ANSI ASA S1.13-2005 American National Standard Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels in Air《空气声压强等级的测量》.pdf

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1、 ANSI S1.13-2005 (Revision of ANSI S1.13-1995) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels in AirAccredited Standards Committee S1, Acoustics Standards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114 E Melville, NY 11747-3177ANSI S1.13-2005Reaffirmed by ANSI

2、 March 5, 2010 The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the national coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clearinghouse in the U.S.A. for information on national and international standards. The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization of scientists a

3、nd engineers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of acoustics and to promote its practical applications. ANSI S1.13- 2005 (Revision of ANSI S1.13-1995) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels In Air Secretariat: Acoustical Society of America Approved by Ameri

4、can National Standards Institute, Inc. 25 July 2005 Abstract This standard specifies requirements and describes procedures for the measurement of sound pressure levels in air at a single point in space. These requirements and procedures apply primarily to measurements performed indoors but may be ut

5、ilized in outdoor measurements under specified conditions. This is a fundamental standard applicable to a wide range of measurements and to sounds that may differ widely in temporal and spectral characteristics; more specific American National Standards complement its requirements. A classification

6、is given of the types of sound generally encountered, and the preferred descriptor for each type is identified. This standard is intended to be used by practitioners in the field, as well as by members of the general public who have little or no special technical training in areas relating to acoust

7、ics. This is a replacement for a previous version of ANSI S1.13. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise.

8、These committees have wide representation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, organizations with a general interest, and government representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America as American National Standards after approval

9、 by their respective Standards Committees and the American National Standards Institute. These standards are developed and published as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the accredited Standards

10、Committees operating in accordance with procedures approved by American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administers Committee organization and activity and provides liaison be

11、tween the Accredited Standards Committees and ANSI. After the Standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution. An American National Stan

12、dard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more t

13、han a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely voluntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone

14、, whether he or she has approved the Standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Stan

15、dards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretariat 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-0215 Fax: 1 (631) 390-0217 E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2005 by Acoustic

16、al Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a

17、request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America.iContents Foreword.iii Introduction. v 1 Scope.1 2 Purpose1 3 Applications2 4 Normative references 2 5 Definitions 3 6 Types of sound 6 6.1 Temporal characteristics7 6.2 Frequency characteristics 8 6.3 Spatial characteristics

18、9 7 Types of acoustical environment .10 7.1 Ideal acoustical environments10 7.2 Practical acoustical environment .10 8 Instrumentation for measuring sound pressure levels.11 8.1 General requirements 11 8.2 Sound level meters 11 8.3 Component systems 12 8.4 Frequency weightings 12 8.5 Octave-band and

19、 one-third octave-band analyzers.12 8.6 Data-logging and data-sampling instruments 12 8.7 Equipment for recording and storing data13 9 Measurement of sound pressure level at a point in space 14 9.1 Planning and preparation for the measurements.14 9.2 Set-up for the measurements.15 9.3 Precision of m

20、easurements (measurement uncertainty) .18 9.4 Measurement procedures 18 9.5 Spatial aspects.22 10 Documentation of measurementsmeasurement record.22 10.1 General information 22 10.2 Description of sound of interest 23 10.3 Description of acoustical environment23 10.4 Instrumentation .23 10.5 Acousti

21、cal data24 11 Reporting of measurement resultsmeasurement report 24 ii Annex A (informative) Identification and evaluation of prominent discrete tones.25 A.1 Field of application25 A.2 Background. 25 A.3 Microphone position 25 A.4 Instrumentation .26 A.5 Audibility requirement . 26 A.6 Critical band

22、widths 27 A.7 Tone-to-noise ratio method 28 A.8 Prominence ratio method 31 A.9 Information to be recorded for prominent discrete tones 36 A.10 References . 37 Annex B (informative) Identification and evaluationof impulsive sound39 B.1 Definition: Time-averaged Al-weighted sound level . 39 B.2 Measur

23、ement position 39 B.3 Instrumentation .39 B.4 Measurements 40 Figures Figure A.1 Tone-to-noise ratio method applied to a single tone in a critical band .32 Figure A.2 Tone-to-noise ratio method applied to multiple tones in a critical band .32 Figure A.3 Illustration of the prominence ratio method fo

24、r prominent tone identification.36 Figure A.4 Criteria for prominence for both tone-to-noise ratio (A.7.5) and prominence ratio (A.8.6) as a function of frequency37 iiiForeword This Foreword is for information only, and is not a part of the American National Standard ANSI S1.13 2005 American Nationa

25、l Standard Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels in Air. This standard comprises a part of a group of definitions, standards, and specifications for use in acoustics. It was developed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee S1 Acoustics, under its approved operating procedures. Those procedure

26、s have been accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The Scope of Accredited Standards Committee S1 is as follows: Standards, specifications, methods of measurement and test, and terminology in the field of physical acoustics, including architectural acoustics, electroacoustic

27、s, sonics and ultrasonics, and underwater sound, but excluding those aspects which pertain to biological safety, tolerances, and comfort. This standard is a limited revision of ANSI S1.13-1995, which has been technically revised by updating the references in the body and replacing Annex A in its ent

28、irety. This standard is not comparable to any existing ISO Standard. At the time this Standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S1, Acoustics for approval, the membership was as follows: J.P. Seiler, Chair G.S.K. Wong, Vice-Chair S.B. Blaeser, Secretary Acoustical Society of America .

