AASHTO LRFDLTS-2015 Interim Revisions to the LRFD Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs Luminaires and Traffic Signals (First Edition 2017 Interim Revision).pdf

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1、 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street, NW Suite 249 Washington, DC 20001 202-624-5800 phone/202-624-

2、5806 fax www.transportation.org 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a viol

3、ation of applicable law.iii EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 2015-2016 Voting Members Officers: President: John Cox, Wyoming Vice President: Paul Trombino, Iowa Secretary-Treasurer: Carlos Braceras, Utah Regional Representatives: REGION I: Sue Minter, Vermont, One-Year Term David Bernhardt, Maine, Two-Year Term

4、REGION II: John Schroer, Tennessee, One-Year Term Paul Mattox, West Virginia REGION III: Mike King, Kansas, One-Year Term Charles A. Zelle, Minnesota, Two-Year Term REGION IV: Malcom Dougherty, California, One-Year Term Brian Ness, Idaho, Two-Year Term Nonvoting Members Immediate Past President: Mik

5、e Hancock, Kentucky AASHTO Executive Director: Bud Wright, Washington, DC 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.iv HIGHWAYS SUBCOMMITTEE ON BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES 2014 GREGG FREDRICK, Chair BRU

6、CE V. JOHNSON, Vice Chair JOSEPH HARTMMAN, Federal Highway Administration, Secretary RAJ AILANEY, Federal Highway Administration, Assistant Secretary PATRICA BUSH, AASHTO Liaison ALABAMA, John F. “Buddy” Black, Eric J. Christie, William “Tim” Colquett ALASKA, Richard A. Pratt ARIZONA, Shafi Hasan, P

7、e-Shen Yang ARKANSAS, Carl Fuselier CALIFORNIA, Barton J. Newton, Susan Hida, Michael Keever COLORADO, Joshua R. Laipply CONNECTICUT, Timothy D. Fields DELAWARE, Barry A. Benton, Jason Hastings DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Konjit “Connie” Eskender, Donald Cooney, Richard Kenney FLORIDA, Sam Fallaha, Dennis

8、 Golabek, Jeff Pouliotte GEORGIA, Paul V. Liles, Jr., Bill DuVall, Ben Rabun HAWAII, Paul T. Santo IDAHO, Matthew M. Farrar ILLINOIS, D. Carl Puzey, Tim Armbrecht INDIANA, Anne M. Rearick IOWA, Norman L. McDonald, Ahmad Abu-Hawash KANSAS, Loren R. Risch, James J. Brennan, Calvin Reed KENTUCKY, Mark

9、Hite, Marvin Wolfe LOUISIANA, Paul Fossier, Arthur DAndrea, Zhengzheng “Jenny” Fu MAINE, Wayne Frankhauser, Michael Wight MARYLAND, Earle S. Freedman, Jeffrey L. Robert, Gregory Scott Roby MASSACHUSETTS, Alexander K. Bardow, Walter P. Heller MICHIGAN, David Juntunen, Matthew Chynoweth MINNESOTA, Nan

10、cy Daubenberger, Arielle Ehrlich, Kevin Western MISSISSIPPI, Nick J. Altobelli, Austin Banks, Justin Walker MISSOURI, Dennis Heckman, Scott B. Stotlemeyer MONTANA, Kent M. Barnes NEBRASKA, Mark J. Traynowicz, Mark Ahlman, Fouad Jaber NEVADA, Mark P. Elicegui NEW HAMPSHIRE, Mark W. Richardson, David

11、L. Scott NEW JERSEY, Nagnath “Nat” Kasbekar, Xiaohua “Hannah” Cheng, Eli “Dave” Lambert III NEW MEXICO, Raymond M. Trujillo, Rick Padilla, Jeff C. Vigil NEW YORK, Richard Marchione, Wahid Albert, Donald F. Dwyer NORTH CAROLINA, Greg R. Perfetti NORTH DAKOTA, Terrence R. Udland OHIO, Timothy J. Kelle

12、r, Jawdat Siddiqi OKLAHOMA, Robert J. Rusch, Walter Peters, John A. Schmiedel OREGON, Bruce V. Johnson, Hormoz Seradj PENNSYLVANIA, Thomas P. Macioce, Lou Ruzzi PUERTO RICO, (Vacant) RHODE ISLAND, David Fish SOUTH CAROLINA, Barry W. Bowers, Jeff Sizemore SOUTH DAKOTA, Kevin Goeden TENNESSEE, Wayne J

