ANSI ASABE S318.18-2017 Safety for Agricultural Field Equipment.pdf

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1、 ANSI/ASAE S318.18 JUN2017 Safety for Agricultural Field Equipment American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ASABE is a professional and technical organization, of members worldwide, who are dedicated to advancement of engineering applicable to agricultural, food, and biological syst

2、ems. ASABE Standards are consensus documents developed and adopted by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers to meet standardization needs within the scope of the Society; principally agricultural field equipment, farmstead equipment, structures, soil and water resource manage

3、ment, turf and landscape equipment, forest engineering, food and process engineering, electric power applications, plant and animal environment, and waste management. NOTE: ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data are informational and advisory only. Their use by anyone engaged in industry o

4、r trade is entirely voluntary. The ASABE assumes no responsibility for results attributable to the application of ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data. Conformity does not ensure compliance with applicable ordinances, laws and regulations. Prospective users are responsible for protecting

5、 themselves against liability for infringement of patents. ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data initially approved prior to the society name change in July of 2005 are designated as “ASAE“, regardless of the revision approval date. Newly developed Standards, Engineering Practices and Dat

6、a approved after July of 2005 are designated as “ASABE“. Standards designated as “ANSI“ are American National Standards as are all ISO adoptions published by ASABE. Adoption as an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other cri

7、teria for approval have been met by ASABE. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily una

8、nimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. CAUTION NOTICE: ASABE and ANSI standards may be revised or withdrawn at any time. Additionally, procedures of ASABE require that action be taken periodically to reaffi

9、rm, revise, or withdraw each standard. Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. All rights reserved. ASABE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Ml 49085-9659, USA, phone 269-429-0300, fax 269-429-3852, hqasabe.org S T A N D A R D ANSI/ASAE S318.18 JUN2017 Copyright American Soci

10、ety of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 1 ANSI/ASAE S318.18 JUN2017 Revision approved June 2017 as an American National Standard Safety for Agricultural Field Equipment Supersedes ASAE R275, Improving Safety on Farm Implements, adopted June 1964; R280, Improving Safety on Farm Tractors, adopted

11、 December 1964; and S297T, Enclosure-Type Shielding of Forward Universal Joint and Coupling Means of Agricultural Implement Power Drive Lines, adopted June 1966. Proposed by the Engineering Policy Committee of the Farm and Industrial Equipment Institute; adopted by ASAE as a Recommendation December

12、1968; revised December 1969; revised and reclassified as an American National Standard February 1972; revised editorially June 1972 (revision 3); revised December 1973, March 1977, March 1978; reaffirmed December 1982; revised March 1984, March 1985, March 1987, April 1988; revision approved by ANSI

13、 June 1989; revised editorially April 1991; reaffirmed by ASAE December 1992; reaffirmed by ANSI July 1993; revised March 1995, March 1997, February 1998; revision approved by ANSI November 1998; reaffirmed by ASAE December 1998; revised May 1999; revision approved by ANSI September 1999; revised De

14、cember 2002; revised editorially November 2005; revised June 2006, June 2009, June 2017. Keywords: Braking, Controls, Definitions, Guard, Manuals, Power take-off, ROPS, Safety, Safety signs, Transport. 1 Scope 1.1 This Standard is a guide to provide a reasonable degree of personal safety for operato

15、rs and other persons during the normal operation and servicing of agricultural field equipment. 1.2 This Standard does not apply to skid steer loaders, permanently installed grain dryers, and agricultural equipment covered by other safety standards, such as but not limited to permanently installed f

16、armstead equipment, portable grain augers, and storage structures, except where specifically referenced by other standards. 2 Normative References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies unless no

17、ted. For undated references, the latest approved edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. 2.1 General standards used in the application of this document. ANSI/ASAE S279, Lighting and Marking of Agricultural Equipment on Highways ANSI/ASAE S338, Field Equipment for Agric

18、ulture Safety Chain for Towed Equipment ANSI/ASAE S365, Braking System Test Procedures and Braking Performance Criteria for Agricultural Field Equipment ANSI/ASAE S390, Definitions and Classifications of Agricultural Field Equipment ANSI/ASAE S478 Roll-Over Protective Structures (ROPS) for Compact U

19、tility Tractors ANSI/ASABE S604 Safety for Power Take-off (PTO), PTO Drive Shafts, and Power Input Connection (PIC) for Agricultural Field Equipment ANSI/ASAE S318.18 JUN2017 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 2 ANSI/ASABE S619 Safety for Tractor-Mounted, Boom-Type P

