AHRI 700-2016 Specifications for Refrigerants.pdf

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1、 2016 Standard for Specifications for Refrigerants AHRI Standard 700 Note: This standard supersedes AHRI Standard 700-2015 with Addendum 1. AHRI CERTIFICATION PROGRAM PROVISIONS Scope of the Certification Programs The Reclaimed Refrigerant and Refrigerant Testing Laboratory Certification Programs ar

2、e based on this standard. The Reclaimed Refrigerant Certification Program includes purity specifications for reclaimed refrigerants. The Refrigerant Testing Laboratory Certification Program includes verification for refrigerant testing laboratories that perform testing of refrigerants to AHRI Standa

3、rd 700. Certified Ratings The following ratings are verified by test for the Reclaimed Refrigerant Certification Program: a. Water (ppm by weight)b. Chloride (pass/fail)c. Acidity (ppm by weight)d. High boiling residue (% by volume or % by weight)e. Particulates/solids (pass/fail)f. Air and other no

4、n-condensables (% by volume)g. All other volatile impurities (% by weight)h. Halogenated unsaturated volatile impurities (ppm by weight)The following contaminants are verified by test for the Refrigerant Testing Laboratory Certification Program: a. Water (ppm by weight)b. High boiling residue (% by

5、volume or % by weight)c. Air and other non-condensables (% by volume)d. All other volatile impurities (% by weight)IMPORTANT SAFETY DISCLAIMER AHRI does not set safety standards and does not certify or guarantee the safety of any products, components or systems designed, tested, rated, installed or

6、operated in accordance with this standard/guideline. It is strongly recommended that products be designed, constructed, assembled, installed and operated in accordance with nationally recognized safety standards and code requirements appropriate for products covered by this standard/guideline. AHRI

7、uses its best efforts to develop standards/guidelines employing state-of-the-art and accepted industry practices. AHRI does not certify or guarantee that any tests conducted under its standards/guidelines will be non-hazardous or free from risk. Price $10.00 (M) $20.00 (NM) Printed in U.S.A. Copyrig

8、ht 2016, by Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute Registered United States Patent and Trademark Office TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE Section 1. Purpose . 1 Section 2. Scope 1 Section 3. Definitions 1 Section 4. Characterization of Refrigerants and Contaminants . 2 Section 5. Sampli

9、ng and Summary of Test Procedures 2 Section 6. Reporting Procedure . 5 Section 7. Conformance Conditions 6 TABLES Table 1A. Single Component Fluorocarbon Refrigerants and their Allowable Levels of Contaminants . 7 Table 1B. Single Component Hydrocarbon Refrigerants and their Allowable Levels of Cont

10、aminants . 10 Table 1C. Carbon Dioxide Refrigerant and its Allowable Levels of Contaminants . 11 Table 2A. Zeotropic Blends (400 Series Refrigerants) and their Allowable Levels of Contaminants 12 Table 2B. Hydrocarbon Blends (400 R-12; R-13; R-22; R-23; R-32; R-113; R-114; R-115; R-116; R-123; R-124

11、; R-125; R-134a; R-141b; R-142b; R-143a; R-152a; R-218; R-227ea; R-236fa; R-245fa; R-1233zd(E); R-1234yf; R-1234ze(E); and R-1336mzz(Z). 2.1.2 Single Component Hydrocarbon Refrigerants: R-50; R-170; R-E170; R-290; R-600; R-600a; R-601; R-601a; R-610; R-1150; and R-1270. 2.1.3 Carbon Dioxide Refriger

12、ant: R-744. 2.1.4 Zeotropic Blend Refrigerants: R-401A; R-401B; R-402A; R-402B; R-403A; R-403B; R-404A; R-405A; R-406A; R-407A; R-407B; R-407C; R-407D; R-407E; R-407F; R-407G; R-408A; R-409A; R-409B; R-410A; R-410B; R-411A; R-411B; R-412A; R-413A; R-414A; R-414B; R-415A; R-415B; R-416A; R-417A; R-41

13、7B; R-417C; R-418A; R-419A; R-419B; R-420A; R-421A; R-421B; R-422A; R-422B; R-422C; R-422D; R-422E; R-423A; R-424A; R-425A; R-426A; R-427A; R-428A; R-429A; 430A; R-431A; R-434A; R-435A; R-437A; R-438A; R-439A; R-440A; R-442A; R-444A; R-444B; R-445A; R-446A; R-447A; R-448A; R-449A; R-449B; R-450A; R-

14、451A; R-451B; R-452A; R-453A; R-454A; R-454B; and R-455A. 2.1.5 Zeotropic Hydrocarbon Blend Refrigerants: R-432A; R-433A; R-433B; R-433C; R-436A; R-436B; R-441A; and R-443A. 2.1.6 Azeotropic Blend Refrigerants: R-500; R-502; R-503; R-507A; R-508A; R-508B; R-509A; R-510A; R-511A; R-512A; and R-513A.