13、. Seger, John S. Hastings TEXAS, Gregg A. Freeby, John M. Holt, Keith L. Ramsey U.S. DOT, Joseph Hartmann, Raj Ailaney UTAH, Carmen Swanwick, Cheryl Hersh Simmons, Joshua Sletten VERMONT, Wayne B. Symonds VIRGINIA, Kendal “Ken” Walus, Prasad L. Nallapaneni. WASHINGTON, Thomas E. Baker, Tony M. Allen

14、, Bijan Khaleghi WEST VIRGINIA, Gregory Bailey, William H. Varney WISCONSIN, Scot Becker, Beth A. Cannestra, William C. Dreher WYOMING, Keith R. Fulton, Paul G. Cortez, Michael E. Menghini DELAWARE RIVER AND BAY AUTHORITY, Shoukry Elnahal GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE, HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION DISTRICT, Kary

15、 H. Witt MDTA, Dan Williams N.J. TURNPIKE AUTHORITY, Richard J. Raczynski N.Y. STATE BRIDGE AUTHORITY, William J. Moreau 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.v PENN. TURNPIKE COMMISSION, James

16、 L. Stump U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERSDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, Phillip W. Sauser, Christopher H. Westbrook U.S. COAST GUARD, Kamal Elnahal U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREFOREST SERVICE, Tom Gillens ALBERTA, Lloyd Atkin KOREA, Eui-Joon Lee, Sang-Soon Lee SASKATCHEWAN, Howard Yea TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH

17、 BOARD, Waseem Dekelbab 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.vi FOREWORD The first edition of the LRFD Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals

18、 incorporates recent work performed under the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), specifically NCHRP 10-80, and other research efforts including state-sponsored activities. These Specifications address: Division I on design, Division II on fabrication, construction, and Division I

19、II on inspection, and asset management. Where possible, these specifications incorporate other AASHTO documents, specifically, the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications, AASHTO Manual for Bridge Evaluation, and AASHTO Standard Specifications for Tra

20、nsportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing. The design specifications are founded upon the Sixth Edition of Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals which incorporate a wealth of research, engineering practice, and long history

21、 of satisfactory performance for the vast majority of structures. Based upon NCHRP Report 796 (2014), LRFD calibration, and current research for both loads and resistances are incorporated. Resistances include several specifications associated with improved detailing for fatigue performance. Additio

22、nally, new sections on Fabrication, Construction, Inspection, and Asset Management are based upon best practices. These areas are evolving as agencies gain more experience with inspection and management of their ancillary structure inventories. The design specifications provided in Division I are ba

23、sed on the LRFD methodology and are intended to address the usual structural supports. Requirements more stringent than those in the Specifications may be appropriate for atypical structural supports. The commentary is intended to provide background on some of the considerations contained in the Spe

24、cifications; however, it does not provide a complete historical background or detailed discussions of the associated research studies. The Specifications and accompanying commentary do not replace sound engineering knowledge and judgment in design, fabrication, construction, inspection, or asset man

25、agement. AASHTO Highways Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.vii PREFACE The first edition of LRFD Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Si

26、gns, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals supersedes the sixth edition of the Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals. It includes changes approved by the Highways Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures in 2014. An abbreviated table of contents f

27、ollows this preface. Detailed tables of contents precede each Section and each Appendix. AASHTO Publications Staff 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law. 2015 by the American Association of Sta

28、te Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.ix ABBREVIATED TABLE OF CONTENTS DIVISION I: DESIGN SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION 1-i SECTION 2: GENERAL FEATURES OF DESIGN 2-i SECTION 3: LOADS 3-i SECTION 4: ANALYSIS AND DESIGNGENERAL CONSIDERATION

29、S . 4-i SECTION 5: STEEL DESIGN 5-i SECTION 6: ALUMINUM DESIGN 6-i SECTION 7: PRESTRESSED CONCRETE DESIGN . 7-i SECTION 8: FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES DESIGN . 8-i SECTION 9: WOOD DESIGN 9-i SECTION 10: SERVICEABILITY REQUIREMENTS 10-i SECTION 11: FATIGUE DESIGN . 11-i SECTION 12: BREAKAWAY SUPPORTS

30、 . 12-i SECTION 13: FOUNDATION DESIGN 13-i DIVISION II: FABRICATION AND CONSTRUCTION SECTION 14: FABRICATION, MATERIALS, AND DETAILING . 14-i SECTION 15: CONSTRUCTION . 15-i DIVISION III: ASSET MANAGEMENT SECTION 16: INSPECTION AND REPORTING 16-i SECTION 17: ASSET MANAGEMENT 17-i APPENDICES APPENDIX

