AASHTO T 99-2018 Standard Method of Test for Moisture CDensity Relations of Soils Using a 2.5-kg (5.5-lb) Rammer and a 305-mm (12-in.) Drop.pdf

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1、Standard Method of Test for MoistureDensity Relations of Soils Using a 2.5-kg (5.5-lb) Rammer and a 305-mm (12-in.) Drop AASHTO Designation: T 99-18 Technical Section: 1b, Geotechnical Exploration, Instrumentation, Stabilization, and Field Testing Release: Group 3 (August) American Association of St

2、ate Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-1b T 99-1 AASHTO Standard Method of Test for MoistureDensity Relations of Soils Using a 2.5-kg (5.5-lb) Rammer and a 305-mm (12-in.) Drop AASHTO Designation: T 99-18 Technical Section: 1b, Geo

3、technical Exploration, Instrumentation, Stabilization, and Field Testing Release: Group 3 (August) 1. SCOPE 1.1. These methods of test are intended for determining the relation between the moisture content and density of soils compacted in a mold of a given size with a 2.5-kg (5.5-lb) rammer dropped

4、 from a height of 305 mm (12 in.). Four alternate procedures are provided as follows: Method AA 101.60-mm (4-in.) mold: Soil material passing a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve (see Sections 4 and 5); Method BA 152.40-mm (6-in.) mold: Soil material passing a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve (see Sections 6 and 7); Method

5、 CA 101.60-mm (4-in.) mold: Soil material passing a 19.0-mm (3/4-in.) sieve (see Sections 8 and 9); or Method DA 152.40-mm (6-in.) mold: Soil material passing a 19.0-mm (3/4-in.) sieve (see Sections 10 and 11). 1.2. The method to be used should be indicated in the specifications for the material bei

6、ng tested. If no method is specified, the provisions of Method A shall govern. 1.3. This test method applies to soil mixtures that have 40 percent or less retained on the 4.75 mm-(No. 4) sieve, when Method A or B is used and 30 percent or less retained on the 19.0-mm (3/4-in.) sieve, when Method C o

7、r D is used. Material retained on these sieves shall be defined as oversized particles (coarse particles). 1.4. If the test specimen contains oversized particles, dry density and moisture corrections must be made in accordance with Annex A1. The person or agency specifying this method may specify a

8、minimum percentage of oversized particles above which a correction must be applied. If no minimum percentage is specified, correction for the oversized particles shall be applied to material containing more than 5 percent by weight of oversized particles. 1.5. If the specified oversized particle max

9、imum percentage is exceeded, other methods of compaction control must be used. Note 1One method for the design and control of the compaction of such soils is to use a test fill to determine the required degree of compaction and a method to obtain that compaction. Then use a method specification to c

10、ontrol the compaction by specifying the type and size of compaction equipment, the lift thickness, and the number of passes. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-1b T 99-2 AASHTO 1.6. The

11、following applies to all specified limits in this standard: For the purposes of determining conformance with these specifications, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, in acco

12、rdance with ASTM E29. 1.7. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 231, Weighing Devices Used in the Testing of Materials R 76, Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size T 19M/T 19, Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids i

13、n Aggregate T 85, Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate T 217, Determination of Moisture in Soils by Means of Calcium Carbide Gas PressureMoisture Tester T 255, Total Evaporable Moisture Content of Aggregate by Drying T 265, Laboratory Determination of Moisture Content of Soils T 310,

14、In-Place Density and Moisture Content of Soil and SoilAggregate by Nuclear2.2. Methods (Shallow Depth) ASTM Standards: D2168, Standard Test Methods for Calibration of Laboratory Mechanical-R ammer Soil Compactors E11, Standard Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves E29, Standa

15、rd Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications 3. APPARATUS3.1. Mold Assembly (Mold, Collar, and Base Plate)Molds shall be solid-wall, metal cylindersmanufactured with dimensions and capacities shown in Sections 3.1.1, 3.1.2, and Figures 1 and 2.Th

16、ey shall have a detachable collar approximately 60 mm (2.375 in.) in height, to permitpreparation of compacted specimens of soil-water mixtures of the desired height and volume. Themold and collar shall be so constructed that it can be fastened firmly to a detachable base platemade of the same mater

17、ial (Note 2). The base plate shall be plane to 0.005 in. as shown inFigures 1 and 2.Note 2Alternate types of mold assemblies with capacities as stipulated herein may be used,provided the test results are correlated with those of the solid-wall mold on several soil types andthe same moisturedensity r

18、esults are obtained. Records of such correlation shall be maintainedand readily available for inspection, when alternate types of molds are used.3.1.1. Molds having a volume of 0.000943 0.000014 m3(0.0333 0.0005 ft3) shall have an insidediameter of 101.60 0.40 mm (4.000 0.016 in.) and a height of 11

