AECMA PREN 2536-1992 Aerospace Series Hard Anodizing of Aluminium Alloys Edition 1《航空航天系列铝合金硬阳化处理.第1版》.pdf

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1、CEN PRENs253b 92 W 3404589 0039895 T3T W Approved by COMITE DE NORMALISATION Of A.E.C.M.A. 1992-12-31 A. E.C. M.A. STAN DARD NORME A.E.C.M.A. A.E.C.M.A. NORM The equivalent versions in French and German languages can be supplied by 8.N.A.E . Technopolis 54 - 199, rue Jean-Jacques Rousseau 92138 ISSY

2、 LES MOULINEAUX CEDEX - FRANCE prEN 2536 Edition 1 December 1992 EDITE PAR LASSOCIATION EUROPEENNE DES CONSTRUCTEURS DE MATERIEL AEROSPATIAL- Technopolis - 175. rue Jean-Jacques Rousseau - F-92138 Issy-les-Moulineaux Cdex - Tl. (1) 47.36.98.76 UDC : Key words : ENGLISH VERSION Aerospace series Hard

3、anodizing of aluminium alloys Srie arospatiale Anodisation dure des alliages daluminium Luft- und Raumfahrt Hartanodisieren von Aluminiumlegierungen This .Aerospace series4 standard has been drawn up under the responsibility of AECMA (Association Europenne des Constructeurs de Matriel Arospatial). I

4、t is published on yellow paper in three equivalent versions (English, French. German). It will be submitted as a draft European Standard to CEN (European Committee for Standardization) for final vote. Copyright Association Europeene des Constructeurs de Materiel Aerospatial Provided by IHS under lic

5、ense with AECMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CEN PRENS253b 92 m 3404589 0039896 976 m prEN 2535 Page 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Contents I Scope and field of application Purpose of process Influence and limitations of process use Ref

6、erences Definitions Classification Information for the processor Condition of paris prior io processing Process schedule Machining after anodizing Removal of the anodic coating Required characteristics Testing Quality assurance Health, safety and environmental aspects Designation Copyright Associati

7、on Europeene des Constructeurs de Materiel Aerospatial Provided by IHS under license with AECMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-(EN PRENx2536 92 3404589 0039897 802 W prEN 2536 Page 3 1 Scope and field of application This standard specifies the hard

8、anodizing of aluminium alloys used in aerospace construction. It shall be applicable whenever referenced. 2 Purpose of process To improve : - the resistance to abrasive and erosive wear, - the electrical insulation, - the thermal insulation. To use the dimensional increase produced by the process fo

9、r repair of parts out of tolerance on machining or worn in service (special case). 3 Influence and limitations of process use The anodizing produces an increase : - of the dimensions by about 50 % of the coating thickness, - of the surface roughness (factor of 1,3 to 3,0, if expressed in Ra). Anodiz

10、ing results in a reduction of the fatigue strength which may reach 60 %. Shot peening before anodizing reduces the extent of this reduction. The best results as regards the properties of the anodized layer are obtained on machined surfaces ; no grinding before anodizing. Round off sharp comers. Not

11、recommended for use on parts or items where there is a risk of retention of corrosive substances. Avoid anodizing both faces on areas with a thickness I; 2 mm. The thickness of the anodized layer is in general : - 30 prn to 120 prn for alloys of category 1, - 30 pm to 60 pm for alloys of categoiy 2.

12、 Restrict thickness to 25 pm on the splines and threads. 4 References IS0 1463 Metallic and oxide coatings - Measurement of coating thickness - Microscopical method IS0 2106 . Anodizing of aluminium and is, alloys - Determination of mass per unit area (surface density) of anodic oxide coatings - Gra

13、vimetric method Copyright Association Europeene des Constructeurs de Materiel Aerospatial Provided by IHS under license with AECMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CEN PRENt253b 92 3404589 0039898 749 = PrEN 2536 Page 4 IS0 2360 IS0 2376 IS0 2859-1 IS

14、0 451 6 IS0 9227 EN 2000 EN 2101 EN 2284 EN 2334 i Non-conductive coatings on non-magnetic basis metals - Measurement of coating thickness - Eddy current method Anodization (anodic oxidation) of aluminium and its alloys - Insulation check by measurement of breakdown potential Sampling procedures for

15、 inspection by attributes - Part 1 : sampling plans indexed by acceptable quality level (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection Metallic and related coatings - Vickers and Knoop microhardness tests Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres - Salt spray tests Aerospace series - Quality assurance - EN aerospa

16、ce products - Approval of the quality system of manufacturers Aerospace series - Chromic acid anodizing of aluminium and wrought aluminium alloys Aerospace series - Sulphuric acid anodizing of aluminium and wrought aluminium alloys Aerospace series - Acid chromate pickling of aluminium alloys ( FED