15、Section 3. Definitions All terms in this document will follow the standard industry definitions in the ASHRAE Terminology website (https:/www.ashrae.org/resources-publications/free-resources/ashrae-terminology) unless otherwise defined in this section. 3.1 “Shall” or “Should”. “Shall” or “should” sh

16、all be interpreted as follows: 3.1.1 Shall. Where “shall” or “shall not” is used for a provision specified, that provision is mandatory if compliance with the standard is claimed. AHRI STANDARD 700-2016 2 3.1.2 Should. “Should” is used to indicate provisions which are not mandatory but which are des

17、irable as good practice. Section 4. Characterization of Refrigerants and Contaminants 4.1 Characterization. Characterization of single component fluorocarbon (Table 1A) and zeotropic/azeotropic blend (Table 2A/3) refrigerants and contaminants are listed in the following general classifications: 4.1.

18、1 Isomer content (see Table 1A) 4.1.2 Air and other non-condensables (see Tables 1A, 2A, 3) 4.1.3 Water (see Tables 1A, 2A, 3) 4.1.4 All other volatile impurities (see Tables 1A, 2A, 3) 4.1.5 High boiling residue (see Tables 1A, 2A, 3) 4.1.6 Halogenated unsaturated volatile impurities (see Table 1A)

19、 4.1.7 Particulates/solids (see Tables 1A, 2A, 3) 4.1.8 Acidity (see Tables 1A, 2A, 3) 4.1.9 Chloride (see Tables 1A, 2A, 3) 4.2 Hydrocarbon Characterization. Characterization of hydrocarbon refrigerants (Tables 1B and 2B) and contaminants are listed in the following general classifications: 4.2.1 N

20、ominal composition 4.2.2 Other allowable impurities 4.2.3 Air and other non-condensables 4.2.4 Sulfur odor 4.2.5 High boiling residue 4.2.6 Particulates/solids 4.2.7 Acidity 4.2.8 Water 4.2.9 All other volatile impurities 4.2.10 Total C3, C4 and C5 polyolefins 4.3 Carbon Dioxide Characterization. Ch

21、aracterization of carbon dioxide (Table 1C) and its contaminants are listed in the following general classifications: 4.3.1 Purity 4.3.2 Air and other non-condensables 4.3.3 Water 4.3.4 High boiling residue 4.3.5 Particulates/solids Section 5. Sampling and Summary of Test Procedures 5.1 Referee Test

22、. The referee test methods for the various contaminants are summarized in the following paragraphs. Detailed test procedures are included in Appendix C to AHRI Standard 700. If alternative test methods are employed, the user shall be able to demonstrate that they produce results at least equivalent

23、to the specified referee test method. 5.2 Refrigerant Sampling. 5.2.1 Sampling Precautions. Special precautions should be taken to ensure that representative samples are obtained for analysis. Sampling shall be done by qualified personnel following accepted sampling and safety procedures. Refrigeran

24、ts with critical temperatures near or below ambient temperature cannot be reliably sampled for both liquid and vapor phase without special handling. Note: Flammable refrigerants which are ASHRAE 34 Class 2L, 2 or 3 present additional safety challenges and require additional measures for sampling saf

25、ety procedures compared to nonflammable halocarbons documented in this standard. AHRI STANDARD 700-2016 3 5.2.2 Cylinder Preparation. Place a clean, empty sample cylinder with the valve open in an oven at 110C for one hour. Remove it from the oven while hot, immediately connect it to an evacuation s

26、ystem and evacuate it to less than 56 kPa. Close the valve and allow it to cool. Weigh the empty cylinder. 5.2.3 Vapor Phase Sampling. A vapor phase sample shall be obtained for determining the non-condensables. The source temperature shall be measured and recorded at the time the sample is taken. 5

27、.2.3.1 Special Handling for Low Critical Temperature Refrigerant. A vapor phase sample is required to determine non-condensables and volatile impurities, including other refrigerants. The vapor phase sample is obtained by regulating the sample container temperature to 5 K or more above the refrigera

28、nt critical temperature. 5.2.3.2 Handling for Liquid Refrigerants with Boiling Points Near or Above Room Temperature. Since R-11, R-113, R-123, R-141b, R-245fa, and R-1233zd(E) have normal boiling points near or above room temperature, non-condensable determination is not required for these refriger

29、ants. Note: Non-condensable gases, if present, will concentrate in the vapor phase of the refrigerant; care must be exercised to eliminate introduction of either air or liquid phase refrigerant during the sample transfer. 5.2.4 Liquid Phase Sampling. A liquid phase sample is required for all tests l

30、isted in this standard except the test for non-condensables. 5.2.4.1 Liquid Sampling. Accurate analysis requires that the sample cylinder, at ambient temperature, be filled to at least 60% by volume; however, under no circumstances should the cylinder be filled to more than 80% by volume. This can b

31、e accomplished by weighing the empty cylinder and then the cylinder with refrigerant. When the desired amount of refrigerant has been collected, close the valve(s) and immediately disconnect the sample cylinder. Note: Care should be taken to ensure that all connections and transfer lines are dry and