29、J.P. Seiler .G.S.K. Wong (Alt.) Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute R.Seel .D. Brown (Alt.) American Industrial Hygiene Association .D. Driscoll . D. Sandfort (Alt.) Bruel FAX: 631-390-0217; E-mail: asastdsaip.org vIntroduction Sound is a pressure fluctuation in the air. In general, the gre

30、ater the amplitude of the pressure fluctuation, the “louder“ the sound will be perceived by people. But loudness is a subjective measure of the amplitude that varies from one person to the next and will depend on many parameters, some of which are nonphysical. The need often arises for an objective

31、measure of the amplitude of the pressure fluctuations, a measure that depends solely on physical parameters and that is not subject to interpretation or opinion. Sound pressure level is this objective measure. This standard gives requirements and guidelines for measuring the sound pressure level in

32、air at a single point in space. The total ambient sound that exists at a given point in space is usually due to a composite of many different sounds with different strengths and frequency content. The composite sound may be a combination of background noise and sound from a single identifiable sourc

33、e; it may be a combination from several individual sources; and it may include reflections from room surfaces or reflecting objects. This standard is primarily concerned with the measurement of the level of the composite sound at a given point or in measuring changes in that level caused by a certai

34、n sound of interest. This standard (ANSI S1.13-2005, Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels in Air) is a fundamental standard giving basic information and requirements for a wide range of measurements. Other American National Standards provide more specialized information and requirements. The way in

35、which the sound pressure level varies with time (temporal pattern), how it varies over frequency (frequency content), and how it varies from one physical point to another (spatial distribution) are often important. The desire to quantify these aspects has led, unfortunately, to a preponderance of me

36、trics and descriptors in use today, some quite complicated and some limited to very specific applications. Fortunately, the advent of modern digital instruments of relatively low cost and wide availability and the efforts by standardization bodies have led to a general consensus on only a small numb

37、er of descriptors. This standard identifies the time-average A-weighted sound level and the A-weighted sound exposure level as preferred descriptors for the various types of sounds defined in the text. There are many reasons for measuring sound pressure levels. These include regulatory purposes, qua

38、ntifying noise emissions of products, assessing hearing-damage risk, designing acoustical spaces, monitoring the condition of a machine, evaluating the performance of sound sources such as loudspeakers or emergency sirens, evaluating hearing protectors, absorptive materials, or barriers, and assessi

39、ng various subjective responses such as loudness, noisiness, speech-interference level, and articulation index. However, most purposes for sound pressure level measurements fall into two groups: sound pressure levels measured in order to characterize a source, and sound pressure levels measured in o

40、rder to characterize an environment. Regardless of the reasons, or whether one is trying to characterize a source or an environment, the process will involve individual measurements of the sound pressure level at one or more specific points in space. This is the focus of this standard. The particula

41、r reasons or applications for the measurements are dealt with only superficially. This standard is intended to be used by practitioners in the field as well as by members of the general public who have little or no special technical training in areas relating to acoustics. One of the goals of publis

42、hing this standard is to make the practice of making an accurate sound pressure level measurement more widespread and comfortable. vi It is anticipated that standards, test codes, government regulations, purchase specifications, design specifications, or similar documents requiring the measurement o

43、f sound pressure levels will refer to this standard in a form such as “. (at the specified point or points) the (specified type of) sound pressure level shall be measured in accordance with ANSI S1.13-2005.“ AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI S1.13-2005 1American National Standard Measurement of Sound

44、Pressure Levels In Air 1 Scope This standard specifies requirements and procedures for the measurement of sound pressure levels in air. These requirements and procedures apply primarily to measurements performed under normal, relatively quiescent meteorological conditions. Nearly all measurements ma

45、de indoors will fall under such conditions, but outdoor measurements may also be made, and may remain in conformance with this standard provided the ranges of certain environmental variables are restricted, as described herein. The requirements in this standard (identified by the use of the word sha

46、ll) are to be understood as conditions on the measurements that must be met in order to state that such measurements have been made in conformance with this American National Standard. The guidelines and recommendations (identified by the use of the word should) are to be understood as conditions th

47、at will generally improve the accuracy, validity, applicability, documentation, and reporting of the measurement data but that are not mandatory for conformance. The type of sounds considered by this standard may differ widely in temporal and spectral characteristics. The sound to be measured may be

48、 continuous or intermittent; it may be steady, fluctuating, or impulsive; and it may be essentially broad band or contain discrete tones or narrow bands of noise. The frequency range covered by the requirements of this standard depends on the specific type of sound level meter or instrumentation bei

49、ng used, but, in general, the frequency content of the sound being measured should be contained within the range covered by the octave bands having center frequencies from 31.5 Hz to 16.0 kHz. The sound pressure levels of sounds whose energy is concentrated outside of this range may not be measured accurately according to the procedures of this standard. The sound pressure level descriptors primarily used in this standard are the time-average A-weighted sound level (also called the equivalent-continuous A-weighted sound pressure