20、ost Hole Diggers ANSI/ASABE S625 Drawbar Pin Dimensions and Requirements for Towed Equipment ANSI/ASABE S639 Safety Standard for Large Row-Crop Flail Mowers ANSI/ASABE AD500-1 Agricultural tractors Rear-mounted power take-off types 1, 2, 3 and 4 Part 1: General specifications, safety requirements, d

21、imensions for master shield and clearance zone. Users are directed to the most recent ASABE adopted version of this ISO document. ANSI/ASABE AD11684 Tractors, machinery for agricultural and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment Safety signs and hazard pictorials General principles. Users are d

22、irected to the most recent ASABE adopted version of this ISO document. ANSI/ASABE AD26322-1 Tractors for agriculture and forestry Safety Part 1: Standard tractors. Users are directed to the most recent ASABE adopted version of this ISO document. ANSI/ASABE AD26322-2 Tractors for agriculture and fore

23、stry Safety Part 2: Narrow-track and small tractors. Users are directed to the most recent ASABE adopted version of this ISO document. ASABE/ISO 12140 Agricultural machinery Agricultural trailers and trailed equipment Drawbar jacks. Users are directed to the most recent ASABE adopted version of this

24、 ISO document. ASABE/ISO 23205 Agricultural tractors Instructional seat. Users are directed to the most recent ASABE adopted version of this ISO document. ASABE/ISO TS 28924 Agricultural Machinery Guards for Moving Parts of Power Transmission Guard Opening Without Tool. Users are directed to the mos

25、t recent ASABE adopted version of this ISO document. ECE Regulation No. 43 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of safety glazing materials and their installation on vehicles SAE J1194, Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) for Wheeled Agricultural Tractors SAE J2194, Roll-Over Protective Stru

26、ctures (ROPS) for Wheeled Agricultural Tractors. SAE Z26.1-1996 Safety Glazing Materials for Glazing Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Equipment Operating on Land Highways ISO 10975 Tractors and machinery for agriculture Auto-guidance systems for operator-controlled tractors and self-propelled machin

27、es Safety requirements ISO 13857:2008 Safety of machinery Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs ISO TS 28923 Agricultural machinery - Guards for moving parts of power transmission - Guard opening with tool 2.2 Applicable parts of ISO 4254 Agricultural machin

28、ery Safety or the national adoption used in the application of this document. ISO 4254-1:2013 Agricultural machinery Safety Part 1: General Requirements ISO 4254-5 Agricultural machinery Safety Part 5: Power driven soil working equipment ANSI/ASABE AD4254-6, Agricultural machinery Safety Part 6: Spr

29、ayers and liquid fertilizer distributors. Users are directed to the most recent ASABE adopted version of this ISO document. ISO 4254-7:2008 Agricultural machinery Safety Part 7: Combine harvesters, forage harvesters and cotton harvesters ANSI/ASAE S318.18 JUN2017 Copyright American Society of Agricu

30、ltural and Biological Engineers 3 ISO 4254-8 Agricultural machinery Safety Part 8: Solid fertilizer distributors ISO 4254-9 Agricultural machinery Safety Part 9: Seed drills ISO 4254-10 Agricultural machinery Safety Part 10: Rotary tedders and rakes. ANSI/ASABE AD4254-11, Agricultural machinery Safe

31、ty Part 11: Pick-up balers. Users are directed to the most recent ASABE adopted version of this ISO document. ANSI/ASABE AD4254-12, Agricultural machinery Safety Part 12: Rotary disc and drum mowers and flail mowers. Users are directed to the most recent ASABE adopted version of this ISO document. A

32、NSI/ASABE AD4254-13, Agricultural machinery Safety Part 13: Large rotary mowers. Users are directed to the most recent ASABE adopted version of this ISO document. ISO 4254-14 Agricultural machinery Safety Part 14: Bale wrappers 3 Definitions 3.1 agricultural field equipment and other terms: (see ANS

33、I/ASAE S390). 3.2 ground-driven components: Components which are powered by the forward or rearward motion of equipment traveling over the ground. 3.3 guard: A protective device designed and fitted to reasonably minimize the possibility of inadvertent contact with machinery hazards, as well as to re

34、strict access to other hazardous areas. 3.4 guarding by location: A hazard is guarded by location when it is guarded by other parts or components of the machine that are not themselves guards, or when the hazard is beyond the safety distance. 3.5 inadvertent contact: Unplanned exposure of a person t

