API PUBL 4688-1999 Temporary Treatment Options for Petroleum Distribution Terminal Wastewaters《为油气分布终端废水的暂时处理方案》.pdf
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1、STD-APIIPETRO PUBL 4688-ENGL 3999 0732290 Ob39447 the gray highlight boxes identify the sections in the document for further discussion. The four steps in the process are: problem definition technology selection contractor selection implementation The first step in the evaluation process is to defin
2、e the treatment problem. The operator/engineer should start by collecting information on the wastewater and terminal site. The wastewater is characterized by: Consideration of typical wastewater sources, and Sampling and analysis of the terminals wastewater to define its quality and volume/flow rate
3、. Identifying the constraints of the site (such as location, size and access to utilities) and the applicable permits (e.g., RCRA, NPDES, and air) completes the problem definition. Once the problem is defined, the next step is to evaluate and select the appropriate treatment technology. This is done
4、 by first identifying the contaminants, based on the wastewater characteristics and sitelpermit limitations defined earlier. The terminal operatorlengineer should use information on the available mobile treatment technologies and their efficiencies in treating specific contaminants (see Tables 3-1 a
5、nd 3-2) to select an appropriate treatment technology. ES-I The operatodengineer should consider the economic ramifications such as the capital, operation, and maintenance costs as well as the technical feasibility of each technology. Once the treatment technology is chosen, the terminal operator/en
6、gineer should select a competent contractor to mobilize and operate the treatment system. In Section 4.0, there is a checklist (Figure 4-1) that identifies the essential elements of contractor selection. The issues to consider in contractor selection are: Experience (references and information on cu
7、rrent projects) Cost (including mobilization, treatment and demobilization) Warranty (including liability for pilot tests and permitting) Residuals (handling, treatment and disposal) Additional services (including analytical and permitting services) Re Re Re Prior to selecting the contractor, the op
8、eratorlengineer should evaluate the proposed implementation of the mobile treatment system. Also, he/she should review the contractors past performance and proposed methodology for performing: Treatability testing Performance verification Process control instrumentation Startup/shutdown procedures S
9、tandard Operating Practices (SOPS) Operator certification and training (including health and safety) Spill control Contingencies ES-2 STD-API/PETRO PUBL 4b88-ENGL 1999 0732290 Obl94bO b34 Before committing to a mobile treatment system and contractor, the terminal operatorlengineer should assess pote
10、ntial pitfalls such as: Control of the contractor Regulatory changes Emergencies Accumulation storage (RCRA) IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES Review Oversight Issues (Section 5.0) Assess Potential Pitfalls (Section 6.0) This document provides sufficient information to guide an operator/engineer through evaluat
11、ion of mobile treatment systems, including problem definition, treatment technology selection, contractor selection and implementation. Additional information and guidance should also be obtained from in-house technical and legal staff, or outside consultants. ES-3 STD=API/PETRO PUBL 4bBB-ENGL 1777
12、= 0332290 ObL94bL 570 I .O INTRODUCTION I .I This document provides guidance to terminal operators and engineers in evaluating and selecting mobile treatment systems for wastewater generated at petroleum distribution terminals. Purpose of the Document 1.2 Why Consider Mobile Treatment? Three reasons
13、 for terminal personnel to consider the use of mobile treatment include: wastewater does not meet final disposal requirements (e.g., NPDES permit limits) wastewater flow is of short duration (less than 3 months per year) and can have significant volume (more than 10,000 gallons) resources (labor, ti
14、me, and capital budget) are limited Mobile treatment systems may not be appropriate for all wastewater streams at a petroleum terminal. In some cases, transportation to an off-site treatment facility or construction of a permanent treatment system is a better choice. 1.3 As indicated on Table 1-1 ,
15、mobile treatment systems have distinct advantages over other alternatives. Mobile treatment is often more appropriate than on-site permanent treatment or transportation off-site. First of all, mobile treatment requires little or no capital improvements to implement. Treatment can begin rapidly becau
16、se the mobilization and installation are so quick. Mobile treatment technologies are flexible so that they can be easily moved from site to site to treat flows that occur over a short time period. In addition, the labor and expertise to install and operate a mobile system are supplied by the contrac
17、tor - a critical consideration when the terminals resources are limited. When to Use Mobile Treatment (Comparison to Other Alternatives) There are some limits, however, to using mobile treatment. Even though capital costs are generally small (e.g., utility hookup), long-term operating costs, and the
18、 costs of mobilization and demobilization, should be considered. Residual disposal and treatment costs will also increase the operation and maintenance cost. Another disadvantage of mobile treatment is the liability incurred by having contractor personnel and equipment on site for a period of time.
19、1-1 STD=API/PETRO PUBL 4688-ENGL 1999 111 0732290 0617462 407 M 1-2 STD=API/PETRO PUBL 4688-ENGL 1999 W 0732290 0639463 343 m Another drawback is the required time to manage the contractor (e.g., initial negotiations, setup, and oversight). When considering the use of mobile treatment, weigh the ben
20、efits and drawbacks of mobile treatment in relation to the other two alternatives on Table 1-1. The specific characteristics of the terminal (wastewater and location) will affect selection of the most appropriate alternative for the petroleum terminal. In general, mobile treatment should be used if
21、there is a large volume (10,000 gallons) of wastewater and flow is periodic and of short duration. On the other hand, permanent treatment should be implemented if the wastewater stream is continuous and the flow rate is relatively large. As a rule of thumb, off-site treatment should be used if the w
22、astewater volume is small (10,000 gallons) and flow is periodic. I .4 Document Overview This document addresses the four-step process for evaluating and selecting a mobile treatment system and contractor. Section 2.0 summarizes the problem definition process that includes characterization of the was
23、tewater and identification of permitting and site constraints. Section 3.0 summarizes the treatment technology selection process. Section 4.0 describes the contractor selection process. Sections 5.0 and 6.0 summarize the implementation issues to consider prior to project initiation. 1-3 STDoAPI/PETR
24、O PUBL 4hBB-ENGL 1999 0732270 ObL94bli 2BT 2.0 PROBLEM DEFINITION Overview The first step in the evaluation process is to define the treatment problem. Start by collecting information on the wastewater and terminal site. The wastewater is characterized by: Consideration of typical wastewater sources
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