API RP 68-1998 Recommended Practice for Oil and Gas Well Servicing and Workover Operations Involving Hydrogen Sulfide (FIRST EDITION)《涉及硫化氢的石油和天然气井、修井作业推荐实施规程.第一版》.pdf
《API RP 68-1998 Recommended Practice for Oil and Gas Well Servicing and Workover Operations Involving Hydrogen Sulfide (FIRST EDITION)《涉及硫化氢的石油和天然气井、修井作业推荐实施规程.第一版》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《API RP 68-1998 Recommended Practice for Oil and Gas Well Servicing and Workover Operations Involving Hydrogen Sulfide (FIRST EDITION)《涉及硫化氢的石油和天然气井、修井作业推荐实施规程.第一版》.pdf(51页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Recommended Practice for Oil and Gas Well Servicing and Workover Operations Involving Hydrogen SulfideAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 68FIRST EDITION, JANUARY 1998REAFFIRMED, SEPTEMBER 2010Recommended Practice for Oil and Gas Well Servicing and Workover Operations Involving Hydrogen SulfideUpstream Segment
2、API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 68FIRST EDITION, JANUARY 1998REAFFIRMED, SEPTEMBER 2010SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet
3、the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers towarn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning healthand safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or fed-eral laws.Information concerning safety and health risks and p
4、roper precautions with respect to par-ticular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer orsupplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, byimplication or otherwise,
5、for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod-uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con-strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed,
6、 or withdrawn at least everyfive years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this reviewcycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as anoperative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication. Sta
7、tusof the publication can be ascertained from the API Authoring Department telephone (202)682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updatedquarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.This document was produced under API standardization procedur
8、es that ensure appropri-ate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an APIstandard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or com-ments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developedshould be d
9、irected in writing to the director of the Authoring Department (shown on the titlepage of this document), American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington,D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the materialpublished herein should also be address
10、ed to the director.API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply-ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should beutilized. The for
11、mulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way toinhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the markingrequirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicablerequirements
12、of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recordin
13、g, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 1998 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDThese recommended practices were prepared by the API Subcommittee on Oil and GasWell Se
14、rvicing and Workover Operations Involving Hydrogen Sulfide. This standard isunder the administration of the American Petroleum Institute Exploration 2) that may be impractical under certain circumstances; or 3) thatmay be unnecessary under certain circumstances.Suggested revisions to these recommend
15、ed practices are invited and should be submittedto: Director, Exploration amended by CPL2-20A CH-1, October 29, 1984.3.2.3 continuous hydrogen sulfide monitoringequipment: Equipment capable of continuously measuringand displaying the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in ambi-ent air.3.2.4 emergency
16、response planning guidelevel2 (ERPG-2): The maximum airborne concentration belowwhich it is believed that nearly all individuals could beexposed for up to one hour without experiencing or develop-ing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptomsthat could impair their abilities to take pr
17、otective actions.Refer to Technical Guidance for Hazards Analysis; Emer-gency Planning for Extremely Hazardous Substances. 3.2.5 enclosed facility: A 3-dimensional space enclosedby more than 2/3of the possible projected plane surface andof sufficient size to allow the entry of personnel. For a typic
18、albuilding, this would require that more than 2/3of the walls,ceiling, and floor be present. Refer to API RP 500.3.2.6 essential personnel: Those individuals requiredto provide proper and prudent safe operations activities andthose required to effect control of the hazardous hydrogensulfide or sulfu
19、r dioxide conditions.3.2.7 gas detection instrument: An assembly of elec-trical, mechanical, and chemical components designed tosense and respond continuously to the presence of chemicalgases in atmospheric mixtures.3.2.8 hydrogen sulfide: Chemical formula is H2S. Aflammable, toxic gas that is norma
20、lly heavier than air andsometimes found in fluids encountered in oil and gas produc-ing and gas processing operations. CAUTION: Inhalation atcertain concentrations can lead to injury or death. Refer toAppendix A.3.2.9 immediately dangerous to life and health(IDLH): An atmospheric concentration of an
21、y toxic, corro-sive, or asphyxiant substance that poses an immediate threatto life or would cause irreversible or delayed adverse healtheffects or would interfere with an individuals ability toescape from a dangerous atmosphere. API Publication 2217Aspecifies an oxygen content of less than 19.5% as
22、oxygendeficient and an oxygen content of less than 16% is consid-ered IDLH.3.2.10 inadequately ventilated: Ventilation (natural orartificial) that is not sufficient to prevent the accumulation ofRECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR OIL AND GAS WELL SERVICING AND WORKOVER OPERATIONS INVOLVING HYDROGEN SULFIDE 5
23、significant quantities of toxic or inert gases such that a hazardis created.3.2.11 length-of-stain detector: A specially designedpump and colorimetric indicator tube detector (length-of-stain), with a supply of detector tubes, that operates by usingthe pump to pull a known volume of air or gas throu
24、gh adetector tube. The tubes contain chemical reagents that aredesigned to detect the presence and display the concentrationof specific gases or vapors in the sample. The length of theresultant color band in the tube indicates an instantaneousquantitative concentration of the specific chemical in th
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