ANSI ASA S1.8-2016 American National Standard Reference Values for Levels Used in Acoustics and Vibrations.pdf

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1、ANSI/ASA S1.8-2016 (a revision of ANSI/ASA S1.8-1989) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDReference Values for Levels Used in Acoustics and Vibrations Accredited Standards Committee S1, AcousticsStandards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 1305 Walt Whitman Road, Suite 300 Melville, NY 11747 ANSI/ASAS1

2、.8-2016 The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the national coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clearinghouse in the U.S.A. for information on national and international standards. The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization of scientists and engi

3、neers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of acoustics and to promote its practical applications. ANSI/ASA S1.8-2016 (Revision of ANSI/ASA S1.8-1989 (R2011) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Reference Values for Levels Used in Acoustics and Vibrations Secretariat: Acoustical Society of Ame

4、rica Approved on May 6, 2016, by: American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract This standard provides certain reference values to be used for acoustical and vibratory levels. Levels, when used in this standard, refer to a descriptor of mathematical calculation in which a ratio is used. The r

5、eference value is the denominator of that ratio. Reference values are stated in the International System of Units (SI). The descriptor of most acoustical levels is the decibel, abbreviated “dB.” Levels are equal to ten times the common (base-10) logarithm (abbreviated lg) of an appropriate nondimens

6、ional ratio of a variable quantity (in the numerator) to a reference value of the same kind (in the denominator). The multiplier ten is used when the numerator is a power or power-like quantity (such as the time average of the square of a time-varying sound pressure or vibration acceleration) or an

7、energy-like quantity (such as sound exposure). AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, S3/SC 1 on Animal Bioacoustics, and

8、S12 on Noise. These committees have wide representation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, organizations with a general interest, and government representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America as American National Standards

9、after approval by their respective Standards Committees and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). These standards are developed and published as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the

10、Accredited Standards Committees (operating in accordance with procedures approved by ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administers Committee organization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredi

11、ted Standards Committees and ANSI. After the standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a co

12、nsensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majo

13、rity, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely voluntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or s

14、he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute r

15、equire that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretariat 1305 Walt Whitman Road, Suite 300 Melville, New York 11747 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-0215 Fax: 1 (631) 923-2875 E-mail: asastdsacousticalsociety.org 2016 by Acoustical

16、Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a req

17、uest to the Standards Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America. 2016 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved iContents 1 Scope 1 2 Terms and definitions 1 3 Reference values 1 4 Levels 3 (informative) Acoustical levels with compound reference values 4 Tables Table 1 Reference value

18、s for various acoustical and vibratory levels 2 Table 2 Names and defining equations for the levels, in decibels, of certain quantities . 3 2016 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved iiForeword This Foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI/ASA S1.8-2016 American Nationa

19、l Standard Reference Values for Levels Used in Acoustics and Vibrations. As such, this Foreword may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the standard. This standard comprises a

20、 part of a group of definitions, standards, and specifications for use in acoustics. It was developed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee S1 Acoustics, under its approved operating procedures. Those procedures have been accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The S

21、cope of Accredited Standards Committee S1 is as follows: Standards, specifications, methods of measurement and test, and terminology, in the fields of physical acoustics, including architectural acoustics, electroacoustics, sonics and ultrasonics, and underwater sound, but excluding those aspects wh

22、ich pertain to biological safety, tolerance, and comfort. This American National Standard is a revision of ANSI/ASA S1.8-1989 (R2011). The reference values in this standard are consistent with those in ISO 1683. The major technical changes made in this edition include: Substitution of the term “refe

23、rence value” for “reference quantity” throughout. Incorporation of material formerly in the Introduction into the body of the standard. Table 1 was expanded. Elimination of references to field quantities. Deletion of old Appendix A which compared the obsolete reference values for vibration accelerat

24、ion and velocity which were given in the 1969 edition against those given in the 1989 edition and elimination of clauses from old Appendix B (now Annex A) that used those obsolete values. Updated the references and eliminated obsolete references. All references are consolidated in the Bibliography.