19、6.40 0.50 mm (4.584 0.018 in.) (Figure 1). Determine the mold volume in accordance with the “Calibration of Measure”section of T 19M/T 19 for Unit Mass of Aggregate.3.1.2. Molds having a volume of 0.002124 0.000025 m3(0.07500 0. 0009 ft3) shall have an insidediameter of 152.40 0.70 mm (6.000 0.026 i

20、n.) and a height of 116.40 0.50 mm (4.584 0.018 in.) (Figure 2). Determine mold volume in accordance with the “Calibration of Measure”section of T 19M/T 19 for Unit Mass of Aggregate. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is

21、a violation of applicable law.TS-1b T 99-3 AASHTO Notes: 1. All dimensions shown in millimeters unless otherwise noted. 2. Hanger on the mold portion only cannot extend above the midheight line. 3. Figure 1 is to be used for all compaction molds purchased after the publication of the 21st edition (H

22、M-21). Figure 1Cylindrical Mold and Base Plate (101.6-mm Mold) 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-1b T 99-4 AASHTO Notes: 1. All dimensions shown in millimeters unless otherwise noted. 2

23、. Hanger on the mold portion only cannot extend above the midheight line. 3. Figure 2 is to be used for all compaction molds purchased after the publication of the 21st edition (HM-21). Figure 2Cylindrical Mold and Base Plate (152.4-mm Mold) 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Tran

24、sportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-1b T 99-5 AASHTO Table 1Dimensional Equivalents for Figure 1 mm in. mm in. 3.18 0.64 0.125 0.025 50.80 0.64 2.000 0.025 3.81 0.150 60.33 1.27 2.375 0.050 6.35 1.27 0.250 0.050 101.60 0.41 4.000 0.016 7.62 0.30

25、0 107.95 1.27 4.250 0.050 9.53 0.64 0.375 0.025 114.30 2.54 4.500 0.100 12.70 2.54 0.500 0.100 116.43 0.13 4.584 0.005 17.78 1.27 0.700 0.050 152.40 2.54 6.000 0.100 20.32 0.800 165.10 2.54 6.500 0.100 38.10 2.54 1.500 0.100 172.72 2.54 6.800 0.100 0.000943 0.000009 m30.0333 0.0005 ft3Table 2Dimensi

26、onal Equivalents for Figure 2 mm in. mm in. 3.18 0.64 0.125 0.025 50.80 0.64 2.000 0.025 3.81 0.150 60.33 1.27 2.375 0.050 6.35 1.27 0.250 0.050 116.43 0.13 4.584 0.005 7.62 0.300 152.40 0.66 6.000 0.026 9.53 0.64 0.375 0.025 158.75 1.27 6.250 0.050 12.70 2.54 0.500 0.100 165.10 2.54 6.500 0.100 17.

27、78 1.27 0.700 0.050 172.72 2.54 6.800 0.100 20.32 0.800 203.23 2.54 8.000 0.100 38.10 2.54 1.500 0.100 215.90 2.54 8.500 0.100 0.002124 0.000025 m30.0750 0.0009 ft33.2. Rammer: 3.2.1. Manually OperatedMetal rammer with a mass of 2.495 0.009 kg (5.5 0.02 lb), and having a flat circular face of 50.80-

28、mm (2.000-in.) diameter with a manufacturing tolerance of 0.25 mm (0.01 in.). The in-service diameter of the flat circular face shall be not less than 50.42 mm (1.985 in.). The rammer shall be equipped with a suitable guide-sleeve to control the height of drop to a free fall of 305 2 mm (12.00 0.06

29、in.) above the elevation of the soil. The guide-sleeve shall have at least four vent holes, no smaller than 9.5-mm (3/8-in.) diameter spaced approximately 90 degrees (1.57 rad) apart and approximately 19 mm (3/4in.) from each end; and shall provide sufficient clearance so the free fall of the rammer

30、 shaft and head is unrestricted. 3.2.2. Mechanically OperatedA metal rammer that is equipped with a device to control the height of drop to a free fall of 305 2 mm (12.00 0.06 in.) above the elevation of the soil and uniformly distributes such drops to the soil surface (Note 3). The rammer shall hav

31、e a mass of 2.495 0.009 kg (5.5 0.02 lb), and have a flat circular face of 50.80-mm (2.000-in.) diameter with a manufactured tolerance of 0.25 mm (0.01 in.). The in-service diameter of the flat circular face shall be not less than 50.42 mm (1.985 in.). The mechanical rammer shall be calibrated by AS

