ANSI AGMA 9005-E-2002 Industrial Gear Lubrication《工业齿轮润滑》.pdf

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1、ANSI/AGMA9005-E02ANSI/AGMA 9005-E02(Revision ofANSI/AGMA 9005-D94)AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDIndustrial Gear LubricationCopyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-iiIndustr

2、ial Gear LubricationANSI/AGMA 9005-E02(Revision of ANSI/AGMA 9005-D94)Approvalof an American NationalStandard requires verification by ANSIthat therequire-ments for due process, consensus and other criteria for approval have been met by thestandards developer.Consensus is established when, in the ju

3、dgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review,substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests.Substantialagreementmeansmuchmorethanasimplemajority,butnotnecessarilyuna-nimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aconcerted effo

4、rt be made toward their resolution.TheuseofAmericanNationalStandardsis completelyvoluntary; theirexistence doesnotin any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, frommanufacturing, marketing, purchasing or using products, processes or procedures notconforming to the sta

5、ndards.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in nocircumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, noperson shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American NationalStandardinthenameoftheAmericanNatio

6、nalStandardsInstitute. Requestsforinterpre-tation of this standard should be addressed to the American Gear ManufacturersAssociation.CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improvement,revision or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMATech

7、nical Publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from theAssociation on the subject matter.Tables or other self-supporting sections may be quoted or extracted. Credit lines shouldread: Extracted from ANSI/AGMA 9005-E02, Industrial Gear Lubrication, with the per-missionof

8、thepublisher,theAmericanGearManufacturersAssociation,500MontgomeryStreet, Suite 350, Alexandria, Virginia 22314.Approved December 31, 2002ABSTRACTThis standard provides lubrication guidelines for enclosed and open gearing which is installed in generalindustrial power transmission applications. It is

9、 not intended to supplant specific instructions from the gearmanufacturer.Published byAmerican Gear Manufacturers Association500 Montgomery Street, Suite 350, Alexandria, Virginia 22314Copyright 2002 by American Gear Manufacturers AssociationAll rights reserved.No part of this publication may be rep

10、roduced in any form, in an electronicretrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of AmericaISBN: 1-55589-800-9AmericanNationalStandardCopyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMANot for Res

11、aleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/AGMA 9005-E02AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDiiiContentsPageForeword iv.1 Scope 12 Normative references 1.3 Overview of lubrication 24 Minimum performance requirements 35 Applications 4.6 Open gearing 9Bibliography 31.AnnexesA Lu

12、bricant properties and methods of measurement 11B Guideline for lubricant viscosity grade selection 18C Guideline for determining lubricant type based on application 24D Guideline for lubrication of open gearing 25E Guideline for condition monitoring 27.F Lubrication system maintenance 29Tables1 Min

13、imum performance requirements for inhibited (RO) oils 4.2 Minimum performance requirements for antiscuff/antiwear (EP) oils 5.3 Minimum performance requirements for compounded (CP) oils 6.4 Viscosity grade requirements 7Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license

14、with AGMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/AGMA 9005-E02 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDivForewordThe foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, in this document are provided forinformationalpurposes only and are not to be construed asa partof ANSI/AGMA

15、Standard9005-E02, Industrial Gear Lubrication.AGMA formed the Lubrication Committee in 1938 to study gear lubrication problems. Thiscommittee drafted tentative standard 250.01, Lubrication of Enclosed and Open Gearing,which was accepted in 1943 and adopted as a full standard in 1946. Lubrication Sta

16、ndard250.01 was revised to include only industrial enclosed gearing and was accepted by themembership in 1955 as AGMA 250.02. AGMA 250.03, which was published in 1972,supersededAGMA250.02aswellasAGMA250.02A,TypicalManufacturers OilsMeetingAGMA Standard 250.02, May, 1956; and AGMA 252.02, Mild Extrem

17、e PressureLubricants, May, 1959. The list of Typical Manufacturers Oils was eliminated due todifficulties in keeping such a list up to date. AGMA 250.03 contained instead, a list ofdetailed specifications which had to be met before an oil could be recommended for use inAGMA rated gear drives. It the

18、n became the responsibility of the oil supplier to certify aparticular product as meeting AGMA specifications. AGMA 250.04, published in 1981,eliminatedleadnaphthenateasanEPadditiveandadjustedtheAGMAlubricantnumberingsystem to be coincident with the viscosity ranges established by the American Socie