25、The standard also was reformatted to fit the current template. In this standard, letter symbols for variable and reference values and for acoustical levels are consistent with ANSI/IEEE 260.4, ISO 80000-8, or IEC 60027-3. In general, the magnitude of a standard reference quantity is one; its unit is

26、 a derived SI unit with an SI prefix to indicate the appropriate negative power-of-ten multiplier. Examples are a reference vibratory force of one micronewton (1 N), or a reference power of one picowatt (1 pW). Historically, a variety of engineering applications, primarily related to structure-borne

27、 sound, have used a reference vibration acceleration and reference vibration velocity of 10 m/s2and 10 nm/s for all media, i.e., as in ANSI/ASA S1.8-1969. In ISO 1683 and in this standard, those reference values are 1 m/s2and 1 nm/s, respectively. See note to Table 1. 2016 Acoustical Society of Amer

28、ica All rights reserved iiiAt the time this Standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S1, Acoustics, for approval, the membership was as follows: R.J. Peppin, Chair A.A. Scharine, Vice-Chair S.B. Blaeser, Secretary 3M Personal Safety Division, Detection Solutions . P.J. Battenberg . M

29、. Wurm (Alt.) Acoustical Society of America . R.J. Peppin . R.D. Hellweg (Alt.) Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute . S.J. Lind D. Abbate (Alt.) American Industrial Hygiene Association . D. Driscoll D. Sandfort (Alt.) Campanella Associates A.J. Campanella Casella USA . R. Brauch ET

30、S-Lindgren Acoustic Systems .D.F. Winker M. Black (Alt.) G.R.A.S. Sound see SI Brochure: The International System of Units (SI) or ISO/IEC 80000. 3.3 For any given kind of acoustical level, the reference value is unchanged and applies regardless of the unit of the variable quantity. An appropriate c

31、onversion of the measurement unit is therefore required if the variable quantity is not given in the desired SI unit, because the units of the numerator and denominator values have to be the same so that acoustical levels are always formed from nondimensional ratios. Alternatively, a non-SI measurem

32、ent unit for the variable quantity may be retained and the SI unit of the reference value converted to the same unit as the variable quantity. 3.4 Table 1 lists reference values for various acoustical and vibratory levels. The reference frequency of one hertz is used to form frequency levels; see AN

33、SI/ASA S1.6. Table 1 Reference values for various acoustical and vibratory levels Medium Variable quantity Symbol Reference value All media frequency f0 1 Hz All media distance d, r 1 m Gases sound exposure E0 (20 Pa)2s Liquids sound exposure E0 1 Pa2s Gases and liquids sound intensity I0 1 pW/m2Liq

34、uids sound particle acceleration a 1 m/s2Liquids sound particle displacement 1 pm Liquids sound particle velocity v, u 1 nm/s Gases and liquids sound power W0 1 pW Gases sound pressure p0 20 Pa Liquids sound pressure p0 1 Pa Usually solids vibratory force F0 1 N Usually solids vibratory displacement

35、 Ld 1 pm Usually solids vibratory velocity v0 1 nm/s Usually solids vibratory acceleration a0 1 m/s2NOTE In the 1969 edition of this standard, reference values for vibration acceleration and vibration velocity were 10 m/s2and 10 nm/s, respectively. The currently accepted reference values are 1 m/s2a

36、nd 1 nm/s as shown above. The numerical value of any given vibration acceleration or velocity level is therefore 20 dB less when referred to the old ANSI reference values than when referred to the reference values in ANSI/ASA S1.8-2016 or ISO 1683:2015. ANSI/ASA S1.8-2016 2016 Acoustical Society of

