ANSI ASA S12.64 PART 1-2009 American National Standard Quantities and Procedures for Description and Measurement of Underwater Sound from Ships C Part 1 General Requirements.pdf

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1、 ANSI/ASA S12.64-2009/Part 1 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDQuantities and Procedures for Description and Measurement of Underwater Sound from Ships Part 1: General Requirements Accredited Standards Committee S12, NoiseStandards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114 E Melv

2、ille, NY 11747-3177ANSI/ASA S12.64-2009/Part 1 Reaffirmed by ANSI September 10, 2014 The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the national coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clearinghouse in the U.S.A. for information on national and international standards. The

3、Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization of scientists and engineers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of acoustics and to promote its practical applications. ANSI/ASA S12.64-2009/Part 1 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Quantities and Procedures for Description and Measure

4、ment of Underwater Sound from Ships - Part 1: General Requirements Secretariat: Acoustical Society of America Approved September 30, 2009 by: American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract This standard describes the measurement systems, procedures, and methodologies used for the beam aspect m

5、easurement of underwater sound pressure levels from ships for a given operating condition. The resulting quantities are reported as nominal source level values in one-third octave bands. It does not require the use of a specific ocean location, but the requirements for an ocean test site are provide

6、d. The underwater sound pressure level measurements are performed in the far-field and then corrected to a reference distance of 1 m. This standard is applicable to any and all surface vessels either manned or unmanned. This standard is not applicable to submerged vessels or to aircraft. Measurement

7、 systems are described for measurement of underwater sound pressure levels and also the distance or range between the underwater transducers and the subject vessel. Processing and reporting of the data are described, and informational guidance is provided. This standard does not specify or provide g

8、uidance on underwater noise criteria. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, S3/SC 1 on Animal Bioacoustics, and S12 on No

9、ise. These committees have wide representation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, organizations with a general interest, and government representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America as American National Standards after app

10、roval by their respective Standards Committees and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). These standards are developed and published as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the Accredite

11、d Standards Committees (operating in accordance with procedures approved by ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administers Committee organization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredited Stand

12、ards Committees and ANSI. After the Standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus o

13、f those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but

14、 not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely voluntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has ap

15、proved the Standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require th

16、at action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretariat 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-0215 Fax: 1 (631) 390-0217 E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2009 by Acoustical Society of America. Thi

17、s standard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards S

18、ecretariat of the Acoustical Society of America. 2009 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved i Contents 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions . 2 4 Instrumentation . 5 4.1 Introduction 5 4.2 Hydrophone and signal conditioning . 5 4.3 Data acquisition, recording, p

19、rocessing and display . 6 4.4 Distance measurement 6 4.5 Acoustic center 8 5 Measurement requirements and procedure . 8 5.1 Introduction 8 5.2 Test site requirements . 8 5.3 Sea surface conditions 9 5.4 Hydrophone deployment . 9 5.5 Test course and vessel operation 11 5.6 Test sequence . 11 6 Post p

20、rocessing 12 6.1 Introduction 12 6.2 Background noise adjustments (all grades) 14 6.3 Sensitivity adjustments (all grades) . 15 6.4 Distance normalization (all grades) . 15 6.5 Grade A-specific post processing 16 6.6 Grade B-specific post processing 17 6.7 Grade C-specific post processing 18 7 Measu

21、rement uncertainty . 18 8 Reporting Example . 19 Bibliography . 21 Figures Figure 1 Grades A and B hydrophone geometry . 10Figure 2 Grade C hydrophone geometry 10Figure 3 Typical hydrophone deployment configurations may be used for any grade . 11Figure 4 Test course configuration, (a) port and (b) s

22、tarboard approaches. . 13Tables Table 1 Summary of measurement grades 7 2009 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved ii Foreword This Foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI/ASA S12.64-2009/Part 1 American National Standard Quantities and Procedures for Description and M

23、easurement of Underwater Sound from Ships - Part 1: General Requirements. This standard comprises a part of a group of definitions, standards, and specifications for use in noise. It was developed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise, under its approved operating procedures. Tho

24、se procedures have been accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The Scope of Accredited Standards Committee S12 is as follows: Standards, specifications, and terminology in the field of acoustical noise pertaining to methods of measurement, evaluation, and control, including

25、biological safety, tolerance, and comfort, and physical acoustics as related to environmental and occupational noise. This standard is not comparable to any existing ISO Standard. At the time this Standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise, for approval, the membership was a

26、s follows: R.D. Hellweg, Chair W.J. Murphy, Vice-Chair S.B. Blaeser, Secretary Acoustical Society of America . R.D. Hellweg D. Lubman (Alt.) Aearo Company . E.H. Berger Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute S. Lind . D. Brown (Alt.) Air Movement Control Association . J.A. Brooks M. S

27、tevens (Alt.) Alcoa Inc. . W.D. Gallagher American Academy of Audiology D. Ostergren S. Gordon-Salant (Alt.) American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery . R.A. Dobie L.A. Michael (Alt.) American Industrial Hygiene Association. D. Driscoll . S.N. Hacker (Alt.) American Society of Heati

28、ng, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers . L. Ronsee D. Tucker (Alt.) American Speech-Language-Hearing Association . L.A. Wilber . V. Gladstone (Alt.) Caterpillar, Inc. . K.G. Meitl Compressed Air and Gas Institute R.C Johnson . D.R. Bookshar (Alt.) 2009 Acoustical Society of America All rig