19、ty forTesting Materials (ASTM 2422), the British Standards Institute (B.S. 4231), and theInternational Standards Organization (ISO 3448).The elimination of open gearing, where the bearings are lubricated separately, from AGMA250.02 created the need for a new standard to cover this area of lubricatio

20、n. AGMAStandard AGMA 251.01, Lubrication of Industrial Open Gearing, was approved in April,1963. ThisstandardwasrevisedinSeptember,1974. AGMA251.02extendedcoveragetobevel gears. Other changes included the addition of AGMA Lubricant Numbers based onthe ASTM viscosity system and complete specification

21、s for R - determine the materials of construction of allsystem components, such as:- gears;- bearings;- seals;- piping;- sightglasses;- determine selected operating conditions,such as:- ambient temperature;- operating oil temperature;- minimum and maximum pitch linevelocities;- determine any critica

22、l special circumstances,such as:- low temperature start-up;- ambient temperatures above 50C;- high, transient loads.Using the above information, one can estimate theappropriate viscosity for the particular applicationbased on the effective operating temperature thegears will see in service. Since in

23、dustrial gearapplications involve a wide variety of operatingconditionsandgeartypes,oilsareclassifiedaccord-ing to their general performance as well as by theirviscosity.3.3 Lubricant classificationsFor the purposes of this document, lubricants areconsidered to be in one of three distinct classes:in

24、hibited; antiscuff/antiwear; or compounded. Eachclasshasitsownsetofrequirementsandisintendedto provide the correct performance for each applica-tion.3.3.1 Inhibited oils (RO)These are commonly referred to as rust andoxidation inhibited, or R- sustained lubricant sump temperature ap-proaching 95C;- d

25、uty cycle or ambient conditions causinglarge and rapid temperature changes;- seasonal ambient temperatures resulting inchanges of recommended lubricant grade.5.1.5 Low temperature gear oilsGeardrivesoperatingincoldareasmustbeprovidedwithoilthatcirculatesfreelyanddoesnotcausehighstarting torques. An

26、acceptable low temperaturegear oil, in addition to meeting the specifications ofthis standard, should have a pour point at least 5Clower than expected minimum ambient start-uptemperature. Lubricant viscosity must be lowenough to allow the oil to flow freely at the start-uptemperature,buthighenoughto

27、carrytheloadattheoperating temperature. Gear drives equipped withan oil pump should also consider the maximumviscosity that the pump can deliver.5.1.6 Sump heatersIf a suitablelow temperaturegear oilis notavailable,the gear drive must be provided with a sump heaterto bring oil up to a temperature at

28、 which it willcirculate freely for starting. The heater, preferablyequipped with thermostatic control, should be de-signed so as to avoid excessive localized heating,which could result in rapid degradation of thelubricant. A rating of 0.8 watts per cm2of heatersurface area is considered conservative

29、 for mostapplications. Higherwattdensitiesmaybeusedwithgood circulation within the sump.5.1.7 CoolersProvision should be made for cooling the lubricantwhere normal continuous operation of the gearingwould raise bulk fluid over recommended tempera-tures. Thermostatic control is recommended.5.2 Method

30、s of application5.2.1 Splash and idler immersion systemsThesearethesimplestmethodsoflubricatinggears.The gear or an idler inmesh withthe gear isallowedto dip into the lubricant carrying it around to themesh. Splash systems are generally limited to pitchCopyright American Gear Manufacturers Associati

31、on Provided by IHS under license with AGMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/AGMA 9005-E02 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD8line velocities below 15 meters per second fornon-worm gears and 10 meters per second slidingvelocityforworms,sincethelubricantma

32、ybethrownoff at higher speeds. However, with the incorpora-tion of appropriate design features, splash systemshave been successfully used in non-worm geardrives operating with pitch line velocities up to 25meters per second. Idler immersion systems aregenerally limited to pitch line velocities below

33、 1.5meters per second. See annexes B, C and D forlubricant selection guidelines for these systems.5.2.2 Gravity feed or forced dripThis method of lubrication involves one or moreoilers or a cascade pan which allows oil to drip intothe gear mesh at a set rate. Guidelines for selectionof oils and rate

