ANSI AGMA 6001-E08-2008 Design and Selection of Components for Enclosed Gear Drives.pdf

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1、ANSI/AGMA 6001-E08Revision ofANSI/AGMA 6001-D97Reaffirmed March 2014American National StandardDesign and Selection ofComponents for EnclosedGear DrivesANSI/AGMA6001-E08iiDesign and Selection of Components for Enclosed Gear DrivesANSI/AGMA 6001-E08Revision of ANSI/AGMA 6001-D97ApprovalofanAmericanNat

2、ionalStandardrequiresverificationbyANSIthattherequire-ments for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by thestandards developer.Consensusisestablishedwhen,inthejudgmentoftheANSIBoardofStandardsReview,substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially af

3、fected interests.Substantialagreementmeansmuchmorethanasimplemajority,butnotnecessarilyuna-nimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aconcerted effort be made toward their resolution.TheuseofAmericanNationalStandardsiscompletelyvoluntary;theirexistencedoesnotin

4、 any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, frommanufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures notconforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in nocircumstances give an in

5、terpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, noperson shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American NationalStandardinthenameoftheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute. Requestsforinterpre-tation of this standard should be addressed to the American Gear Manufa

6、cturersAssociation.CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improvement,revision, or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMAtechnical publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from theAssociation on the subject

7、matter.Tablesorotherself-supportingsectionsmaybereferenced. Citationsshouldread: SeeANSI/AGMA6001-E08,DesignandSelectionofComponentsforEnclosedGearDrives,published by the American Gear Manufacturers Association, 500 Montgomery Street,Suite 350, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, http:/www.agma.org.Approved

8、 December 19, 2008ABSTRACTThis standard outlines the basic practices for the design and selection of components, other than gearing, foruse in commercial and industrial enclosed gear drives.Published byAmerican Gear Manufacturers Association500 Montgomery Street, Suite 350, Alexandria, Virginia 2231

9、4Copyright 2008 by American Gear Manufacturers AssociationAll rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronicretrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of AmericaISBN: 978-1-55589-951-6Amer

10、icanNationalStandardANSI/AGMA 6001-E08AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDiii AGMA 2008 - All rights reservedContentsPageForeword iv.1 Scope 1.2 Normative references 1.3 Definitions and symbols 1.4 Design conditions 4.5 Shafts 5.6 Keys and interference fits 17.7 Bearings 208 Housings 21.9 Threaded fasteners 2

11、110 Miscellaneous components 23.Bibliography 43.AnnexesA Allowable stresses for typical key materials 25B Material properties for typical threaded fasteners 27.C Previous method - shaft design 29D Sample problems - transmission shaft design 31.E Shaft deflection 35F Sample problems - keys 40Figures1

12、 Design criteria 52 Cyclic loading 73 Stress convention showing orbiting element 84 Surface finish factor, ka11.5Sizefactor,kb12.6 Reliability factor, kc12.7 Notch sensitivity - through hardened steel, q 148 Theoretical stress concentration factor in bending for a circular shaft with asquare shoulde

13、r, Kt(nominal stress is calculated at diameter dshe)149 Theoretical stress concentration factor in bending for a circular shaft witha u-notch, Kt(nominal stress is calculated at diameter dshe)15.10 Theoretical stress concentration factor in bending for a circular shaft with aradial hole, Kt(based on

14、 full section without considering hole) 1511 Key nomenclature 18.12 Variation of coefficient of friction versus the bearing parameter 21.13 Fastener grip requirement 22.Tables1 Symbols used in equations 2.2 Modifying factor for stress concentration, kf- typical values for keyways insolid round steel

15、 shafts 13.3 Typical allowable misalignment per bearing type 17.4 Joint stiffness factor, KJ23.ANSI/AGMA 6001-E08 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDiv AGMA 2008 - All rights reservedForewordThe foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, in this document are provided forinformationalpurposesonlyandarenottobeco

16、nstruedasapartofANSI/AGMAStandard6001-E08, Design and Selection of Components for Enclosed Gear Drives.AGMA260.02wasapprovedbytheAGMAmembershiponFebruary1,1973,andissuedinJanuaryof1974. Itconsolidatedwithminorrevision,informationcontainedinthefollowingsuperseded AGMA Standards:AGMA 255.02 (November

17、1964), Bolting (Allowable Tensile Stress) for Gear Drives;AGMA 260.01 (March 1953), Shafting - Allowable Torsional and Bending Stresses;AGMA 260.02, also incorporated allowable stresses for keys;AGMA 265.01, Bearings - Allowable Loads and Speeds.The purpose of ANSI/AGMA 6001-C88, as a replacement fo

18、r AGMA 260.02, was toestablishacommonbaseforthedesignandselectionofcomponentsforthedifferenttypesof commercial and industrial gear drives.ANSI/AGMA6001-C88wasexpandedtoincludeageneralizedshaftstressequationwhichincluded hollow shafting, miscellaneous components, housings, and keyway stresscalculatio

