ANSI American Society of Safety Engineers Z9.2-2012 Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local exhaust Ventilation Systems.pdf

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1、By the ANSI/AIHA Z9.2 SubcommItteeA Publication by American Industrial Hygiene AssociationANSI/AIHA Z9.22012 Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation ofLocal exhaust Ventilation SystemsPlease note the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) is now the Secretariat of the Z9 ASC and holds t

2、he copyright to this standard.American Society of Safety Engineerswww.asse.orgASSEANSI/AIHAZ9.22012American National Standard Fundamentals G overning the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Ventilation SystemsSecretariatAmerican Industrial Hygiene AssociationApproved: March 6, 2012American Nationa

3、l Standards Institute, Inc.Please note the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) is now the Secretariat of the Z9 ASC and holds the copyright to this standard.American Society of Safety Engineerswww.asse.orgApproval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requir

4、ement for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement

5、 means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution.The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect

6、preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the Standards, or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processors, or procedures not conforming to the Standards.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an int

7、erpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor wh

8、ose name appears on the title page of this standard.CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard no later than five year

9、s from the date of approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute.American National StandardPublished by American Industrial Hygiene Association3141 Fairview Park Drive, Suite 777 Fa

10、lls Church, Virginia 22042 www.aiha.orgCopyright 2012 by the American Industrial Hygiene Association All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.Printed in the Uni

11、ted States of America.Stock No: IVEA12-720ISBN: 978-1-935082-37-8ANSI/AIHAZ9.22012ContentsForeword viiCommittee Members . viii1. Scope 12. Referenced Standards and Publications 23. Definitions . 54. General Requirements 85. Plant Layout and Construction . 126. Makeup Air Systems . 147. Exhaust Hoods

12、 . 198. Ductwork and Stacks 249. Air Cleaning Equipment . 2910. Fans and Air Moving Devices 3111. Management of LEV systems . 3412. Commissioning 3613. Operations and Maintenance 3714. Testing, Balancing, and Operational Checks 39AppendicesA. Commentary by Standard Section Number 43B. ANSI/AIHAZ9.2

13、Audit Form 57Note: Standard Paragraphs denoted with a “See Appendix” indicate that there is an entry in the Appendix for that Paragraph which provides additional explanatory information on the Paragraph topic.ANSI/AIHAZ9.22012vii ForewordThis standard describes fundamental good practices related to

14、the commissioning, design, selection, installation, operation, maintenance, and testing of local exhaust ventilation (LEV) systems used for the control of employee exposure to airborne contaminants. It is intended for use by LEV system owners, employers, industrial hygienists, facility engineers, ma

15、intenance personnel, testing and balancing personnel, ventilation system designers, and others with responsibility for LEV systems. It is compatible with the ACGIHIndustrial Ventilation Manual and other recognized standards of good practice.A document describing fundamentals of exhaust system design

16、 was originally published in 1936. This was formalized by the Z9 Committee under the direction of Knowlton Caplan, and published in 1960, with updates in 1971 and 1979. The 2001 edition, under the direction of Jeff Burton, constituted a major revision of that earlier document and was a more performa

17、nce based document with a systems orientation that appealed to a wider audience. Much of the previously included technical design detail had been left to other, more thorough and comprehensive sources. This 2012 version is an additional update of the 2006 updated version.How to Read this StandardThe

18、 standard is presented in two column format. The left column presents the requirements of the standard; the right column provides clarification and explanation of the requirements plus “how to comply” information. Appendix A provides supplementary information by Standard section number. The designat

19、ion, “(See Appendix)”, at the end of a section designates an Appendix entry for that section and paragraph.Requirements should be considered minimum criteria and can be adapted to the needs of the User establishment. Demonstrably equal or better approaches are acceptable. When deviating from the Sta

20、ndard, documentation should be provided. The Standard is auditable by those trained in local exhaust ventilation. An Audit Form is provided in Appendix B.Suggestions for improvement of this standard are welcome. The Committee will carefully consider all comments and suggestions. Comments should be s