34、s of application for this method oflubrication are shown in annex D. This method ofapplication is limited to open gearing with pitch linevelocities of 7.5 meters per second or less.5.2.3 Hand or brush applicationThis method may be used with heavier grades andresidual compounds. Frequency of applicat

35、ion maybe determined by observation.5.2.4 Spray systemsSpray systems apply a continuous or intermittentsupply of lubricant to the gear teeth under pressure.5.2.4.1 Enclosed gear unitsGears and bearings are lubricated by the samecirculating pump system to provide continuouslubrication. The oil runs b

36、ack to a sump and isrecirculated through the system. This system mayalso consist of temperature and pressure controlsand employ suitable oilfiltration. Lubricant selectionguidelines for continuous pressure lubrication canbe found in annexes B and C.5.2.4.2 Open gearingIntermittentmechanicalspraysyst

37、emsareusedwithopen gearing and depend on the use of heavy oil,grease, or residual compounds which will remain onthe gear teeth through several revolutions. Thesprayisactivatedautomaticallyorbyhandatcertaintimed intervals. The spraying time should equal thetime for one or preferably two revolutions o

38、f the gearto ensure complete coverage. Periodic inspectionsshould be made to ensure that sufficient lubricant isbeingappliedtogiveproperprotection. Twohoursisthe maximum interval permitted between applica-tions of lubricant. More frequent application of smallquantities is preferred. Guidelines for l

39、ubricantselection and lubricant quantities using this methodof application are shown in annex D.Spray nozzles must be sufficient in number andproperly spaced to provide adequate lubricantcoverageacrosstheentirefaceofthegearteeth. Asa guideline, for slow speed open gearing operatingup to 10 meters pe

40、r second, the end nozzles aregenerally placed 50 to 65 millimeters from the gearfaceedgewiththeremainingnozzlesspacedon130to 180 millimeter centers. Nozzle location is also afunction of the spray pattern. Spray nozzles aregenerally positioned to direct the lubricant at theloaded profiles of the gear

41、 teeth and are typicallylocated a distance of 150 to 200 millimetersmaximum from the gear teeth.As a guideline, for open or enclosed gearingoperating above 10 meters per second, the functionof the lubricant as a coolant must be considered.5.2.4.3 Protective devicesProtective devices are recommended,

42、 where appli-cable, to warn of failure of timers, coolers, systempressure, lubricant supply, as well as dirty filters.5.3 Lubricant selectionProper selection of a gear lubricant is essential toachieving maximum service life in a givenapplication. The recommendations of the gearmanufacturer should be

43、 followed, when available, inselecting a gear lubricant. In the absence of suchinformation, annexes B and C give guidelines forlubricant selection in the form of tables based onoperating temperature, velocities, and mode ofoperation. In the case of wormgear drives, ambienttemperature is selected as

44、a criteria becauseoperating temperature is generally not known at thetime of installation. It is important to maintain properviscosity at the operating temperature. Therefore,parameters such as temperature, noise and vibra-tion should be closely monitored at start-up withappropriate changes in lubri

45、cant viscosity grade, ifnecessary. Annex B provides guidelines for ISOviscosity grade selection for various operatingconditions.While these guidelines will generally provide satis-factory selections, a detailed engineering analysis isalways preferred, especially in critical applicationsandhighspeedu

46、nits.Suchananalysisisbeyondthescope of this standard; however, annex A includesCopyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/AGMA 9005-E02AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD9info

47、rmation and references on the subject. ISOviscosity grade guidelines in annex B are empirical,representing an accumulation of gear industryexperience.6 Open gearingOpen gearing is similar to enclosed gearing except,as the name implies, these gears are not enclosedwithin a housing. These gears may be

48、 of any type,but commonly are spur and helical gears. Theirlubrication requirements are similar to enclosedgears, but the method of application is usuallydifferent. Several factors must be considered whendeterminingthelubricanttobeusedwithopengears.These include: degree of enclosure; speed of thegea

49、rs; size (pitch diameter); environment; accessi-bility of the gears; and, method of lubricant applica-tion. Since open gears have a tendency to throw offconventional oils such as those used with mostenclosed drives, much higher viscosity lubricants,sprayablegreases,orresidualoilsaretypicallyusedfor these applications.Open gears are also exposed to a variety ofenvironmental conditions which can be quite harshin some cases. Some examples might includegear