32、 evacuated to avoid contaminating the sample. Note: Low critical temperature refrigerants can have extremely high pressure and the sampling vessel, all connections and transfer lines must be designed to handle high pressures. 5.2.4.2 Special Handling for Low Critical Temperature Refrigerant. A liqui

33、d phase sample is required for all testing except volatile impurities, including other refrigerants. The liquid phase sample is obtained by regulating the sample cylinder temperature to 2C below the critical temperature of the refrigerant. Note: If free water is present in the sample, cooling to bel

34、ow 0C may result in the formation of ice. Clathrates may form at temperatures above 0C with some fluorocarbon refrigerants. 5.2.4.3 Record Weight. Check the sample cylinder for leaks and record the gross weight. 5.3 Refrigerant Identification. The required method shall be gas chromatography as descr

35、ibed in Appendix C with the corresponding gas chromatogram figures as illustrated in Informative Appendix D to AHRI Standard 700. The chromatogram of the sample shall be compared to known standards. 5.4 Water Content. 5.4.1 Method. The Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration, as described in Appendix C,

36、shall be used for determining the water content of refrigerants. This method can be used for refrigerants that are either a liquid or a gas at room temperature. For all refrigerants, the sample for water analysis shall be taken from the liquid phase of the container to be tested. 5.4.2 Limits. The v

37、alue for water content shall be expressed in parts per million (ppm) by weight and shall not exceed the maximum specified in Tables 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B and 3. 5.5 Conductivity. (Alternative to chloride and acidity tests). AHRI STANDARD 700-2016 4 5.5.1 Method. A refrigerant may be tested for conducti

38、vity as an indication of the presence of acids, metal chlorides, and any compound that ionizes in water. This alternative procedure is intended for use with new or reclaimed refrigerants, however, significant amounts of oil can interfere with the test results. 5.5.2 Limits. The value for conductivit

39、y shall be converted to and expressed in ppm by weight calculated as HCl and shall be compared with the maximum acidity value specified (see in Tables 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, and 3). If the conductivity is above this amount, then the chloride and acidity tests shall be conducted. If the conductivity is

40、not greater than this amount, then the chloride and acidity tests may be omitted. 5.6 Chloride. 5.6.1 Method. The refrigerant shall be tested for chloride as an indication of the presence of hydrochloric acid and/or metal chlorides. The referee procedure is intended for use with new or reclaimed hal

41、ogenated refrigerants; however, high boiling residue in excess of the amounts in Tables 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B and 3 can interfere with the test results. The test method shall be that described in Appendix C to AHRI Standard 700. The test will show noticeable turbidity at chloride levels of about 3 ppm

42、or greater by weight. 5.6.2 Limits. The results of the test shall not exhibit any sign of turbidity. Report the results as “pass” or “fail.” 5.7 Acidity. 5.7.1 Method. The acidity test uses the titration principle to detect any compound that is soluble in water and ionizes as an acid. The test metho

43、d shall be that described in Appendix C to AHRI Standard 700. This test may not be suitable for determination of high molecular weight organic acids; however, these acids will be found in the high boiling residue test outlined in Section 5.8. The test requires a 50 to 60 gram sample and has a detect

44、ion limit of 0.1 ppm by weight calculated as HCl. 5.7.2 Limits. The value for acidity shall be expressed in ppm by weight as HCl and shall not exceed the limits in Tables 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B and 3. 5.8 High Boiling Residue. 5.8.1 Method. High boiling residue shall be determined by either volume or weight

45、. The volume method measures the residue from a standard volume of refrigerant after evaporation. The gravimetric method is described in Appendix C to AHRI Standard 700. Oils and/or organic acids will be captured by these methods. 5.8.2 Limits. The value for high boiling residue shall be expressed a

46、s a percentage by volume or weight and shall not exceed the maximum percent specified in Tables 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B and 3. 5.9 Particulates and Solids. 5.9.1 Method. A measured amount of sample shall be placed in a Goetz bulb under controlled temperature conditions. The particulates/solids shall be d

47、etermined by visual examination of the Goetz bulb prior to the evaporation of refrigerant. For details of this test method, refer to Part 3 of Appendix C to AHRI Standard 700. Note: R-744 will partially sublimate when measuring a known amount of liquid sample into the Goetz bulb and the solid R-744

48、will interfere with the visual examination of particulates/solids. Determining the particulates/solids shall be completed by visual examination of the Goetz bulb after the evaporation of the refrigerant. 5.9.2 Limits. Visual presence of dirt, rust or other particulate contamination is reported as “f

49、ail.” 5.10 Non-condensables. 5.10.1 Method. A vapor phase sample shall be used for determination of non-condensables. Non-condensable gases consist primarily of air accumulated in the vapor phase of refrigerants where the solubility of air in the refrigerant liquid phase is extremely low and air is not significant as a liquid phase contaminant. The presence of non-condensable gases may reflect poor quality control in transferring refrigerants to storage tanks and cylinders. AHRI STANDARD 700-2016 5 The test method shall be gas chromatography with a thermal conductivity detector