21、ent to Attn: Scientific and Technical Initiatives, AIHA, 3141 Fairview Park Drive, Suite 777, Falls Church, VA 22042.ANSI/AIHAZ9.22012viiiThis standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Z9 Accredited Standards Committee on Health and Safety Standards for Ventilation Systems. Co

22、mmittee approval of the Standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time it approved this Standard the Z9 Committee had the following members:Thomas C. Smith, ChairTheodore J. Knutson, PE, Vice ChairDavid Hicks, Secretariat RepresentativeOrganization

23、 Represented .Name of RepresentativeAlliance of American Insurers S. Ecoff American Chemical Society D. Walters American Conference of Governmental G. Knutson American Foundrymens Society R. Scholz Industrial HygienistsAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigerating, T.C. Smith and Air Conditioning Engin

24、eersAmerican Society of Safety Engineers P. Osley Massachusetts Institute of Technology L.J. DiBerardinis National Association of Metal Finishers K.C. Hankinson National Spray Equipment Manufacturers D.R. Scarborough AssociationU.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety L. Hathon and Health Admini

25、strationIndividual MembersD. Blackburn D. OBrienD.J. Burton K. PaulsonS. Crooks J.M. PriceC. Figueroa J.C. RockS.J. Gunsel M. RollinsT. Knutson D.R. ScarbroughN. McManus J.W. SheehySubcommittee Z9.2 on Local Exhaust Systems, which developed this standard, had the following members:D. Jeff Burton, Ch

26、air J. ThrockmortonC. Figueroa, Vice Chair S. SwansonK. Paulson R.T. HughesJ.C. Rock L.J. DiBeradinisT.C. Smith G. Hrbek, as a Technical ResourceL.K. TurnerANSI/AIHAZ9.220121 Requirements of the Standard1. Scope1.1 This Standard establishes minimum requirements for the commissioning, design, specifi

27、cation, construction, and installation of fixed industrial local exhaust ventilation (LEV) systems used for the reduction and prevention of employee exposure to harmful airborne substances in the industrial environment. 1.2 The Standard also establishes fundamental requirements for the management, o

28、peration, maintenance, and testing of LEV systems to assure satisfactory performance over the life of the system. 1.3 The Standard also describes basic requirements for replacing air exhausted from the space.1.4 The Standard does not cover: ventilation for comfort, air moving systems which are part

29、of an industrial process, paint booths not used primarily for employee protection, or energy conservationexcept when they also impact or apply to airborne contaminant control for employee protection.1.5 Where Standard provisions are in conflict, the more stringent shall apply.Clarification and Expla

30、nation of the Requirements1. Scope1.1 Local exhaust ventilation is an important engineering control technique for maintaining acceptable air quality in the industrial work environment. Its major approaches are the capture, control, or containment of airborne contaminants at or as close as possible t

31、o the point of contaminant generation. LEV is often used with other control methods, e.g., isolation, dilution ventilation, or personal protective equipment. Properly designed, installed and operated, LEV systems can provide excellent control of airborne contaminants.1.3 Replacement air systems that

32、 are improperly designed, installed or operated can impair otherwise acceptable LEV systems.1.4 No ventilation standard can provide complete and comprehensive coverage of every application and technical problem encountered when applying LEV systems to the wide range of processes and equipment found

33、in industry. The User should refer to appropriate technical references and publications for further guidance on uses and applications of local exhaust in specific applications. (See Appendix)1.5 Because some sections are written to stand alone, they may duplicate requirements of other sections. Effo

34、rts to avoid conflicts within the Standard have been taken but every consensus and committee-generated standard has the possibility of conflicts.American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Ventilation SystemsANSI/AIHAZ9.2201222. Referenced Standards an

35、d PublicationsThe following codes, regulations, standards, and guidelines contain provisions that, through reference in this standard, constitute provisions of the Standard. Where published requirements are in conflict, the more stringent shall apply. Information on how to obtain the following docum