32、TM D2168. Note 3It may be impractical to adjust the mechanical apparatus so the free fall is 305 mm (12 in.) each time the rammer is dropped, as with the manually operated rammer. To make the adjustment of free fall, the portion of loose soil to receive the initial blow should be slightly compressed

33、 with the rammer to establish the point of impact from which the 305-mm drop is determined. Subsequent blows on the layer of soil being compacted may all be applied by dropping the rammer from a height of 305 mm above the initial-setting elevation; or, when the mechanical apparatus is designed with

34、a height adjustment for each blow, all subsequent blows should have a rammer free fall of 305 mm measured from the elevation of the soil as compacted 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-1

35、b T 99-6 AASHTO by the previous blow. A more detailed calibration procedure for laboratory mechanical-rammer soil compactors can be found in ASTM D2168. 3.2.3. Rammer FaceThe circular face rammer shall be used, but a sector face may be used as an alternative, provided the report shall indicate type

36、of face used other than the 50.8-mm (2-in.) circular face, and it shall have an area equal to that of the circular face rammer. The in-service area of sector face rammers shall be standardized and yield a surface area within 1.5 percent of the area of the 50.8-mm (2-in.) circular face rammer. 3.3. S

37、ample Extruder (for Solid-Walled Molds Only)A jack, lever, frame, or other device adopted for the purpose of extruding compacted specimens from the mold. 3.4. Balances and ScalesA balance or scale conforming to the requirements of M 231, Class G 5. Also, a balance conforming to the requirements of M

38、 231, Class G 2. Note 4The capacity of the metric balance or scale should be approximately 11.5 kg (25 lb) when used to determine the mass of the 152-mm (6-in.) mold and compacted, moist soil; however, when the 102-mm (4-in.) mold is used, a balance or scale of lesser capacity than 11.5 kg may be us

39、ed, if the sensitivity and readability are 1 g. 3.5. Drying OvenA thermostatically controlled drying oven capable of maintaining a temperature of 110 5C (230 9F) for drying moisture samples. 3.6. StraightedgeA hardened-steel straightedge at least 250 mm (10 in.) in length. It shall have one beveled

40、edge, and at least one longitudinal surface (used for final trimming) shall be plane within 0.250 mm per 250 mm (0.01 in. per 10 in.) (0.1 percent) of length within the portion used for trimming the soil (Note 5). Note 5The beveled edge may be used for final trimming if the edge is true within a tol

41、erance of 0.250 mm per 250 mm (0.1 percent) of length; however, with continued use, the cutting edge may become excessively worn and not suitable for trimming the soil to the level of the mold. The straightedge should not be so flexible that trimming the soil with the cutting edge will cause a conca

42、ve soil surface. 3.7. Sieves19.0-mm (3/4-in.), and 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieves conforming to the requirements of ASTM E11. 3.8. Mixing ToolsMiscellaneous tools such as mixing pan, spoon, trowel, spatula, etc., or a suitable mechanical device for thoroughly mixing the sample of soil with increments of wat

43、er. 3.9. ContainersSuitable containers made of material resistant to corrosion and not subject to change in mass or disintegration on repeated heating and cooling. Containers shall have close-fitting lids to prevent loss of moisture from samples before initial mass determination and to prevent absor

44、ption of moisture from the atmosphere following drying and before final mass determination. One container is needed for each moisture content determination. METHOD A 4. SAMPLE 4.1. Obtain a representative sample. This sample must be large enough that when the oversized (retained on the 4.75-mm No. 4

45、 sieve) particles are removed 3 kg (7 lb) or more of the sample remains. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-1b T 99-7 AASHTO 4.2. Dry the sample until it becomes friable under a trowel.

46、Drying may be in air or by use of a drying apparatus that is maintained at a temperature not exceeding 60C (140F). Thoroughly break up the aggregations in such a manner as to avoid reducing the natural size of individual particles. 4.3. Sieve the soil over the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. When the sample

47、has oversized particles, particles retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve, refer to the Annex A1. 4.4. Reduce the sample, to a mass of 3 kg (7 lb) or more in accordance with R 76. 5. PROCEDURE 5.1. Determine the mass of the mold and base plate to the nearest 1 g (0.005 lb). 5.2. Thoroughly mix the se

48、lected representative sample with sufficient water to dampen it to approximately four to eight percentage points below optimum moisture content. Note 6When developing a compaction curve for free-draining soils, such as uniform sands and gravels, where seepage occurs at the bottom of the mold and bas

49、e plate, taking a representative moisture content sample from the mixing bowl may be preferred to determine the amount of moisture available for compaction. 5.3. Form a specimen by compacting the prepared soil in the 101.60-mm (4-in.) mold assembly (in three approximately equal layers to give a total compacted de