35、o a hazard resulting from the persons action during normal operation and service of the machine SOURCE: ISO 4254-1:2013 3.6 nip-point: A type of pinch point characteristic of components such as meshing gears and the run-in point where a belt, chain or cable contacts a sheave, sprocket or idler. 3.7

36、normal operation and service: Use of the machine for the purposes and in the manner intended by the manufacturer by an operator familiar with the machine characteristics and complying with the conditions of operation, service and safe practices as specified by the manufacturer in the operators manua

37、l and by signs on the machine. 3.8 safety distance: Minimum distance a protective structure is required to be placed from a hazard zone SOURCE: ISO 13857:2008 3.9 safety distance guarding: A means of providing guarding where the possibility of inadvertent contact with the hazard is reasonably minimi

38、zed by the combination of the guard configuration (including openings) and the safety distance between the guard and the hazard/hazardous area. 3.10 stationary operation: application of the machine when the operator is not intended to be in the operators station for the equipment to perform its prim

39、ary function. ANSI/ASAE S318.18 JUN2017 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 4 4 General Requirements 4.1 Tractors shall comply with the requirements of the applicable parts of ANSI/ASABE AD26322-1 and ANSI/ASABE AD26322-2 unless otherwise specified. 4.2 Agricultural t

40、ractor-mounted, boom-type post hole digger equipment shall comply with the requirements of ANSI/ASABE S619. 4.3 Agricultural large row-crop flail mower equipment shall comply with the requirements of ANSI/ASABE S639. 4.4 Other agricultural equipment shall comply with the requirements of the applicab

41、le parts of ASABE adoptions of ISO 4254 unless otherwise specified. If an ASABE adoption is not available, the ISO published version shall be used. 4.5 Tractors with PTO shafts and implements with associated drivelines shall comply with the requirements of ANSI/ASABE S604. 4.6 Operator manuals for t

42、ractors and implements with PTO drives shall include a suitable warning against the use of adaptors to defeat the purpose of the different geometrical designs. 4.7 PTO Over speed requirements: 4.7.1 A Type 1 shaft, as described in ANSI/ASABE AD500-1, with rated rotational frequency of 1000 rpm shall

43、 not be used. 4.7.2 Tractors provided with PTOs described in ANSI/ASABE AD500-1 and capable of driving the 540 r/min shaft in excess of 630 r/min, the 1000 r/min shaft in excess of 1170 r/min, and the 1300 r/min in excess of 1520 r/min shall also include a suitable warning of operation in excess of

44、those speeds. 4.7.3 If a shiftable PTO, as described in ANSI/ASABE AD500-1, is provided, a means shall be employed on the tractor to prevent over speeding of a type 1 tractor PTO shaft in excess of 630 r/min, a type 2 or 3 tractor PTO shaft in excess of 1170 r/min, or a type 4 tractor PTO shaft in e

45、xcess of 1520 r/min. 4.8 Operator Presence Control(s) (OPC) 4.8.1 Tractor Operator Presence Control(s) 4.8.1.1 Tractor PTO power OPC The operator must be detected in the driving position in order to activate the PTO from the operators station. When the operator leaves the driving position with the P

46、TO engaged and the vehicle is not in motion, an alarm shall sound within 3 seconds and the drive of the power take-off shaft shall shut off automatically within 7 seconds. The automatic PTO shut off action shall not have negative effects on safety-related functions (e.g. braking). A restart of the P

47、TO shall only be possible by an intentional actuation by the operator. 4.8.1.2 Intentional tractor PTO stationary operation OPC Stationary operation of a tractor PTO powered implement allows the operator to leave the driving position with the PTO engaged. Enabling stationary PTO operation requires g

48、round propulsion be disengaged, the tractor is not in motion, and ANSI/ASAE S318.18 JUN2017 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 5 an intentional action from an operator. These requirements must be met every time the PTO is engaged for stationary operation. NOTE: Examp

49、les of intentional actions to enable stationary PTO operation: Separate momentary switch; menu selection on a display that allows stationary PTO operation and that resets after each PTO engagement; activation of the PTO switch twice within 3 seconds. 4.8.2 Self-propelled machine OPC Self-propelled machines shall follow applicable provisions of ISO 4254 parts. NOTE: Operator Presence Systems requirements need not be applied to self-propelled machines