36、ents is available in Appendix A. Check Appendix A for the corresponding number in parenthesis.2.1 American National Standards.ANSI/AIHAZ9.1 thru ANSI/AIHA Z9.11 Standards on industrial ventilation, as follows:(1)ANSI/AIHAZ9.1 Open-Surfaced Tanks Ventilation and Operation;ANSI/AIHAZ9.3 Spray Finishin

37、g OperationsSafety Code for Design, Construction, and Ventilation;ANSI/AIHAZ9.4 Abrasive Blasting OperationsVentilation and Safe Practices for Fixed Location Enclosures;ANSI/AIHAZ9.5 Laboratory Ventilation;ANSI/AIHAZ9.6 Exhaust Systems for Grinding, Buffing and Polishing; ANSI/AIHAZ9.7 Recirculation

38、 of Air from Industrial Process Exhaust Systems;ANSI/AIHAZ9.10 Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Dilution Ventilation Systems in Industrial Occupancies; andANSI/AIHAZ9.11 Laboratory Decommissioning; ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality; ANSI/ASHRAE 55, The

39、rmal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy; ANSI/ASHRAE 52.1, Gravimetric and Dust-Spot Procedures for testing Air Cleaning Devices Used in General Ventilation for Removing Particulate Matter; 52.2, Method of Testing General Ventilation Air Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle

40、SizeANSI/ASHRAE 110, Method of Testing Performance of Laboratory Fume Hoods.(2)ANSI F3.1, Welding Fume Control with Mechanical Ventilation.2. Referenced Standards and PublicationsThe items listed in Sections 2.1 to 2.3 are not all-inclusive but are considered current and recognized standards of good

41、 practice. All regulations, standards. and guidelines are subject to revision. Users of the Standard are encouraged to consult the most recent versions or editions of the regulations, standards and guidelines to determine continued applicability. Citations are listed in alphabetical order. Standards

42、 and dates may change over time. Refer to latest versions of standards to determine current applicability. Numbers in parenthesis refer to addresses provided in Appendix A. Additional technical resources are provided in Appendix A. These explain and demonstrate the application of the standards of go

43、od practice found in the citations of Section 2.ANSI/AIHAZ9.220123 2.3 NFPA Standards.NFPA 91, Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Vapors, Gases, Mists, and Noncombustible Particulate Solids; NFPA 45, Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals; NFPA 33, Standard for Spray Operation Using Flam

44、mable or Combustible Materials(3)2.3 Occupational Safety and Health Administration Standards.Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Part 1910, Section 94, Ventilation.(4)Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Part 1910, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances.(4)Code of Federal Regulations, Title

45、29, Part 1910, Section 1450, Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories, May 1, 1990.(4)2.4 Other Recognized Standards and Guidelines of Good PracticeAir Force Manual 48-155; Oct 2008 Occupational Health and Safety Controls.(5)ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals. Atlanta, GA: American So

46、ciety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers.(2)ASHRAE Handbook HVAC Applications. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers.(2)ASHRAE Guideline 1. The HVAC Commissioning Process; Guideline 4, Preparation of O Rectangular Industrial Duct

47、 Construction Standards; Round Industrial Duct Construction Standards; Guide for Steel Stack Construction; Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing HVAC Systems.(7)Although not intended for LEV systems, ASHRAE Guideline 1 provides a model of how commissioning can be performed.The 28th Edition of the ACGIHI

48、ndustrial Ventilation Manual is due to be issued in early 2014. ANSI/AIHAZ9.220125 3. DefinitionsThe following definitions explain terms used in this Standard.3.1 Air Cleaning Equipment. A device or combination of devices for separating contaminants from the air handled by an LEV system.3.2 Aspect R

49、atio. In rectangular exhaust openings, usually the ratio of the width to length of the hood opening, e.g., in slot or face openings; in ductwork, the ratio of the height to width of the duct cross-sectional dimensions.3.3 Balanced. In LEV, a balanced system is one in which the desired air flowrate is achieved simultaneously in all branches of the system. Balance is usually achieved through good design, proper fitting and duct selection, and, when necessary, by the use of balancing dampers.3.4 Baffle, also Flange. Partial enclosures in and a