19、ns. All design considerations were revised to allow for 200 percentpeak load forhelical, spiral bevel, spur and herringbone gearing, and 300 percent peak load forwormgearing. Thebearingsectionwasupdatedtoincludeconsiderationoflifeadjustmentfactors, bearing lives other than 5000 hours and reliability

20、 levels other than L10.DuringthepreparationofANSI/AGMA6001-C88,aconsiderableamountoftimewasspentontheshaftdesignsectioninanefforttoincludethemostrecenttheoriesonshaftstressesand material characteristics. The standard included the existing practice for shaft design,and for reference purposes, appendi

21、x C included a description of, and excerpts from,ANSI/ASME B106.1M, Design of Transmission Shafting, published in 1985.ANSI/AGMA 6001-C88 was approved by the membership in May, 1988 and approved asan American National Standard on June 24, 1988.ANSI/AGMA6001-D97wasexpandedtoincludemorerecenttheorieso

22、nshaftdesignandanalysis. Also, equations for shaft deformation were added. ANSI/AGMA 6001-D97 wasapproved by the membership in October, 1996 and approved as an American NationalStandard on August 7, 1997.ANSI/AGMA6001-E08wasupdatedasrequiredbyANSIpractices. Intheprocessseveralimprovements and simpli

23、fications were included. Minimum material requirements wereadded for shaft material and the shaft deflection clause was moved to an annex. Also, theclauses on keys and fasteners were revised to reflect current practices with higherallowable stresses in some cases.ThefirstdraftofANSI/AGMA6001-E08wasm

24、adeinAugust,2002. ItwasapprovedbytheAGMA membership in September, 2008. It was approved as an American NationalStandard on December 19, 2008.Suggestionsforimprovementofthisstandardwillbewelcome. TheyshouldbesenttotheAmericanGearManufacturersAssociation,500MontgomeryStreet,Suite350,Alexandria,Virgini

25、a 22314.ANSI/AGMA 6001-E08AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDv AGMA 2008 - All rights reservedPERSONNEL of the AGMA Industrial Enclosed Drive CommitteeChairman: Richard W. Holzman Innovative Gearing Solutions, LLCVice Chairman: Gary A. DeLange Philadelphia Gear CorporationACTIVE MEMBERSD.L. Borden D.L. Borde

26、n, IncC. Burriss Amarillo Gear Company.R.L. Cragg Steward Machine Company, Inc.R. Olson Rexnord Industries, LLCT. Praneis Cotta Transmission Company, LLC.M. Shows Lufkin Industries, IncANSI/AGMA 6001-E08 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDvi AGMA 2008 - All rights reserved(This page is intentionally blank)1

27、AGMA 2008 - All rights reservedANSI/AGMA 6001-E08AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATIONAmerican National Standard -Design and Selection ofComponents forEnclosed Gear Drives1 ScopeThis standard provides an acceptable practice forthedesignandselectionofcomponentsforenclosedgear drives. Fundamental eq

28、uations provide forthepropersizingofshafts,keys,andfastenersbasedonstated allowable stresses. Other components arediscussed in a manner to provide an awareness oftheir function or specific requirements. This stan-dardappliestothefollowingtypesofcommercialandindustrial enclosed gear drives, individua

29、lly or incombination: spur, helical, herringbone, bevel andworm.1.1 ExceptionsThe equations in this standard are not applicablewhen gear drives are subjected to vibratory condi-tions where there may be unpredictable fatiguefailure.The procedure for design or selection of thespecificgear components i

30、s varied and complex and isbeyond the scope of this standard. Designers mustrefer to the specific rating or enclosed drivestandards for this aspect of drive design.1.2 Intended useThe equations and values presented provide ageneral approach to design. Deviations from themethods and values stated in

31、this standard may bemade when justified by experience, testing, or morespecific analysis. It is intended for use byexperienced gear designers capable of selectingreasonable values based on their knowledge of theperformanceofsimilardesignsandtheeffectofsuchitemsaslubrication,deflection,manufacturingt

32、oler-ances, metallurgy, residual stresses, and systemdynamics. It is not intended for use by theengineering public at large.2 Normative referencesThe following standards contain provisions which,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsofthis American National Standard. At the time ofpublicati

33、on, the editions indicated were valid. Allstandards are subject to revision, and parties toagreements based on this American National Stan-dard are encouraged to investigate the possibility ofapplying the most recent editions of the standardsindicated below.ANSI B17.1, Keys and KeyseatsANSI B17.2, W

34、oodruff Keys and KeyseatsANSI/AGMA 1012-G05, Gear Nomenclature,Definitions of Terms with SymbolsANSI/AGMA 2001-D04, Fundamental RatingFactors and Calculation Methods for Involute Spurand Helical Gear TeethANSI/AGMAISO6336-6-A08,CalculationofLoadCapacity of Spur and Helical Gears - Part 6:Calculation

35、 of Service Life Under Variable LoadANSI/AGMA 9002-B04, Bores and Keyways forFlexible Couplings (Inch Series)3 Definitions and symbolsThe symbols and definitions used in this standardmaydifferfromthoseinotherAGMAstandards.Theusershouldnotassumethatfamiliarsymbolscanbeused without a careful study of