17、STD 141C, Method 6192-1 : Abrasion resistance (TABER abraser) *) 5 Definitions 5.1 treated at the same time in the same bath. Batch : unless otherwise specified, it comprises parts of the same nature (form, size, material), 5.2 Pre-production parts : parts representing future production. 6 Classific

18、ation 6.1 Types of anodizing 6.1.1 improve essentially the corrosion resistance. 6.1.2 corrosion resistance. Type A : unsealed hard anodizing. It provides the maximum wear resistance but does not Type B : sealed hard anodizing. It gives a good compromise between wear resistance and( In preparation a

19、t the date of publication of this standard. OC 20301, USA. 2, This standard is published by : Department of Defense (DODI, the Pentagon, Washington Copyright Association Europeene des Constructeurs de Materiel Aerospatial Provided by IHS under license with AECMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or netwo

20、rking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CEN PRENx253b 92 = 3404589 0039899 b85 PrEN 2536 Page 5 6.2 Categories of alloys 6.2.1 Category 1 Alloys containing less than 1 O16 of copper. 6.2.2 Category 2 Alloys containing between 1 % and 5 % of copper. 7 Information for the processor In addition to

21、 the designation, the following infomation shall be given : - the number of the substrate standard and the metallurgical condition of the substrate, - areas to be processed, - position of elecrical contad points or alternatively areas where they are forbidden. The boundary between the masked and pro

22、cessed areas shall be, if possible, in an area of a geometry change. 8 The final heat treatment shall be camed out. Condition of parts prior to processing 9 Process schedule Unless otherwise specified, the sequence of operations is as follows : - masking and mounting of the parts, - cleaning, - pick

23、ling, - anodizing, - sealing, if necessary. Information concerning the individual operations is given below : 9.1 Masking may be carried out using : Masking and mounting of the parts - special varnishes or waxes easily removable by solvents, - plugs in suitable material, - chromic acid anodizing (EN

24、 2101) or sulphunc acid anodizing (EN 2284), sealed and completed with wax or varnish. Generally, the anodizing is camed out over the whole surface of the part and the area intended for hard anodizing is machined to remove the masking anodic coating. The supporting jigs shall be in aluminium alloy o

25、r titanium. They shall make effective electrical contad with the paits. Copyright Association Europeene des Constructeurs de Materiel Aerospatial Provided by IHS under license with AECMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CEN PRENt253b 92 = 3404589 0039

26、900 127 m PEN 2536 Page 6 9.2 Cleaning Solvent degreasing with allowed products, followed by alkaline cleaning is in general sufficient (see EN 2101, annex A). 9.3 Pickling Pickling operations are forbidden on parts masked by sealed anodizing without wax or varnish. The pickling shall remove the nat

27、ural oxides or other contamination not eliminated by the cleaning without altering the specified characteristics. As a general rule, the pickling is done in a sulphunc-chromic bath according to EN 2334. In exceptional cases, for certain alloys in category 2, alkaline pickling may be used (see EN 210

28、1, annex A). 9.4 Anodizing 9.4.1 Electrolyte Aqueous sulphunc acid solution with or without additional elements. The concentration shall not vary by more than i 1 O % from the values specified by the processor. ( The chloride content shall be less than 200 mgIl, expressed as NaCI. The aluminium cont

29、ent shall be less than 25 gltfor the limits of concentration chosen. The water shall have a conductivity of s 1 mSlm (measured at the source of the supply). 9.4.2 Anodizing parameters The anodizing parameters (temperature, voltage, time) shall be suitable for the alloy and the composition of the bat

30、h. The treatment temperature may vary from - 20 OC to + 15 OC, depending on the process. The control systems shalt make it possible to ensure in a strongly and uniformly agitated bath, a tolerance of f 2 OC. ( The current used can be : - direct, - direct with superimposed alternating, - alternating,

31、 - pulsed. 9.5 Sealing When this operation is specified. it shall be camed out in water, without or with inhibitors under the following conditions : Copyright Association Europeene des Constructeurs de Materiel Aerospatial Provided by IHS under license with AECMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or netw

32、orking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CEN PREN+253b 92 = 3404589 0039901i Ob3 W PEN 2538 Page 7 9.5.1 Without inhibitor On making up the bath the conductivity of the water shall be less than 1 mS/m with a pH between 5.5 and 7,s (measured at the source of the supply). Sealing shall be camed o

33、ut at a minimum temperature of 97 “C for at least 10 min. The bath shall be renewed when the condudivity is greater than 10 mSlm. 9.5.2 With inhibitors An inhibitor (e.g. potassium dichromate) shall be added to water with a condudivity 1 mS/m. The sealing shall be camed out at a minimum temperature