29、hts reserved iii Council for Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation J.A. Mann .L.D. Hager (Alt.) Emerson Electric Copeland Corporation A.T. Herfat G. Williamson (Alt.) ETSLindgren Acoustic Systems . D. Winker M. Black (Alt.) G.R.A.S. Sound FAX: 631-390-0217; E-mail: asastdsaip.org. 2009

30、Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved v Introduction This part of ANSI/ASA S12.64 was written to provide a standardized measurement method for the quantification and qualification of a ships underwater (radiated) noise. More specific discussions of advanced measurement systems, along wit

31、h technical rationale and tradeoffs, and computation examples will be included in subsequent parts of this standard. Future parts will also contain recommendations concerning issues such as hydrophone suspension, narrowband processing and reporting, shallow water measurements, and factors that affec

32、t the uncertainty and repeatability of the data. Reduction of all types of vessel emissions has become an issue in the past ten years, most notably ballast water and engine emissions. More recently, these emissions have included underwater noise for the purpose of reducing the impact on marine anima

33、ls. Excessive underwater noise has the potential to interfere with a marine animals ability to perform a variety of critical life functions such as navigate, communicate, find food, etc. Thus, the environmental impact statements of underwater projects (e.g., pile driving, pipe laying, oil exploratio

34、n) now include assessments of underwater noise impacts. This standard should help promote consistency among those reporting sound measurements from shipping sources. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ASA S12.64-2009/Part 1 2009 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved 1 American National Stan

35、dard Quantities and Procedures for Description and Measurement of Underwater Sound from Ships - Part 1: General Requirements 1 Scope This part of ANSI/ASA S12.64 describes the general measurement systems, procedures, and methodologies used for the measurement of underwater sound pressure levels from

36、 ships at a prescribed operating condition. It contains methodology for the reporting of one-third octave band sound pressure levels. The resulting quantities are the sound pressure levels normalized to a distance of 1 m. Since the underwater sound pressure levels are affected by the presence of the

37、 free surface (and sometimes the bottom), such quantities are considered “affected source levels,” herein referred to as source levels. The underwater sound pressure level measurements are performed in the geometric far field and then adjusted to the 1 m normalized distance for use in comparison wit

38、h appropriate underwater noise criteria. However, this standard does not specify or provide guidance on underwater noise criteria or address the potential effects of noise on marine organisms. This standard is applicable to any and all underway surface vessels, either manned or unmanned. The methods

39、 have no inherent limitation on minimum or maximum vessel size. This standard is not applicable to submerged vessels or to aircraft. This standard is limited to vessels transiting at speeds no greater than 50 knots (25.70 m/s). The measurement methods mitigate the variability caused by Lloyds Mirror

40、 surface image coherence effects (see 3.16), but do not exclude a possible influence of bottom reflections. No specific computational adjustments for either of these effects are part of this standard. A specific ocean location is not required to use this standard, but the requirements for an ocean t

41、est site are provided. The intended uses of the methods described in this standard are: to show compliance with contract requirements, to enable periodic signature assessments, and for research and development. The intended users include: government agencies, research vessel operators, and commercia

42、l vessel owners that need to operate in acoustically sensitive waters. This standard offers three grades of measurement, each with a stated applicability, test methodology, uncertainty, system repeatability, and complexity. A summary of the attributes of each “Grade” (denoted A, B, and C) is given i

43、n Table 1. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ANSI S1.1, Amer

44、ican National Standard Acoustical Terminology ANSI/ASA S1.11, American National Standard Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters ANSI/ASA S12.64-2009/Part 1 2009 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved 2 ANSI S1.20, American National Standard Pro

45、cedures for Calibration of Underwater Electroacoustic Transducers IEC 60565, Underwater acoustics - Hydrophones - Calibration in the frequency range 0,01 Hz to 1 MHz 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard the terms and definitions given in ANSI S1.1 and the following apply: 3.1 ac

46、oustic center position on the ship where it is assumed that all of the noise sources are co-located as a single point source 3.2 background noise noise from all sources (biotic and abiotic) other than the ship being measured NOTE See 6.2 for background noise adjustments. 3.3 beam aspect direction to

47、 either side of the ship under test NOTE Beam aspect is in reference to the location of the hydrophones. Another approach for hydrophone measurement (not applied here) is bottom aspect where the hydrophone(s) are mounted at or near the sea floor. 3.4 frequency response frequency range a system is ab

48、le to measure, for a given uncertainty and repeatability, from the lowest frequency to the highest stated frequency 3.5 closest point of approach (CPA) the point where the horizontal distance (during a test run) from the acoustic center of ship under test is the closest to the hydrophone(s) NOTE The

49、 distance at the closest point of approach is defined by the symbol dCPAas used in Equation (1). 3.6 COMEX (Commence Exercise) start test range location position of the vessel under test two times (2x) the “Start Data” distance ahead of the CPA NOTE See Figure 4. 3.7 data window angle angle subtended at the hydrophone, between the start data location and the end data location NOTE The data window angle is expressed as a value in degrees as shown in Figure 4. For all grades of measurement the data window angle is 30. ANSI/ASA S12.64-2009/P