures in excess of 130 C and which coul

21、d involve injury by inadvertent contact. 3.4 safety distance: Minimum distance between a hazard/hazardous area and a guard required to reasonably minimize the possibility of inadvertent contact with the hazard/hazardous area. This distance is typically reach around a barrier or reach through an open

22、ing in a guard. 3.5 safety distance guarding: A means of providing guarding where the possibility of inadvertent contact with the hazard is reasonably minimized by the combination of the guard configuration (including openings) and the safety distance between the guard and the hazard/hazardous area.

23、 3.6 machinery hazard: Machinery parts which can cause injury upon direct contact or by entanglement of personal apparel. This includes, but is not limited to, pinch points, nip points, and projections on rotating parts. 3.7 guarding by location: A hazard is guarded by location when it is guarded by

24、 other parts or components of the machine that are not themselves guards, or when the hazard is beyond the safety distance. 3.8 nip-point: A type of pinch point characteristic of components such as meshing gears and the run-on point where a belt, chain or cable contacts a sheave, sprocket or idler.

25、3.9 ground-driven components: Components which are powered by the forward or rearward motion of equipment traveling over the ground. 3.10 normal operation and service: Use of the machine for the purposes and in the manner intended by the manufacturer by an operator familiar with the machine characte

26、ristics and complying with the conditions of ANSI/ASAE S493.1 JUL2003 (R2012) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 3 operation, service and safe practices as specified by the manufacturer in the operators manual and by signs on the machine. 4 Guarding Requirements 4.1

27、Components which must be exposed for proper function, drainage or cleaning shall be guarded to the maximum extent that is practicable and reasonable as permitted by the intended operation or use. 4.2 Where paragraph 4.1 does not apply and where hazard elimination through design is not technically fe

28、asible and functionally practicable, machinery hazards shall be guarded by location, or with guard(s), or by safety distance guarding as described in Section 6 Safety Distance Guarding. Examples of such hazards are: 4.2.1 Moving traction elements in relation to the operators station. 4.2.2 Revolving

29、 engine components. 4.2.3 Nip-points. 4.2.4 Outside faces of pulleys, sheaves, sprockets and gears. 4.2.5 Revolving shafts, universal joints, and other revolving parts with projections such as exposed bolts, keys, pins or set screws. Revolving shafts excluded are: 4.2.5.1 Smooth shafts revolving at

30、less than 10 rpm. 4.2.5.2 Smooth shaft ends protruding less than one half the outside diameter of the shaft. 4.2.6 Surfaces which create shearing or pinching hazards. 4.2.7 Ground-driven components, if operating personnel are required to be in the area while the drives are in motion. 4.2.7.1 Those c

31、omponents which perform the same function as ground-driven components but which, for the purposes of test, diagnostics or calibration of the machinery, can be placed in motion while the machinery is stationary are excluded from the guarding requirements of paragraph 4.2 provided that: when in the te

32、st, diagnostic or calibration mode the Figure 4 fastest components rotate at speeds no greater than 20 rpm, and which come to a complete stop after no longer than 3 seconds after start of the motion, or the components can only be placed in motion through activation of a hold-to-operate control that

33、requires continuous activation by an operator in order to maintain the motion. 4.2.8 Hot surfaces. 4.3 Guarding, where required, shall reasonably minimize inadvertent contact with machinery hazards during normal mounting, starting, operating, and dismounting of the equipment. Hot surfaces which can

34、be inadvertently contacted by the operator during normal operation of the machine shall be guarded or insulated. This includes hot surfaces which are near steps, handrails, handholds, working areas and integral machine parts used for access to and egress from the normal operators station and which m

35、ay be inadvertently touched. 4.4 Machines with access doors or guards which can be opened or removed to expose machine elements which continue to rotate or move after the power is disengaged shall have, in the immediate area, a readily visible evidence of rotation, or an audible indication of rotati