34、of 97 “C for at least 10 min. The pH shall be maintained between 5.5 and 6.9. The concentration of inhibitor shall be established and maintained within limits ensuring the quality defined by this standard. 10 Machining after anodizing If, for certain applications, grinding or honing is necessary, th

35、e thickness shall be chosen to take account of it. This shall be indicated in the design documents. 11 Removal of the anodic coating The treatment used shall allow to obtain a surface roughness equal to that obtained after normal surface preparation. If necessary, mechanical reworking may be canied

36、out afler the purchasers agreement. 12 Required characteristics 12.1 - Appearance Acceptable defects : - crazing (checking of micro cracks on the surface), - showing up to the grain flow, - fissures and cavities on the microscopic scale within the anodic coating, Not acceptable defects : - irregular

37、ity of colouring on the same part, - blistering, - flaking, - burning, - pitting. Copyright Association Europeene des Constructeurs de Materiel Aerospatial Provided by IHS under license with AECMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CEN PREN*2536 92 = 34

38、04589 0039902 TTT W prEN 2536 Page a Thickness of the coating (Pm) + 10 100 i 10 50 -5 12.2 Thickness It shall comply with the requirements of the design documents. 12.3 Microhardness See table 7, unless otherwise specified. Min. microhardness under 50 g load Category 2 (HV) Category 1 350 300 250 T

39、able 1 For other thickness the microhardness value shall be agreed between the purchaser and processor. 12.4 kbrasion resistance, unsealed condition Unless otherwise specified, the max. mass losses measured on test pieces hard anodized to (50 i 5) pm (arithmetic mean of three measurements) undera lo

40、ad of 1000 g and 10 O00 cycles shall be : - category 1 : 20 mg corresponding to a removal of 33 pm, - category 2 : 40 mg corresponding to a removal of 7.0 prn. 12.5 Eiectrical insulation Unless otherwise specified, the min. value of the insulation breakdown voltage measured on test pieces hard anodi

41、zed io (50 i 5) pm (arithmetic mean of ten measurements) shall be : - category1 : 1200 v, - category2: 800 V. Higher values may be required when the purpose of the anodizing is that of electrical insulation. 12.6 Corrosion resistance of the sealed coating ( After 336 h min. exposure to salt spray th

42、e test pieces hard anodized to (50 f 5) pm shall not show corrosion pitting, except possibly at the electrical contact points. Copyright Association Europeene des Constructeurs de Materiel Aerospatial Provided by IHS under license with AECMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted witho

43、ut license from IHS-,-,-CEN PREN*253b 92 m 3404589 0039903 93b m prEN 2536 Page 9 13 Testing 13.1 For process approval 13.1.1 Appearance Visual inspection with the naked eye. 13.1.2 Thickness In conformity with IS0 1463 or IS0 2360 or dimensional measurement on the part. 13.1.3 Microhardness In conf

44、ormity with IS0 4516. 13.1.4 Abrasion resistance, unsealed condition In conformity with FED STD 141C. Method 6192-1. 13.1.5 Electrical insulation In conformity with IS0 2376. 13.1.6 In conformity with IS0 9227. 13.2 For acceptance of parts 13.2.1 Appearance See 13.1.1. 13.2.2 Thickness See 13.1.2. 1

45、3.2.3 Other tests Other tests (see 13.1) may be camed oui by agreement between the purchaser and processor. Corrosion resistance of !he sealed coating 14 Quality assurance 14.1 Approval of the processor See EN 2000. Copyright Association Europeene des Constructeurs de Materiel Aerospatial Provided b

46、y IHS under license with AECMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CEN PREN*253b 92 = 3V04589 003990Y 72 prEN 2536 Page 10 14.2 Process approval Before beginning production, the processor shall apply the coating on pre-production parts andlor test pieces

47、 as agreed between the purchaser and processor. All the tests required by this present standard (see 13.1) shall be carried out on these coated pre-production parts and/or test pieces, unless othewise agreed between the purchaser and processor. If the test results are satisfactory for the purchaser,

48、 he shall give his written approval to commence production. The process schedule shall not be changed thereafter without the prior agreement of the purchaser. 14.3 Accept an ce During production, the tests may be carried out on parts and/or test pieces coated under the same condition as parts. The v

49、isual inspection (see 13.2.1) shall be performed on the whole batch, unless otheiwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, the measurement of the thickness (voir 13.2.2) shall be performed by sampling in accordance with IS0 2859-1 : - sample size code letter, table 1. special inspection level S 3, - simple sampling plan for tightened inspection, - acceptance quality level (AQL) 13. The frequency and