36、the applicablesection(s) and equation(s).3.1 DefinitionsThetermsused,whereverapplicable,conformtothefollowing standard:ANSI/AGMA 1012-G05, Gear Nomenclature,Definitions of Terms with SymbolsANSI/AGMA 6001-E08 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD2 AGMA 2008 - All rights reserved3.2 SymbolsThe symbols used in t

37、his standard are shown intable 1.NOTE: The symbols and terms contained in thisdocument may vary from those used in other AGMAstandards. Users of this standardshouldassurethem-selves that they are using these symbols and terms inthe manner indicated herein.Table 1 - Symbols used in equationsSymbol Te

38、rm UnitsFirstreferencedA Coefficient - - Fig 4AcMinimum compressive area of key in shaft or hub in2Eq 49AsShear area in2Eq 50ARFit holding capacity lb Eq 52AtsTensile strength area of fastener in2Eq 60B Coefficient - - Fig 4bkWidth of the key in Eq 41c Coefficient - - Eq 37DfFastener nominal diamete

39、r in Eq 57Dfm Fastener nominal diameter mm Eq 52dheOutside diameter of hub in Eq 55dhiInside diameter of hub in Eq 55dshiShaft inside diameter in Eq 6dsheOutside diameter of the shaft section being analyzed in Eq 6dshoOutside diameter adjacent to the shaft section being analyzed in Fig 8EHModulus of

40、 elasticity for hub material lb/in2Eq 53ESModulus of elasticity for shaft material lb/in2Eq 53FAAllowable tensile load lb Eq 60FMFastener tensile preload lb Eq 57FpPeak load factor - - Eq 5FSfFatigue safety factor - - Eq 1FSpPeak load safety factor - - Eq 2FyaAllowable stress to yield strength facto

41、r - - Eq 5HBBrinell hardness number HBW Eq 30h Radial step in Fig 8hkHeight of the key in Eq 42I Actual or minimum possible interference fit in Eq 53i Number of keys - - Eq 45K Calculation constant for shear stress - - Eq 8KJJoint stiffness factor - - Eq 59KtTheoretical stress concentration factor i

42、n bending - - Eq 38KtcFastener torque coefficient - - Eq 58k Fatigue strength modification factor - - Eq 34kaSurface finish factor - - Eq 35kbSize factor - - Eq 35kcReliability factor - - Eq 35kdTemperature factor - - Eq 35keLife factor - - Eq 35kfModifying factor for stress concentration - - Eq 35k

43、gMiscellaneous effects factor - - Eq 35(continued)ANSI/AGMA 6001-E08AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD3 AGMA 2008 - All rights reservedTable 1 (continued)Symbol Term UnitsFirstreferencedL Length of shaft in Eq 52lgLength of fastener in Clause 9ltrBearing length of the key in Eq 44M Bending moment lb-in Eq 7

44、m Coefficient - - Eq 37N Number of stress cycles - - Eq 37NfoPermissible number of momentary peak load cycles - - Eq 39nfFastener thread pitch in Eq 57PHPressure at common shaft/hub interference lb/in2Eq 52PxAxial force lb Eq 10q Notch sensitivity - - Eq 38R Reliability (survival rate) - - Eq 36Ra S

45、urface finish min Fig 4ReTensile yield strength of the material lb/in2Eq 46r Notch radius, fillet radius, hole radius in Fig 7T Torque lb-in Eq 6TaAllowable torque based on the lesser of TCand Tslb-in 6.8TCAllowable torque based on allowable compressive stress lb-in Eq 49TfFastener torque lb-in Eq 5

46、8TRTorque transmitted due to interference fit lb-in Eq 50TsAllowable torque based on allowable shear stress lb-in Eq 49tkShaft keyway depth in Eq 42V Transverse shear force lb Eq 8 Angular position of shaft element radians Fig 3cCritical stress angle radians Eq 28m Coefficient of friction - - Eq 52H

47、Poissons ratio for hub material - - Eq 53SPoissons ratio for shaft material - - Eq 9aAlternating component of stress lb/in2Eq 12axAlternating axial normal stress lb/in2Eq 13ayAlternating radial normal stress lb/in2Eq 13azAlternating tangential normal stress lb/in2Eq 13bAxial normal stress due to ben

48、ding lb/in2Eq 7efat 106stress cycles lb/in2Eq 37fModified fatigue strength (endurance limit) lb/in2Eq 3faAllowable fastener tensile stress lb/in2Eq 59feBasic fatigue strength (endurance limit) of polished, unnotchedtest specimen in reverse bendinglb/in2Eq 32MFastener preload tensile stress lb/in2Eq

49、56mMean component of stress lb/in2Eq 11maxMaximum stress lb/in2Fig 2minMinimum stress lb/in2Fig 2mxMean axial normal stress lb/in2Eq 14myMean radial normal stress lb/in2Eq 14(continued)ANSI/AGMA 6001-E08 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD4 AGMA 2008 - All rights reservedTable 1 (concluded)Symbol Term UnitsFirstreferencedmzMean tangential normal stress lb/in2Eq 14pAxial normal stress due to tension or compression lb/in2Eq 10scAl