31、 A: ANALYSIS OF SPAN-WIRE STRUCTURES A-i APPENDIX B: DESIGN AIDS B-i APPENDIX C: ALTERNATE METHODS FOR FATIGUE DESIGN AND EVALUATION . C-i APPENDIX D: DETAILED ELEMENT DESCRIPTIONS . D-i 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication i

32、s a violation of applicable law.1-i SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 1 1.1SCOPE . 1-11.2DEFINITIONS 1-41.3APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS . 1-41.4TYPES OF STRUCTURAL SUPPORTS . 1-51.4.1Sign . 1-51.4.2Luminaire 1-51.4.3Traffic Signal 1-81.4.4Combination Structures 1-81.5DESIGN PHILOSOPHY 1-101.5

33、.1General 1-101.5.2Limit States . 1-101.5.2.1General . 1-101.5.2.2Service Limit State 1-101.5.2.3Fatigue Limit State 1-101.5.2.4Strength Limit State . 1-111.5.2.5Extreme Limit State . 1-111.6REFERENCES 1-11 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights res

34、erved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.1-1 SECTION 1:INTRODUCTION 1.1SCOPE C1.1The provisions of these load and resistance factor design specifications for structural supports for highway signs, luminaires, and traffic signals, hereinafter referred to as the Specifications, are applicab

35、le to the structural design of supports for highway signs, luminaires, and traffic signals (LRFD Structural Supports). The types of supports addressed in these Specifications are discussed in Article 1.4. The Specifications are intended to serve as a standard and guide for design, fabrication, const

36、ruction, inspection, and asset management. These Specifications are the result of National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 10-80 and the corresponding NCHRP Report 796. These Specifications are intended to replace the sixth edition, Standard Specifications for Structural Support

37、s for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals (2013). At the discretion of the Owner, proprietary solutions may be considered. These solutions may address both new structures and the repair or rehabilitation of existing structures. Testing of proprietary solutions shall model actual condition

38、s as closely as possible, and the test methods and results shall be published. Where appropriate, the language and intent of the Specifications is kept the same as in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications and the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications. The following definitions are us

39、ed: The term “shall” denotes a requirement for compliance with these Specifications. The term “should” indicates a strong preference for a given criterion. The term “may” indicates a criterion that is usable, but other local and suitably documented, verified, and approved criterion may also be used

40、in a manner consistent with the LRFD approach to structural design. These Specifications are not intended to supplant proper training or the exercise of judgment by the Designer. They include only the minimum requirements necessary to provide for public safety. The Owner or the Designer may require

41、the design, quality of materials, fabrication, construction, and asset management to be higher than the minimum requirements. The design provisions of these Specifications employ the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) methodology. The factors have been developed from the theory of reliability

42、based on current statistical knowledge of loads and structural performance, including materials properties. Seismic design is not included in these Specifications, and such procedures should be prescribed by the Owner. The commentary references other documents that provide suggestions for meeting th

43、e requirements and intent of these Specifications. However, those documents and the commentary are not intended to be a part of these Specifications. In most cases, wind combined with other load effects controls the structural design. The commentary discusses some provisions of the Specifications wi

44、th emphasis given to the explanation of new or revised provisions that may be unfamiliar to the reader. The commentary is not intended to provide a complete historical background concerning the development of this or previous Specifications, nor is it intended to provide a detailed summary of the st

45、udies and research data reviewed 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.1-2 LRFD SPECIFICATIONS FOR STRUCTURAL SUPPORTS FOR HIGHWAY SIGNS, LUMINAIRES, AND TRAFFIC SIGNALS in developing the provi

46、sions. References to some of the research data are provided, however, for those who wish to study the background material in depth. Not all references are cited. 1.2DEFINITIONS AAAluminum Association. AASHTOAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. ACIAmerican Concrete Inst

47、itute. AISCAmerican Institute for Steel Construction. ArmA cantilevered member, either horizontal or sloped, which is typically attached to a pole. ASCEAmerican Society for Civil Engineers. ASDAllowable stress design. AWSAmerican Welding Society. Bridge SupportAlso known as span-type support; a hori

48、zontal or sloped member or truss supported by at least two vertical supports. CantileverA member, either horizontal or vertical, supported at one end only. CMSChangeable message sign, a sign that displays a variable message. CollapseA major change in the geometry of the structure rendering it unfit

49、for use. ComponentEither a discrete element of the structure or a combination of elements requiring individual design consideration.DesignProportioning and detailing the components and connections of a structure. DesignerThe person responsible for design of the structural support. DuctilityProperty of a component or connection that allows inelastic response. DMSDynamic Message Sign, see CMS. EngineerPerson responsible for the design of the structure or review of design-related field submittals such as erection plans, or both. E