37、America All rights reserved33.5 The reference value shall be stated at least once in text for every level used in a document. NOTE For sound pressure level in liquids, indication of the reference value is imperative to avoid confusion with sound pressure level measured in gases. 3.6 A reference valu

38、e may be introduced by “re” to indicate that a level is “with reference to” and may be so read. Examples include: “the sound power level is 135 dB re 1 pW”; “the A-weighted sound pressure level is 95 dB re (20 Pa).” 4 Levels 4.1 Table 2 lists the names for the levels, in decibels, of various quantit

39、ies and the corresponding defining equations with reference values from Table 1. 4.2 Defining equations for the levels given in Table 2 have ten as the multiplier of the common logarithm of the nondimensional ratio because, except for frequency level, all variable quantities in Table 2 are power, po

40、wer-like, or energy-like quantities. A multiplier of ten was chosen for frequency level to yield convenient numerical values; see ANSI/ASA S1.6. NOTE For some applications, sound power levels are reported in bels rather than decibels; where a decibel is one tenth (1/10) of a bel. Bels are used to av

41、oid confusion between power levels and pressure levels in some standards; see ANSI/ASA S12.23-1989. 4.3 Examples are given in Annex A of application of the principles of this standard to acoustical levels with compound reference values. Table 2 Names and defining equations for the levels, in decibel

42、s, of certain quantitiesName Defining equationsound pressure level 220101g( / )pLppsound exposure level E010 lg( / )LEEsound power level W010 lg( / )LWWsound intensity level I010 lg( / )LIIvibratory force level 22F010 lg( / )LFFfrequency level 010 lg( / )NffANSI/ASA S1.8-2016 2016 Acoustical Society

43、 of America All rights reserved 4(informative) Acoustical levels with compound reference values A.1 Compound reference values may be derived from those in Table 1 and an equation relating the quantities in question. A.2 An example of a compound reference value is the source product p0r0 in the equat

44、ion for the source sound pressure level, Ls, at a reference distance, r0, of one meter from an equivalent point source 2 2 22 22sp 0 0010lg( / ) 10 ( / ),LL rr lgprpr (A.1)where Lp is the level of the time-mean-square sound pressure, 2p , at some distance, r, in meters, from the equivalent point sou

45、rce in a free spherical sound field without absorption. A.3 For engineering applications, a relation among levels usually involves additive constants that depend both on the kind of relationship and the particular reference values. ANSI/ASA S1.8-2016 2016 Acoustical Society of America All rights res

46、erved 5Bibliography 1 ANSI/ASA S1.1-2013 American National Standard Acoustical Terminology 2 ANSI/ASA S1.4-2014/Part 1 / IEC 61672-1:2013 American National Standard Electroacoustics Sound Level Meters Part 1: Specifications 3 ANSI/ASA S1.6-1984 (R 2011) American National Standard Preferred Frequenci

47、es, Frequency Levels, and Band Numbers for Acoustical Measurements 4 ANSI/ASA S12.23-1989 (R 2011) American National Standard Method for the Designation of Sound Power Emitted by Machinery and Equipment 5 ANSI/IEEE 260.4-1996 (R 2008) American National Standard Letter Symbols and Abbreviations for Q

48、uantities Used in Acoustics 6 ASTM C634-13 ASTM Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics 7 ISO 1683:2015 Acoustics-Preferred reference values for acoustical and vibratory levels 8 ISO 80000-3:2006 Quantities and units Part 3: Space and time 9 ISO 80000-8:2007 Quantities

49、and units Part 8: Acoustics 10 IEC 60027-3:2002 Letter symbols to be used in electrical technologyPart 3: Logarithmic and related quantities, and their units 11 SI Brochure: The International System of Units (SI) 8th edition, 2006; updated in 2014 http:/www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/ 12 TAYLOR, B.N. The International System of Units (SI), 2001 edition. NIST Special publication 330. 13 THOMPSON, A, and TAYLOR, B.N. Guide for the Use of the International System of Units, 200