36、on, or a suitable safety sign. 4.5 Safety sign(s) conforming to the requirements of ASAE S441, and/or operating instructions shall be provided stating that guards must be kept in place, and/or that the machine should not be operated with guards removed. ANSI/ASAE S493.1 JUL2003 (R2012) Copyright Ame

37、rican Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 4 5 Guard Construction 5.1 Guards shall be sufficiently strong. Unless it is clearly inappropriate, they shall, without cracking, tearing or permanently deflecting, withstand a perpendicular static load of 1 200 N. 5.2 Parts designed as platform

38、s and steps which are also guards shall comply with appropriate strength requirements for platforms and steps. 5.3 Where a guard is intended by the manufacturer to be used as a step it shall withstand a load of 1 200 N. 5.4 Guards shall be rigidly fixed, have no sharp edges, be weather resistant and

39、 retain their strength under extremes of temperature, taking into account the intended use. 5.5 Guards shall be designed in such a way that normal operation and service of the machine can be readily carried out. 5.6 Guards shall normally be attached to the machine such that they cannot be removed wi

40、thout the use of a tool. They may be openable, in which case they should remain attached to the machine in some way, for example by means of a tether, hinge, slide, linkage or other suitable means, and should be provided with a convenient means to keep them closed. 5.7 Guards may be formed of a weld

41、ed or rigid mesh or grille. The size of the opening permitted depends on the distance between the guard and the hazard/hazardous area given in Section 6. The design of the guard shall be such that it is not possible to distort the mesh or the grille during normal operation and use in such a way that

42、 the opening size and distance relationship exceeds the limits given in Section 6. Figure 3 Figure 4 ANSI/ASAE S493.1 JUL2003 (R2012) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 5 6 Safety Distance Guarding 6.1 Where guarding is required (see Section 4 Guarding requirements),

43、 the general principle of safety distance guarding is acceptable provided the applicable criteria in the remaining clauses of this section are met. 6.2 Safety distance from hazard/hazardous area. The safety distance is based on measurements from the location which a person can occupy to operate, mai

44、ntain or inspect the hazard/hazardous area. 6.2.1 Safety distance for upward reach is 2 500 mm for persons standing upright. 6.2.2 Reach-over barriers 6.2.2.1 Barriers shall be 1 000 mm in height, minimum. 6.2.2.2 The safety distance for sideward or downward reach-over barriers of 1 000 mm or greate

45、r height depends on: the distance from the ground level to the hazard the height of the barrier the horizontal distance between the hazard and the barrier. Figure 3 and Table 1 shall be applied. The dimension c is a minimum. Table 1 Dimensions in millimeters Height of danger zone, a Height of protec

46、tive structure, b1)1 000 1 200 1 400 1 600 1 800 2 000 2 200 2 400 2 500 Horizontal distance to danger zone, c 2 500 2) 2 400 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 2 200 600 600 500 500 400 350 250 2 000 1 100 900 700 600 500 350 1 800 1 100 1000 900 900 600 1 600 1 300 1000 900 900 500 1 400 1 300 1000 9

47、00 800 100 1 200 1 400 1000 900 500 1 000 1 400 1000 900 300 800 1 300 900 600 600 1 200 500 400 1 200 300 200 1 100 200 0 1 100 200 6.2.3 Round reach. Table 2 shows the extent of reach around guards which can be attained, taking into account the aperture and the distance from other obstructions. Po

48、tential hazards shall be beyond these limits if they are not independently guarded. ANSI/ASAE S493.1 JUL2003 (R2012) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 6 Table 2 Dimensions in millimeters Limitation of movement Safety distance, sr Illustration Limitation of movement

49、only at shoulder and armpit 850 Arm supported up to elbow 550 Arm supported up to wrist 230 Arm and hand supported up to knuckle joint 130 A is the range of movement of the arm 1) This is either the diameter of a round opening, or the side of a square opening, or the width of a slot opening. 6.2.4 Inside reach through guards. The safety distances depend on the shape of the openings.